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亲缘、互惠与驯顺:利他理论的三次突破 被引量:33
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作者 刘鹤玲 《自然辩证法研究》 CSSCI 北大核心 2000年第3期7-11,29,共6页
动物行为学在适合度范围内研究利他现象 ,理论发展过程中出现了三次重大突破。亲缘选择理论从概率的角度 ,通过分析亲缘关系指数 ,解释了近亲利他现象。合作进化理论借用博弈论建立数学模型 ,解释了互惠利他现象。驯顺性理论在受限理性... 动物行为学在适合度范围内研究利他现象 ,理论发展过程中出现了三次重大突破。亲缘选择理论从概率的角度 ,通过分析亲缘关系指数 ,解释了近亲利他现象。合作进化理论借用博弈论建立数学模型 ,解释了互惠利他现象。驯顺性理论在受限理性的基础上 ,比较社会强加给个体的利他主义要求与通过驯顺性获得的有利知识和技能 ,解释了纯粹利他现象。 展开更多
关键词 生物学哲学 新缘 互惠 驯顺 动物行为学 利他论
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植物的离子吸收动力学研究的现状和前景(综述) 被引量:17
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作者 韩振海 王永章 王倩 《北京农业大学学报》 CSCD 北大核心 1994年第4期381-387,共7页
本文以文献及作者在果树上的研究为基础,对植物离子吸收动力学的基本概念、研究方法、影响动力学参数的主要因素和在果树营养研究中的应用,以及离子吸收动力学的意义和发展前景进行了述评。
关键词 离子吸收动力学 作物 果树 KM IMAX
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多辆电动汽车远程监控系统 被引量:18
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作者 陈燕虹 沈帅 +1 位作者 刘宏伟 刘永恒 《吉林大学学报(工学版)》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2013年第2期285-290,共6页
构建了掌握电动汽车运行状态的远程监控系统。下位机有电池管理系统和电机控制器实现电池电机信息的采集,整车控制器通过控制器局域网络(CAN)实现车内数据通信,数据由CAN转为RS232。采用了通用无线分组业务技术,经数据传输单元传输,借... 构建了掌握电动汽车运行状态的远程监控系统。下位机有电池管理系统和电机控制器实现电池电机信息的采集,整车控制器通过控制器局域网络(CAN)实现车内数据通信,数据由CAN转为RS232。采用了通用无线分组业务技术,经数据传输单元传输,借助移动信号和Internet网络传至上位机。利用动态交换技术实现组态王和MATLAB及VB联合,然后利用MATLAB对接收的数据进行理论计算和VB调用MAPX控件,扩展了运算能力和定位功能。实际应用说明系统具有良好的实时性。 展开更多
关键词 车辆工程 电动汽车 控制器局域网络 组态王
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The Basic Principles of Kin Sociality and Eusociality: Human Evolution 被引量:7
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作者 Ding-Yu Chung 《Natural Science》 2016年第1期8-19,共12页
The paper posits that kin sociality and eusociality are derived from the handicap-care principles based on the need-based care to the handicappers from the caregivers for the self-interest of the caregivers. In this p... The paper posits that kin sociality and eusociality are derived from the handicap-care principles based on the need-based care to the handicappers from the caregivers for the self-interest of the caregivers. In this paper, handicap is defined as the difficulty to survive and reproduce independently. Kin sociality is derived from the childhood handicap-care principle where the children are the handicapped children who receive the care from the kin caregivers in the inclusive kin group to survive. The caregiver gives care for its self-interest to reproduce its gene. The individual’s gene of kin sociality contains the handicapped childhood and the caregiving adulthood. Eusociality is derived from the adulthood handicap-care principle where responsible adults are the handicapped adults who give care and receive care at the same time in the interdependent eusocial group to survive and reproduce its gene. Queen bees reproduce, but must receive care from worker bees that work but must rely on queen bees to reproduce. A caregiver gives care for its self-interest to survive and reproduce its gene. The individual’s gene of eusociality contains the handicapped childhood-adulthood and the caregiving adulthood. The chronological sequence of the sociality evolution is individual sociality without handicap, kin sociality with handicapped childhood, and eusociality with handicapped adulthood. Eusociality in humans is derived from bipedalism and the mixed habitat. The chronological sequence of the eusocial human evolution is 1) the eusocial early hominins with bipedalism and the mixed habitat, 2) the eusocial early Homo species with bipedalism, the larger brain, and the open habitat, 3) the eusocial late Homo species with bipedalism, the largest brain, and the unstable habitat, and 4) extended eusocial Homo sapiens with bipedalism, the shrinking brain, omnipresent imagination, and the harsh habitat. The omnipresence of imagination in human culture converts eusociality into extended eusociality with both perception and omnipre 展开更多
关键词 kin Sociality EUSOCIALITY Evolution kin Selection Group Selection The Handicap-Care Principle Human Evolution SUPERNATURAL Hamilton’s Rule DOMESTICATION Shrinking Brain Upper Paleolithic Revolution
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现有系统扩展IHE集成功能的设计方法 被引量:5
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作者 吕旭东 段会龙 王曦 《中国生物医学工程学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2008年第1期76-81,共6页
基于IHE技术框架实现医疗信息系统集成是目前的发展方向,对大量现有的系统实现IHE集成功能,进行系统的升级扩展是既高效又经济的方法。以DICOM图像浏览器为例,分IHE模型分析、集成需求分析、集成功能设计三个步骤对现有系统进行IHE集成... 基于IHE技术框架实现医疗信息系统集成是目前的发展方向,对大量现有的系统实现IHE集成功能,进行系统的升级扩展是既高效又经济的方法。以DICOM图像浏览器为例,分IHE模型分析、集成需求分析、集成功能设计三个步骤对现有系统进行IHE集成功能的扩展设计。该方法在对IHE模型进行分析的基础上,首先分析系统在IHE技术框架中所对应的角色、集成模型,事务、数据项和集成功能,并遵循模块化的思想对现有系统进行扩展设计。它可在不改变原有系统功能的基础上,快速进行IHE集成功能的升级扩展。基于该设计方法在范例系统上的实践经验可为其它系统的IHE集成功能设计提供参考。 展开更多
关键词 IHE 系统集成 kin CPI DICOM图像浏览器
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A thelytokous predatory mite is more cannibalistic towards distant kin
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作者 Keshi Zhang Zhi-Qiang Zhang 《Current Zoology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第5期578-584,共7页
Kin recognition has been widely observed in various taxa.Cannibalism avoidance may be a strong driver for the evolution of kin recognition,as it may avoid a reduction in inclusive fitness.Kin recognition has recently ... Kin recognition has been widely observed in various taxa.Cannibalism avoidance may be a strong driver for the evolution of kin recognition,as it may avoid a reduction in inclusive fitness.Kin recognition has recently been observed in a generalist phytoseiid,Amblyseius herbicolus(Acari:Phytoseiidae).This study experimentally examined the degree of relatedness needed between prey larvae and cannibal adults of A.herbicolus for the occurrence of kin discrimination.The adults were individually placed in enclosed arenas with two prey,a daughter and a more distant related larva,to observe their cannibalizing choice.The adults of A.herbicolus did not discriminate between close relatives(daughter versus niece)but preferably cannibalized more distant kin(i.e.,first and second cousins once removed).Phenotype matching and familiarization seem prominent as recognition mechanisms used by A.herbicolus adults.The effect of learning on kin recognition through prior contact in A.herbicolus requires further investigation.Studies on other adaptive functions of kin recognition of A.herbicolus,such as cooperation and parental care,may provide meaningful insights. 展开更多
关键词 ACARI CANNIBALISM choice test close kin DISCRIMINATION kin recognition
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香火庙:诉讼与械斗——以晚清黄冈县个案为例 被引量:2
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作者 徐斌 《武汉大学学报(人文科学版)》 CSSCI 北大核心 2005年第2期171-176,共6页
从庙宇的建立、神灵的选择等方面均可看出香火庙在两湖的家族生活中占据重要地位,从宗族争夺香火庙的过程中可见,在地域社会中人们为各自利益而争斗不休,从而反映了传统社会的变动不居。
关键词 香火庙 地域社会 宗族 清代 湖北
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酶动力学模块软件求解米氏常数和最大反应速率的实验研究 被引量:5
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作者 李丽 施展 钱春香 《洛阳理工学院学报(自然科学版)》 2009年第4期1-3,15,共4页
当前仍多用作图法求解酶动力学米氏方程中米氏常数和最大反应速率。本文介绍采用酶动力学模块求解米氏常数和最大反应速率的办法。该模块是社会科学统计软件包中一项专门针对酶动力学数据分析的软件。通过对比双倒数作图法和酶动力学模... 当前仍多用作图法求解酶动力学米氏方程中米氏常数和最大反应速率。本文介绍采用酶动力学模块求解米氏常数和最大反应速率的办法。该模块是社会科学统计软件包中一项专门针对酶动力学数据分析的软件。通过对比双倒数作图法和酶动力学模块法求解出的米氏常数和最大反应速率,发现虽然二者的结果非常接近,但后者比前者需要的步骤少,时间少,人工少。故将酶动力学分析模块推荐给科研工作者,以供快速处理大量酶动力学实验数据时使用。 展开更多
关键词 酶动力学模块 米氏常数 最大反应速率 米氏方程 双倒数方程
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血浓于水:大学生的内隐亲缘合作偏好 被引量:4
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作者 邓永光 毕新 +2 位作者 杨智钦 路立 吴铁钧 《心理研究》 2017年第6期25-30,共6页
合作偏好是个体选择具有某种特征的群体进行合作的稳定倾向。选择26名全日制大学生,采用内隐联想范式考察其对"亲缘/非亲缘"与"合作/非合作"之间的联系。结果显示:相对于"非亲缘"与"合作"之间... 合作偏好是个体选择具有某种特征的群体进行合作的稳定倾向。选择26名全日制大学生,采用内隐联想范式考察其对"亲缘/非亲缘"与"合作/非合作"之间的联系。结果显示:相对于"非亲缘"与"合作"之间的联系,大学生在"亲缘"与"合作"之间的联系更强;这种联系在性别、年级、专业上没有显著差异;社团活动参与度高的大学生相对于参与度低的大学生,在这种联系上表现得更微弱。大学生存在显著的内隐亲缘合作偏好;非亲缘间的合作经历影响内隐亲缘合作偏好。 展开更多
关键词 合作 亲缘关系 合作偏好 内隐联想测验 大学生
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Allomaternal care and‘adoption'in an edge-of-range population of Taihangshan macaques in Northern China
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作者 Yongman Guo Cyril C Grueter Jiqi Lu 《Current Zoology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第2期215-218,共4页
Among mammals,mothers provide maternal care and protection starting from gestation and they ensure nutritional supply via lactation after birth(Clutton-Brock 1991).However,in social mammals,infants may also be cared f... Among mammals,mothers provide maternal care and protection starting from gestation and they ensure nutritional supply via lactation after birth(Clutton-Brock 1991).However,in social mammals,infants may also be cared for by a variety of other group members,such as fathers,siblings,a host of more distant relatives,and even unrelated individuals.Care by individuals other than the mother is known as allomaternal care(nonmaternal care)(Ishizuka 2020).Moreover,adoption of an orphaned infant is a special case of allomaternal care(Chaves et al.2020). 展开更多
关键词 Taihangshan macaques Macaca mulatta tcheliensis allomaternal care ADOPTION paternity analyses kin selection
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Complementary interactions between indirect and direct fitness in a cooperatively breeding
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作者 Zhibing Li Xinwei Da Xin Lu 《Current Zoology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第1期76-81,共6页
Altruism is difficult to explain evolutionarily and to understand it,there is a need to quantify the benefits and costs to altruists.Hamilton’s theory of kin selection argues that altruism can persist if the costs to... Altruism is difficult to explain evolutionarily and to understand it,there is a need to quantify the benefits and costs to altruists.Hamilton’s theory of kin selection argues that altruism can persist if the costs to altruists are offset by indirect fitness payoffs from helping related recipients.Nevertheless,helping nonkin is also common and in such situations,the costs must be compensated for by direct benefits.While previous researchers tended to evaluate the indirect and direct fitness in isolation,we expect that they have a complementary interaction where altruists are associated with recipients of different relatedness within a population.The prediction is tested with 12years of data on lifetime reproductive success for a cooperatively breeding bird,Tibetan ground tits Pseudopodoces humilis.Helpers who helped distantly related recipients gained significantly lower indirect benefits than those who helped closely related recipients,but the opposite was true for direct fitness,thereby making these helpers have an equal inclusive fitness.Helping efforts were independent of helpers’relatedness to recipients,but those helping distantly related recipients were more likely to inherit the resident territory,which could be responsible for their high direct reproductive success.Our findings provide an explanatory model for the widespread coexistence of altruists and recipients with varying relatedness within a single population. 展开更多
关键词 ALTRUISM cooperative breeding Hamilton’s rule kin selection
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作为象征的宗族公产--以黄梅县程氏宗族为例 被引量:4
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作者 徐斌 《武汉大学学报(人文科学版)》 CSSCI 北大核心 2008年第6期782-788,共7页
以往学者多将族产作为宗族的经济基础来加以考察,但在黄梅程氏的各房支争夺族产的个案中,显示了其作为界定宗族边界的标尺。明清时期,庶民宗族处于不断发展变化之中,其间赋役制度、官方的态度、地方社会的反应等等因素都在左右着这一进... 以往学者多将族产作为宗族的经济基础来加以考察,但在黄梅程氏的各房支争夺族产的个案中,显示了其作为界定宗族边界的标尺。明清时期,庶民宗族处于不断发展变化之中,其间赋役制度、官方的态度、地方社会的反应等等因素都在左右着这一进程,本文通过对黄梅程氏个案的细部描写,以此反映出这一过程的复杂性。 展开更多
关键词 清代 宗族 公产 诉讼
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风险情境中血缘关系对风险决策的影响 被引量:4
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作者 张银玲 雷鹤 +1 位作者 曹宝花 苗丹民 《中国行为医学科学》 CSCD 2008年第8期740-741,共2页
目的探讨风险情境中的血缘关系对风险决策的影响。方法采用生死问题决策问卷,以整群抽样的方式,抽取683名大学生,将其随机分成15组。结果正、负框架之间出现框架效应的是2-4组(χ^2=10.83)、3—3组(χ^2=20.78)和6-0组(χ^2=7... 目的探讨风险情境中的血缘关系对风险决策的影响。方法采用生死问题决策问卷,以整群抽样的方式,抽取683名大学生,将其随机分成15组。结果正、负框架之间出现框架效应的是2-4组(χ^2=10.83)、3—3组(χ^2=20.78)和6-0组(χ^2=7.47),3组均在负面框架下风险选择人数最多,分别为37(78.7%)、40(93.0%)和37(82.2%),差异具有显著性(P〈0.01);与基线水平比较发现,仅在正面框架与基线水平间出现效应的是2-4组(χ^2=5.39)和6-0组(χ^2=5.83),差异具有显著性(P〈0.05);正面、负面均与基线水平间出现框架效应的是3-3组(χ^2=4.09;7.91),正面、负面与平衡框架下风险选择人数分别为23(48.9%)、40(93.0%)和32(69.6%),差异具有显著性(P〈0.05)。此外,女性框架效应发生在2-4组(χ^2=13.09)、3-3组(χ^2=18.09)和6-0组(χ^2=6.189),均差异有显著性(P〈0.05);男性仅在3-3组出现框架效应(χ^2=13.09,P〈0.01)。结论血缘关系是影响决策的重要因素,风险情境中不同的人员构成会导致不同的风险偏好。 展开更多
关键词 横断面研究 决策 框架效应 血缘关系
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Cannibalism in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum 被引量:1
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作者 Lucy C. Cooper Camille Desjonqueres Simon R. Leather 《Insect Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2014年第6期750-758,共9页
Previous observations of cannibalism have been made in the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (L.): this article seeks to quantify factors contributing to such be- haviors. We observed and quantified the responses of a numb... Previous observations of cannibalism have been made in the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (L.): this article seeks to quantify factors contributing to such be- haviors. We observed and quantified the responses of a number of clones and life stages to varying levels of starvation, in the form of increasingly desiccated Vicafaba L. plants (receiving 50, 25, or 10 mL every second day) or a complete absence of host plant. We found that, while the longest incidences of cannibalism are carried out by juveniles (F = 3.45, P = 0.019, df = 3) and targeted at adults, the starvation treatments had the most significant effect on the prevalence of cannibalism in mature A. pisum (F ---- 2.24, P = 0.025, df = 9). Furthermore, there was no difference between the prevalence or dura- tion of cannibalistic activities within and between different clones (P 〉 0.05 in all cases), though juveniles were more likely to target unrelated aphids (V = 6 112, P = 0.011), and spent more time feeding on aphids from the same culture (V = 6 062, P = 0.018). 展开更多
关键词 Acyrthosiphon pisum APHIDIDAE BEHAVIOR CANNIBALISM kin selection MODULARITY
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Ace2, rather than ace1, is the major acetylcholinesterase in the silkworm, Bombyx moil 被引量:1
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作者 Hui-Juan Chen Zhen Liao Xiao-Ming Hui Guo-Qing Li Fei Li Zhao-Jun Han 《Insect Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2009年第4期297-303,共7页
Two acetylcholinesterase (ace) genes have been reported in many insect species. In pests such as Helicoverpa assulta and Plutella xylostellas, acel gene encodes the predominant synaptic enzyme that is the main targe... Two acetylcholinesterase (ace) genes have been reported in many insect species. In pests such as Helicoverpa assulta and Plutella xylostellas, acel gene encodes the predominant synaptic enzyme that is the main target of organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate pesticides. It has been reported that pesticide selection has an impact on the ace gene evolution. The domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori, also has two ace genes. We studied ace gene expression and enzyme activities in silkworm as this has not faced pesticide selection over the past decades. The expression levels of two ace genes, Bm-acel and Bm-ace2, were estimated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Bin-ace2 was expressed more highly than Bm-acel in all tested samples of different developmental stages or tissues, suggesting ace2, rather than acel, is the major type ofacetylcholinesterase (ACHE) in Bombyx mori. This is inconsistent with the aforementioned lepidopterons agricultural pests, partly be due to the widespread use of pesticides that may induce high expression of the acel gene in these pests. Besides high expression in the head, Bm-acel also expresses highly in the silk glands and Bm-ace2 is abundant in the germline, implying both ace genes may have potential non-hydrolytic roles in development. Furthermore, we found that the mRNA levels of two ace genes and their ratios (ace2/acel) change day to day in the first and third instars. This challenges the conventional method of estimating enzymatic activity using crude extract as an enzyme solution, as it is a mixture of ACHE 1 and ACHE2. An efficient and simple method for separating different ACHEs is necessary for reliable toxicological analyses. 展开更多
关键词 ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE Bombyx mori expression kin quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR)
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KIN SP:A boundary element method based code for single pile kinematic bending in layered soil
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作者 Stefano Stacul Nunziante Squeglia 《Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering》 SCIE CSCD 2018年第1期176-187,共12页
In high seismicity areas, it is important to consider kinematic effects to properly design pile foundations.Kinematic effects are due to the interaction between pile and soil deformations induced by seismic waves. One... In high seismicity areas, it is important to consider kinematic effects to properly design pile foundations.Kinematic effects are due to the interaction between pile and soil deformations induced by seismic waves. One of the effect is the arise of significant strains in weak soils that induce bending moments on piles. These moments can be significant in presence of a high stiffness contrast in a soil deposit. The single pile kinematic interaction problem is generally solved with beam on dynamic Winkler foundation approaches(BDWF) or using continuous models. In this work, a new boundary element method(BEM)based computer code(KIN SP) is presented where the kinematic analysis is preceded by a free-field response analysis. The analysis results of this method, in terms of bending moments at the pile-head and at the interface of a two-layered soil, are influenced by many factors including the soil-pile interface discretization. A parametric study is presented with the aim to suggest the minimum number of boundary elements to guarantee the accuracy of a BEM solution, for typical pile-soil relative stiffness values as a function of the pile diameter, the location of the interface of a two-layered soil and of the stiffness contrast. KIN SP results have been compared with simplified solutions in literature and with those obtained using a quasi-three-dimensional(3D) finite element code. 展开更多
关键词 kinematic bending kin SP DISCRETIZATION Boundary element method(BEM) Pile-soil interaction Soil-structure interaction
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Super (a, d)-edge-antimagic total labelings of complete bipartite graphs
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作者 Zhihe LIANG 《Frontiers of Mathematics in China》 SCIE CSCD 2018年第1期129-146,共18页
An (a, d)-edge-antimagic total labeling of a graph G is a bijection f from V(G) ∪ E(G) onto {1, 2,..., |V(G)| + |E(G)|} with the property that the edge-weight set {f(x) + f(xy) + f(y) | xy ∈ ... An (a, d)-edge-antimagic total labeling of a graph G is a bijection f from V(G) ∪ E(G) onto {1, 2,..., |V(G)| + |E(G)|} with the property that the edge-weight set {f(x) + f(xy) + f(y) | xy ∈ E(G)} is equal to {a, a + d, a + 2d,... ,a + (|E(G)| - 1)d} for two integers a 〉 0 and d ≥ 0. An (a,d)-edge- antimagic total labeling is called super if the smMlest possible labels appear on the vertices. In this paper, we completely settle the problem of the super (a, d)-edge-antimagic total labeling of the complete bipartite graph [(m,n and obtain the following results: the graph t(m,n has a super (a, d)-edge-antimagic total labeling if and only if either (i) m = 1, n = 1, and d ≥ 0, or (ii) m = 1, n≥2 (orn=1 and m≥2),and d ∈{0,1,2},or (iii) m=l,n=2 (orn=1 and m = 2), and d= 3, or (iv) m,n≥2, and d=1 展开更多
关键词 Graph kin n super (a d)-edge-antimagic total labeling MATRIX
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Sense of Coherence in Persons with Dementia and Their Next of Kin—A Mixed-Method Study
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作者 Annika Kjallman Alm Per Hagglund +1 位作者 Norbergh Karl-Gustaf Hellzen Ove 《Open Journal of Nursing》 2015年第5期490-499,共10页
Indications of dementia disease include deterioration of memory, thinking, behaviour, and the ability to perform everyday activities. Any of these symptoms can lead to stress and difficulties organizing everyday life.... Indications of dementia disease include deterioration of memory, thinking, behaviour, and the ability to perform everyday activities. Any of these symptoms can lead to stress and difficulties organizing everyday life. As a way to view factors that support human health and well-being despite stressful situations, Antonovsky introduced a salutogenic model. This model proposes that sense of coherence primarily determines physical and mental health i.e. psychological well-being. Having a sense of coherence in everyday life can reduce the impact of stress on the individual in everyday life. The study’s aim of this study was to explore how participants in existing support groups scored on the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC), and what they perceived as contributory factors to a meaningful, manageable, and comprehensible everyday life in the presence of dementia using a mixed method. Persons with dementia had the highest scores on the SOC scale and their partners the lowest. Persons with dementia expressed that being with others who understood them made their everyday life comprehensible and manageable. Their partners expressed that learning about dementia was helpful in managing and comprehending everyday situations. The adult children expressed that it was meaningful to care for their parents and they scored slightly higher than the partners on the SOC scale. Long-term ongoing support supplemented with information and social support can contribute to the sense of coherence in persons with dementia and their next of kin. 展开更多
关键词 DEMENTIA Next of kin NURSING MIXED Method SENSE of Coherence Support Groups
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Current hypotheses to explain genetic chaos under the sea 被引量:2
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作者 Bjarki ELDON Florentine RIQUET +2 位作者 Jon YEARSLEY Didier JOLLIVET Thomas BROQUET 《Current Zoology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2016年第6期551-566,共16页
Chaotic genetic patchiness (CGP) refers to surprising patterns of spatial and temporal genetic structure observed in some marine species at a scale where genetic variation should be efficiently homogenized by gene f... Chaotic genetic patchiness (CGP) refers to surprising patterns of spatial and temporal genetic structure observed in some marine species at a scale where genetic variation should be efficiently homogenized by gene flow via larval dispersal. Here we review and discuss 4 mechanisms that could generate such unexpected patterns: selection, sweepstakes reproductive success, collective dispersal, and temporal shifts in local population dynamics. First, we review examples where genetic differentiation at specific loci was driven by diversifying selection, which was historically the first process invoked to explain CGP. Second, we turn to neutral demographic processes that may drive genome-wide effects, and whose effects on CGP may be enhanced when they act together. We discuss how sweepstakes reproductive success accelerates genetic drift and can thus generate genetic structure, provided that gene flow is not too strong. Collective dispersal is another mechanism whereby genetic structure can be maintained regardless of dispersal intensity, because it may prevent larval cohorts from becoming entirely mixed. Theoretical analyses of both the sweepstakes and the collective dispersal ideas are presented. Finally, we discuss an idea that has received less attention than the other ones just mentioned, namely temporal shifts in local population dynamics. 展开更多
关键词 asynchronous population dynamics chaotic genetic patchiness collective dispersal kin aggregation larval dispersal multiple-merger coalescent sweepstakes reproductive success.
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河东薛氏文学家族传论 被引量:1
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作者 沈文凡 孟祥娟 《古籍整理研究学刊》 CSSCI 北大核心 2009年第1期43-52,共10页
"中外相门,奕代文学,阀阅之大,莫之与京",薛氏一族参与宫廷唱和,文人赠酬,登高则赋,寄情有诗,历周隋直至于唐末,一直活跃在政治与文学的舞台上。本文即以史籍记载与诗文流存为依据,力求尽可能详细的描勒出薛氏文人的生平经历... "中外相门,奕代文学,阀阅之大,莫之与京",薛氏一族参与宫廷唱和,文人赠酬,登高则赋,寄情有诗,历周隋直至于唐末,一直活跃在政治与文学的舞台上。本文即以史籍记载与诗文流存为依据,力求尽可能详细的描勒出薛氏文人的生平经历,并评介其文学活动。 展开更多
关键词 文学 家族 薛道衡 薛元超
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