Jasmonates （JAs） are plant hormones with essential roles in plant defense and development. The basic- helix-loop-helix （bHLH） transcription factor （TF） MYC2 has recently emerged as a master regulator of most asp...Jasmonates （JAs） are plant hormones with essential roles in plant defense and development. The basic- helix-loop-helix （bHLH） transcription factor （TF） MYC2 has recently emerged as a master regulator of most aspects of the jasmonate （JA） signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. MYC2 coordinates JA-mediated defense responses by antagonistically regulating two different branches of the JA signaling pathway that determine resistance to pests and pathogens, respectively. MYC2 is required for induced systemic resistance （ISR） triggered by beneficial soil microbes while MYC2 function is targeted by pathogens during effector-mediated suppression of innate immunity in roots. Another notable function of MYC2 is the regulation of crosstalk between the signaling pathways of JA and those of other phytohormones such as abscisic acid （ABA）, salicylic acid （SA）, gibberellins （GAs）, and auxin （IAA）. MYC2 also regulates interactions between JA signaling and light, phytochrome signaling, and the circadian clock, MYC2 is involved in JA-regulated plant development, lateral and adventitious root formation, flowering time, and shade avoidance syndrome. Related bHLH TFs MYC3 and MYC4 also regulate both overlapping and distinct MYC2-regulated functions in Arabidopsis while MYC2 orthologs act as ＇master switches＇ that regulate JA-mediated biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Here, we briefly review recent studies that revealed mechanistic new insights into the mode of action of this versatile TF.展开更多
Anthocyanin accumulation is recognized as a visible biomarker of plants that have suffered from environmental stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying stress-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis remain uncle...Anthocyanin accumulation is recognized as a visible biomarker of plants that have suffered from environmental stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying stress-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis remain unclear. Expression of anthocyanin-specific genes is regulated by the conserved MBW complex, which is composed of the MYB, bHLH, and WD40 subunRs in higher plants. MBW activity is repressed by MYBL2 and the JAZ family proteins, which bind competitively to bHLH and MYB/bHLH, respectively. Here, we found that MYBL2 and JAZs mediate gibberellic acid-inhibRed anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Competitive pull-down and dual-lucifarase assays showed that DELLA proteins directly sequester MYBL2 and JAZ repressors, leading to the release of bHLH/MYB subunits and subsequently to the formation of active MBW complex, which then activates the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. The JAZ-DELLA-MYBL2 module also plays an Important role in abiotic stress-induced anthocy- anin biosynthesis. Furthermore, we found that the DELLA protein RGA accumulates upon plant exposure to abiotic stresses. Altogether, our data reveal that DELLA-promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis is mediated at least in part by MYBL2 and JAZ regulatory proteins, providing new insights into the coordinated regulation of plant growth and defense through metabolic pathway regulation.展开更多
The Arabidopsis Jasmonate ZIM-domain proteins （JAZs） act as substrates of SCF complex to repress their downstream targets, which are essential for JA-regulated plant development and defense. The bHLH transcription f...The Arabidopsis Jasmonate ZIM-domain proteins （JAZs） act as substrates of SCF complex to repress their downstream targets, which are essential for JA-regulated plant development and defense. The bHLH transcription factor MYC2 was found to interact with JAZs and mediate JA responses including JA-inhibitory root growth. Here, we identified another bHLH transcription factor MYC3 which directly interacted with JAZs by virtue of its N-terminal region to regulate JA responses. The transgenic plants with overexpression of MYC3 exhibited hypersensitivity in JA-inhibitory root elon- gation and seedling development. The JAZ-interacting pattern and the JA-induced expression pattern of MYC3 were distinguishable from those of MYC2. We speculate that MYC3 and MYC2 may have redundant but also distinguishable functions in regulation of JA responses.展开更多
Jasmonates(JAs),a class of lipid-derived stress hormones,play a crucial role across an array of plant physiological processes and stress responses.Although JA signaling is thought to rely predominantly on the degradat...Jasmonates(JAs),a class of lipid-derived stress hormones,play a crucial role across an array of plant physiological processes and stress responses.Although JA signaling is thought to rely predominantly on the degradation of specific JAZ proteins by SCF^(COI1),it remains unclear whether other pathways are involved in the regulation of JAZ protein stability.Here,we report that PUB22,a plant U-box type E3 ubiquitin ligase,plays a critical role in the regulation of plant resistance against Helicoverpa armigera and other JA responses in tomato.Whereas COI1 physically interacts with JAZ1/2/5/7,PUB22 physically interacts with JAZ1/3/4/6.PUB22 ubiquitinates JAZ4 to promote its degradation via the 26S proteasome pathway.Importantly,we observed that pub22 mutants showreduced resistance to H.armigera,whereas jaz4 single mutants and jaz1 jaz3 jaz4 jaz6 quadruple mutants have enhanced resistance.The hypersensitivity of pub22 mutants to herbivores could be partially rescued by JAZ4 mutation.Moreover,we found that expression of PUB22 can be transcriptionally activated by MYC2,thus forming a positive feedback circuit in JA signaling.We noticed that the PUB22-JAZ4 module also regulates other JA responses,including defense against B.cinerea,inhibition of root elongation,and anthocyanin accumulation.Taken together,these results indicate that PUB22 plays a crucial role in plant growth and defense responses,together with COI1-regulated JA signaling,by targeting specific JAZs.展开更多
It is generally accepted that jasmonate-ZIM domain(JAZ)repressors act to mediate jasmonate(JA)signaling via CORONATINE-INSENSITIVE1(COI1)-mediated degradation.Here,we report a cryptic signaling cascade where a JAZ rep...It is generally accepted that jasmonate-ZIM domain(JAZ)repressors act to mediate jasmonate(JA)signaling via CORONATINE-INSENSITIVE1(COI1)-mediated degradation.Here,we report a cryptic signaling cascade where a JAZ repressor,FvJAZ12,mediates multiple signaling inputs via phosphorylation-modulated subcellular translocation rather than the COI1-mediated degradation mechanism in strawberry(Fragaria vesca).FvJAZ12 acts to regulate flavor metabolism and defense response,and was found to be the target of Fv MPK6,a mitogen-activated protein kinase that is capable of responding to multiple signal stimuli.FvMPK6 phosphorylates FvJAZ12 at the amino acid residues S179 and T183 adjacent to the PY residues,thereby attenuating its nuclear accumulation and relieving its repression for FvMYC2,which acts to control the expression of lipoxygenase 3(FvLOX3),an important gene involved in JA biosynthesis and a diverse array of cellular metabolisms.Our data reveal a previously unreported mechanism for JA signaling and decipher a signaling cascade that links multiple signaling inputs with fruit trait development.展开更多
The plant hormone jasmonate(JA)regulates plant growth and immunity by orchestrating a genome-wide transcriptional reprogramming.In the resting stage,JASMONATE-ZIM DOMAIN(JAZ)proteins act as main repressors to regulate...The plant hormone jasmonate(JA)regulates plant growth and immunity by orchestrating a genome-wide transcriptional reprogramming.In the resting stage,JASMONATE-ZIM DOMAIN(JAZ)proteins act as main repressors to regulate the expression of JA-responsive genes in the JA signaling pathway.However,the mechanisms underlying de-repression of JA-responsive genes in response to JA treatment remain elusive.Here,we report two nuclear factor Y transcription factors NF-YB2 and NF-YB3(thereafter YB2 and YB3)play key roles in such de-repression in Arabidopsis.YB2 and YB3 function redundantly and positively regulate plant resistance against the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea,which are specially required for transcriptional activation of a set of JA-responsive genes following inoculation.Furthermore,YB2 and YB3 modulated their expression through direct occupancy and interaction with histone demethylase Ref6 to remove repressive histone modifications.Moreover,YB2 and YB3 physically interacted with JAZ repressors and negatively modulated their abundance,which in turn attenuated the inhibition of JAZ proteins on the transcription of JA-responsive genes,thereby activating JA response and promoting disease resistance.Overall,our study reveals the positive regulators of YB2 and YB3 in JA signaling by positively regulating transcription of JA-responsive genes and negatively modulating the abundance of JAZ proteins.展开更多
The regulation of apple(Malus domestica)fruit texture during ripening is complex and a fundamental determinant of its commercial quality.In climacteric fruit,ripening-related processes are regulated by ethylene(ET),an...The regulation of apple(Malus domestica)fruit texture during ripening is complex and a fundamental determinant of its commercial quality.In climacteric fruit,ripening-related processes are regulated by ethylene(ET),and jasmonate(JA)is also involved in the ethylene biosynthesis pathway,mainly through the transcription factor MYC2.However,the molecular genetic mechanism for fruit ripening processes between the JA and ET signaling pathways still needs to be elucidated.In order to explore how JA regulates apple fruit ripening through ERF4,we used’Gala’and’Ralls Janet’fruit at different developmental stages as experimental materials to determine the fruit firmness and related gene expression analysis.Meanwhile,we carried out different hormone treatments on’Gala’fruit at ripening stage.Here,we show that ERF4 is a core JA signaling hub protein JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN(JAZ)interactor that affects ethylene signaling pathways.During fruit development,ERF4 represses the expression of ACS1 and ACO1 by interacting with JAZ,as well as with the JA-activated transcription factor MYC2.Ripening is promoted in JAZ-suppressed apples.Thus,ERF4 acts as a molecular link between ethylene and JA hormone signals,and the natural variation of the ERF4Ethylene-responsive binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression(EAR)motif decreases repression of ethylene biosynthesis genes.展开更多
Jasmonates(JAs)are plant hormones with crucial roles in development and stress resilience.They activate MYC transcription factors by mediating the proteolysis of MYC inhibitors called JAZ proteins.In the absence of JA...Jasmonates(JAs)are plant hormones with crucial roles in development and stress resilience.They activate MYC transcription factors by mediating the proteolysis of MYC inhibitors called JAZ proteins.In the absence of JA,JAZ proteins bind and inhibit MYC through the assembly of MYC–JAZ–Novel Interactor of JAZ(NINJA)–TPL repressor complexes.However,JAZ and NINJA are predicted to be largely intrinsically unstructured,which has precluded their experimental structure determination.Through a combination of biochemical,mutational,and biophysical analyses and AlphaFold-derived ColabFold modeling,we characterized JAZ–JAZ and JAZ–NINJA interactions and generated models with detailed,high-confidence domain interfaces.We demonstrate that JAZ,NINJA,and MYC interface domains are dynamic in isolation and become stabilized in a stepwise order upon complex assembly.By contrast,most JAZ and NINJA regions outside of the interfaces remain highly dynamic and cannot be modeled in a single conformation.Our data indicate that the small JAZ Zinc finger expressed in Inflorescence Meristem(ZIM)motif mediates JAZ–JAZ and JAZ–NINJA interactions through separate surfaces,and our data further suggest that NINJA modulates JAZ dimerization.This study advances our understanding of JA signaling by providing insights into the dynamics,interactions,and structure of the JAZ–NINJA core of the JA repressor complex.展开更多
Jasmonate(JA)regulates various aspects of plant growth and development and stress responses,with prominent roles in male reproductive development and defenses against herbivores and necrotrophic pathogens.JASMONATE-ZI...Jasmonate(JA)regulates various aspects of plant growth and development and stress responses,with prominent roles in male reproductive development and defenses against herbivores and necrotrophic pathogens.JASMONATE-ZIM DOMAIN(JAZ)proteins are key regulators in the JA signaling pathway and function to repress the expression of JA-responsive genes.Here,we show that JAZ proteins directly interact with several chromatin-associated Polycomb proteins to mediate repressive chromatin modifications at JA-responsive genes and,thus,their transcriptional repression in Arabidopsis.Genetic analyses revealed that the developmental defects,including anther and pollen abnormalities,resulting from loss or block of JA signaling were partially rescued by loss of Polycomb protein-mediated chromatin silencing(Polycomb repression).We further found that JAZ-mediated transcriptional repression during anther and pollen development requires Polycomb proteins at four key Regulatory loci.Analysis of genome-wide occupancy of a Polycomb factor and transcriptome reprogramming in response to JA revealed that Polycomb repression is involved in the repression of various JA-responsive genes.Taken together,our study reveals an important chromatin-based mechanism for JAZ-mediated transcriptional repression and JA signaling in plants.展开更多
文摘Jasmonates （JAs） are plant hormones with essential roles in plant defense and development. The basic- helix-loop-helix （bHLH） transcription factor （TF） MYC2 has recently emerged as a master regulator of most aspects of the jasmonate （JA） signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. MYC2 coordinates JA-mediated defense responses by antagonistically regulating two different branches of the JA signaling pathway that determine resistance to pests and pathogens, respectively. MYC2 is required for induced systemic resistance （ISR） triggered by beneficial soil microbes while MYC2 function is targeted by pathogens during effector-mediated suppression of innate immunity in roots. Another notable function of MYC2 is the regulation of crosstalk between the signaling pathways of JA and those of other phytohormones such as abscisic acid （ABA）, salicylic acid （SA）, gibberellins （GAs）, and auxin （IAA）. MYC2 also regulates interactions between JA signaling and light, phytochrome signaling, and the circadian clock, MYC2 is involved in JA-regulated plant development, lateral and adventitious root formation, flowering time, and shade avoidance syndrome. Related bHLH TFs MYC3 and MYC4 also regulate both overlapping and distinct MYC2-regulated functions in Arabidopsis while MYC2 orthologs act as ＇master switches＇ that regulate JA-mediated biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Here, we briefly review recent studies that revealed mechanistic new insights into the mode of action of this versatile TF.
文摘Anthocyanin accumulation is recognized as a visible biomarker of plants that have suffered from environmental stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying stress-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis remain unclear. Expression of anthocyanin-specific genes is regulated by the conserved MBW complex, which is composed of the MYB, bHLH, and WD40 subunRs in higher plants. MBW activity is repressed by MYBL2 and the JAZ family proteins, which bind competitively to bHLH and MYB/bHLH, respectively. Here, we found that MYBL2 and JAZs mediate gibberellic acid-inhibRed anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Competitive pull-down and dual-lucifarase assays showed that DELLA proteins directly sequester MYBL2 and JAZ repressors, leading to the release of bHLH/MYB subunits and subsequently to the formation of active MBW complex, which then activates the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. The JAZ-DELLA-MYBL2 module also plays an Important role in abiotic stress-induced anthocy- anin biosynthesis. Furthermore, we found that the DELLA protein RGA accumulates upon plant exposure to abiotic stresses. Altogether, our data reveal that DELLA-promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis is mediated at least in part by MYBL2 and JAZ regulatory proteins, providing new insights into the coordinated regulation of plant growth and defense through metabolic pathway regulation.
文摘The Arabidopsis Jasmonate ZIM-domain proteins （JAZs） act as substrates of SCF complex to repress their downstream targets, which are essential for JA-regulated plant development and defense. The bHLH transcription factor MYC2 was found to interact with JAZs and mediate JA responses including JA-inhibitory root growth. Here, we identified another bHLH transcription factor MYC3 which directly interacted with JAZs by virtue of its N-terminal region to regulate JA responses. The transgenic plants with overexpression of MYC3 exhibited hypersensitivity in JA-inhibitory root elon- gation and seedling development. The JAZ-interacting pattern and the JA-induced expression pattern of MYC3 were distinguishable from those of MYC2. We speculate that MYC3 and MYC2 may have redundant but also distinguishable functions in regulation of JA responses.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Projects of International Cooperation and Exchange(32020103013)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32302532)the Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System of China(CARS-25-02A).
文摘Jasmonates(JAs),a class of lipid-derived stress hormones,play a crucial role across an array of plant physiological processes and stress responses.Although JA signaling is thought to rely predominantly on the degradation of specific JAZ proteins by SCF^(COI1),it remains unclear whether other pathways are involved in the regulation of JAZ protein stability.Here,we report that PUB22,a plant U-box type E3 ubiquitin ligase,plays a critical role in the regulation of plant resistance against Helicoverpa armigera and other JA responses in tomato.Whereas COI1 physically interacts with JAZ1/2/5/7,PUB22 physically interacts with JAZ1/3/4/6.PUB22 ubiquitinates JAZ4 to promote its degradation via the 26S proteasome pathway.Importantly,we observed that pub22 mutants showreduced resistance to H.armigera,whereas jaz4 single mutants and jaz1 jaz3 jaz4 jaz6 quadruple mutants have enhanced resistance.The hypersensitivity of pub22 mutants to herbivores could be partially rescued by JAZ4 mutation.Moreover,we found that expression of PUB22 can be transcriptionally activated by MYC2,thus forming a positive feedback circuit in JA signaling.We noticed that the PUB22-JAZ4 module also regulates other JA responses,including defense against B.cinerea,inhibition of root elongation,and anthocyanin accumulation.Taken together,these results indicate that PUB22 plays a crucial role in plant growth and defense responses,together with COI1-regulated JA signaling,by targeting specific JAZs.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFD2100102)the Tianchi Talent Program(2023),the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(6232019)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program(2019YFD1000200)the Construction of Beijing Science and Technology Innovation and Service Capacity in Top Subjects(CEFFPXM2019_014207_000032)。
文摘It is generally accepted that jasmonate-ZIM domain(JAZ)repressors act to mediate jasmonate(JA)signaling via CORONATINE-INSENSITIVE1(COI1)-mediated degradation.Here,we report a cryptic signaling cascade where a JAZ repressor,FvJAZ12,mediates multiple signaling inputs via phosphorylation-modulated subcellular translocation rather than the COI1-mediated degradation mechanism in strawberry(Fragaria vesca).FvJAZ12 acts to regulate flavor metabolism and defense response,and was found to be the target of Fv MPK6,a mitogen-activated protein kinase that is capable of responding to multiple signal stimuli.FvMPK6 phosphorylates FvJAZ12 at the amino acid residues S179 and T183 adjacent to the PY residues,thereby attenuating its nuclear accumulation and relieving its repression for FvMYC2,which acts to control the expression of lipoxygenase 3(FvLOX3),an important gene involved in JA biosynthesis and a diverse array of cellular metabolisms.Our data reveal a previously unreported mechanism for JA signaling and decipher a signaling cascade that links multiple signaling inputs with fruit trait development.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970534)Zhejiang Science and Technology Major Program on Agricultural New Variety Breeding(2021C02064)the National Youth Talent Support Program。
文摘The plant hormone jasmonate(JA)regulates plant growth and immunity by orchestrating a genome-wide transcriptional reprogramming.In the resting stage,JASMONATE-ZIM DOMAIN(JAZ)proteins act as main repressors to regulate the expression of JA-responsive genes in the JA signaling pathway.However,the mechanisms underlying de-repression of JA-responsive genes in response to JA treatment remain elusive.Here,we report two nuclear factor Y transcription factors NF-YB2 and NF-YB3(thereafter YB2 and YB3)play key roles in such de-repression in Arabidopsis.YB2 and YB3 function redundantly and positively regulate plant resistance against the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea,which are specially required for transcriptional activation of a set of JA-responsive genes following inoculation.Furthermore,YB2 and YB3 modulated their expression through direct occupancy and interaction with histone demethylase Ref6 to remove repressive histone modifications.Moreover,YB2 and YB3 physically interacted with JAZ repressors and negatively modulated their abundance,which in turn attenuated the inhibition of JAZ proteins on the transcription of JA-responsive genes,thereby activating JA response and promoting disease resistance.Overall,our study reveals the positive regulators of YB2 and YB3 in JA signaling by positively regulating transcription of JA-responsive genes and negatively modulating the abundance of JAZ proteins.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program [Grant No.2018YFD1000200]the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant Nos.31872941,32072543]+2 种基金the Construction of Beijing Science and Technology Innovation and Service Capacity in Top Subjects [Grant No.CEFFPXM2019_014207_000032]the 111 Project [Grant No.B17043]the Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops,Ministry of Education。
文摘The regulation of apple(Malus domestica)fruit texture during ripening is complex and a fundamental determinant of its commercial quality.In climacteric fruit,ripening-related processes are regulated by ethylene(ET),and jasmonate(JA)is also involved in the ethylene biosynthesis pathway,mainly through the transcription factor MYC2.However,the molecular genetic mechanism for fruit ripening processes between the JA and ET signaling pathways still needs to be elucidated.In order to explore how JA regulates apple fruit ripening through ERF4,we used’Gala’and’Ralls Janet’fruit at different developmental stages as experimental materials to determine the fruit firmness and related gene expression analysis.Meanwhile,we carried out different hormone treatments on’Gala’fruit at ripening stage.Here,we show that ERF4 is a core JA signaling hub protein JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN(JAZ)interactor that affects ethylene signaling pathways.During fruit development,ERF4 represses the expression of ACS1 and ACO1 by interacting with JAZ,as well as with the JA-activated transcription factor MYC2.Ripening is promoted in JAZ-suppressed apples.Thus,ERF4 acts as a molecular link between ethylene and JA hormone signals,and the natural variation of the ERF4Ethylene-responsive binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression(EAR)motif decreases repression of ethylene biosynthesis genes.
基金supported by the Van Andel Institute(to K.M.)the National Science Foundation(NSF+6 种基金MCB-1922846 to K.M.)the Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province(NY-035 to F.Z.)the Fok Ying Tong Education Foundation(161022 to F.Z.)the National Institutes of Health(grant R01 GM57795 to G.A.H.)the Chemical Sciences,Geosciences,and Biosciences Division,Basic Energy Sciences,Office of Science at the U.S.Department of Energy(grant DE–FG02–91ER20021 to G.A.H.for infrastructure support)the Michigan State University Plant Resilience Institute(for support of L.V.-C.)the Michigan AgBioResearch Project(grant MICL02278 to G.A.H.).
文摘Jasmonates(JAs)are plant hormones with crucial roles in development and stress resilience.They activate MYC transcription factors by mediating the proteolysis of MYC inhibitors called JAZ proteins.In the absence of JA,JAZ proteins bind and inhibit MYC through the assembly of MYC–JAZ–Novel Interactor of JAZ(NINJA)–TPL repressor complexes.However,JAZ and NINJA are predicted to be largely intrinsically unstructured,which has precluded their experimental structure determination.Through a combination of biochemical,mutational,and biophysical analyses and AlphaFold-derived ColabFold modeling,we characterized JAZ–JAZ and JAZ–NINJA interactions and generated models with detailed,high-confidence domain interfaces.We demonstrate that JAZ,NINJA,and MYC interface domains are dynamic in isolation and become stabilized in a stepwise order upon complex assembly.By contrast,most JAZ and NINJA regions outside of the interfaces remain highly dynamic and cannot be modeled in a single conformation.Our data indicate that the small JAZ Zinc finger expressed in Inflorescence Meristem(ZIM)motif mediates JAZ–JAZ and JAZ–NINJA interactions through separate surfaces,and our data further suggest that NINJA modulates JAZ dimerization.This study advances our understanding of JA signaling by providing insights into the dynamics,interactions,and structure of the JAZ–NINJA core of the JA repressor complex.
基金supported in part by funding from Chinese Academy of Sciences,National Natural Foundation of China(grant no.31970533)Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences.
文摘Jasmonate(JA)regulates various aspects of plant growth and development and stress responses,with prominent roles in male reproductive development and defenses against herbivores and necrotrophic pathogens.JASMONATE-ZIM DOMAIN(JAZ)proteins are key regulators in the JA signaling pathway and function to repress the expression of JA-responsive genes.Here,we show that JAZ proteins directly interact with several chromatin-associated Polycomb proteins to mediate repressive chromatin modifications at JA-responsive genes and,thus,their transcriptional repression in Arabidopsis.Genetic analyses revealed that the developmental defects,including anther and pollen abnormalities,resulting from loss or block of JA signaling were partially rescued by loss of Polycomb protein-mediated chromatin silencing(Polycomb repression).We further found that JAZ-mediated transcriptional repression during anther and pollen development requires Polycomb proteins at four key Regulatory loci.Analysis of genome-wide occupancy of a Polycomb factor and transcriptome reprogramming in response to JA revealed that Polycomb repression is involved in the repression of various JA-responsive genes.Taken together,our study reveals an important chromatin-based mechanism for JAZ-mediated transcriptional repression and JA signaling in plants.
