Background:Congenital heart disease(CHD)is a chronic medical condition often diagnosed at birth and requires surgical intervention,multiple hospitalizations,and lifelong care.This can put significant stress on the fami...Background:Congenital heart disease(CHD)is a chronic medical condition often diagnosed at birth and requires surgical intervention,multiple hospitalizations,and lifelong care.This can put significant stress on the family,leading to altered maternal mental health,bonding and attachment issues,and the potential for child abuse.The purpose of this study is to explore the characteristics of a sample of young children with CHD who experienced hospitalization with concurrent concern for child abuse in a free-standing pediatric tertiary care hos-pital.Methods:Electronic medical records were reviewed for children aged 0–5 years old who were hospitalized with concern for child abuse between 2016 and 2020.Variables were extracted related to the history of presenta-tion,and sociodemographics including SDOH,admission,and discharge condition/follow-up.Descriptive statis-tics were used to characterize the sample and correlations to identify an association with abuse type.Results:Out of 251 hospitalizations involving concern for child abuse,49(19.5%)had a diagnosis of CHD.The majority of cases were neglect(51%),<1 year of age(80%),male(57%),Hispanic ethnicity(45%),and publicly insured(90%).CHD severity was moderate to severe(71%)with multiple co-occurring medical conditions(genetic syn-drome,failure to thrive(FTT),prematurity,history of a feeding tube,developmental delay,and intrauterine drug exposure).Correlations associated with physical abuse were age,maternal mental health,head injury,and history of Child Protective Services(CPS)involvement.Neglect correlated with age,FTT,head injury,history of a feeding tube,previous CPS involvement,and substance use.Correlates specifically related to prenatal substance use included age,maternal mental health status,history of domestic violence,CPS involvement,feeding tube,FTT,lack of housing,employment status,and public insurance.Conclusions:Our study highlights the risk for abuse in children with CHD,regardless of defect severity.The most common abuse type was neglect(mostly prenatal展开更多
In the present study we evaluated the effects of chronic exposure to sounds at 22 kHz during pregnancy on the central serotonergic and behavioral parameters in Wistar rat dams after the suckling period and on their ma...In the present study we evaluated the effects of chronic exposure to sounds at 22 kHz during pregnancy on the central serotonergic and behavioral parameters in Wistar rat dams after the suckling period and on their male rat offspring. In addition, we also assessed the effects of an acute 22 kHz sound, associated with the chronic intrauterine exposure, on the emotional responses of adult offspring. The primary hypothesis was that experiencing 22 kHz stimuli during an early stage of development would interfere with brain serotonergic parameters and, later, with the adult rat’s defensive responses. The corollary question was whether a 22 kHz sound exposure would differentially affect inhibitory avoidance and escape responses and central serotonergic parameters. Female rats were divided into four groups: non-pregnant control;non-pregnant chronic exposure;pregnant control;and pregnant chronic exposure. Male offspring were divided into four groups: chronic intrauterine sound exposure;acute sound exposure in adulthood;chronic intrauterine exposure with acute exposure in adulthood;and no exposure. Chronic sound exposure affected inhibitory avoidance and serotonergic parameters in female rats. For offspring, there was an interaction between chronic and acute sound exposure effects on inhibitory avoidance response but not on escape response. There were significant effects of chronic intrauterine exposure on serotonin turnover in the hippocampus and PFC of females. For offspring, the turnover was increased by chronic exposure only in PFC, and in amygdala it was increased by acute exposure. These results illuminate the potential of an early acoustic sound exposure for causing central serotonergic and emotional behavioral changes that can persist into later periods of life.展开更多
文摘目的:探讨2-3-7-8四氯二苯并二噁英(2-3-7-8 Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin,TCDD)宫内暴露对雄性子代生殖毒性的影响及机制。方法:成功交配后,将母鼠随机分组。高剂量组(0.5μg/kg)、低剂量组(0.1μg/kg)和溶剂对照组,每组各6只,TCDD组及对照组于孕8~14 d(gestation day 8-14,GD8-14)采用灌胃方式分别给予TCDD及玉米油处理。孕鼠自然分娩,测量雄性仔鼠肛门至生殖器的距离(anal to genital distance,AGD);计算睾丸的脏器系数;利用精子质量分析仪对仔鼠精子的质量及数量进行分析测定;酶联免疫吸附法对雄性子代血清睾酮(testosterone,T)水平进行测定;测定凋亡相关蛋白Bax、Bcl2、Caspase-3的表达水平。结果:0.1μg/kg组、0.5μg/kg组仔鼠与对照组仔鼠相比,AGD[(1.49±0.04)cm、(1.32±0.01)cm和(1.21±0.02)cm]有所缩短(P=0.000),精子数目[(72.33±4.46)×10^6个/mL、(63.67±3.44)×10^6个/mL、(45.33±5.47)×10^6个/mL]与精子活率[(78.53±1.26)%、(64.40±3.14)%、(53.87±3.65)%]明显降低,精子畸形率[(2.17±0.75)%、(4.83±0.75)%、(8.00±1.10)%]升高(P=0.000),血清中T水平[(2.68±0.06)ng/mL、(2.38±0.08)ng/mL和(2.10±0.09)ng/mL]明显下降(P=0.000),差异均有统计学意义,0.5μg/kg TCDD组雄性仔鼠的睾丸质量(P=0.001)和睾丸脏器系数(P=0.004)降低的差异有统计学意义;睾丸组织细胞Bax蛋白相对表达量(0.836±0.004、1.185±0.004、1.414±0.001)随染毒剂量的递增而上升(P=0.000),Bcl-2(1.368±0.053、1.108±0.040、0.751±0.022)则相反(P=0.001),同时,0.5μg/kg TCDD染毒组Pro-Caspase-3蛋白表达明显降低,但CleavedCaspase-3蛋白表达明显增加(P=0.000)。结论:宫内暴露TCDD可使雄性仔鼠出现雌性化特征,影响雄性仔鼠生育能力,对雄性子代具有生殖毒性,其机制可能与仔鼠睾丸组织细胞增殖-凋亡失衡和细胞凋亡的线粒体通路被激活有关。
文摘Background:Congenital heart disease(CHD)is a chronic medical condition often diagnosed at birth and requires surgical intervention,multiple hospitalizations,and lifelong care.This can put significant stress on the family,leading to altered maternal mental health,bonding and attachment issues,and the potential for child abuse.The purpose of this study is to explore the characteristics of a sample of young children with CHD who experienced hospitalization with concurrent concern for child abuse in a free-standing pediatric tertiary care hos-pital.Methods:Electronic medical records were reviewed for children aged 0–5 years old who were hospitalized with concern for child abuse between 2016 and 2020.Variables were extracted related to the history of presenta-tion,and sociodemographics including SDOH,admission,and discharge condition/follow-up.Descriptive statis-tics were used to characterize the sample and correlations to identify an association with abuse type.Results:Out of 251 hospitalizations involving concern for child abuse,49(19.5%)had a diagnosis of CHD.The majority of cases were neglect(51%),<1 year of age(80%),male(57%),Hispanic ethnicity(45%),and publicly insured(90%).CHD severity was moderate to severe(71%)with multiple co-occurring medical conditions(genetic syn-drome,failure to thrive(FTT),prematurity,history of a feeding tube,developmental delay,and intrauterine drug exposure).Correlations associated with physical abuse were age,maternal mental health,head injury,and history of Child Protective Services(CPS)involvement.Neglect correlated with age,FTT,head injury,history of a feeding tube,previous CPS involvement,and substance use.Correlates specifically related to prenatal substance use included age,maternal mental health status,history of domestic violence,CPS involvement,feeding tube,FTT,lack of housing,employment status,and public insurance.Conclusions:Our study highlights the risk for abuse in children with CHD,regardless of defect severity.The most common abuse type was neglect(mostly prenatal
文摘In the present study we evaluated the effects of chronic exposure to sounds at 22 kHz during pregnancy on the central serotonergic and behavioral parameters in Wistar rat dams after the suckling period and on their male rat offspring. In addition, we also assessed the effects of an acute 22 kHz sound, associated with the chronic intrauterine exposure, on the emotional responses of adult offspring. The primary hypothesis was that experiencing 22 kHz stimuli during an early stage of development would interfere with brain serotonergic parameters and, later, with the adult rat’s defensive responses. The corollary question was whether a 22 kHz sound exposure would differentially affect inhibitory avoidance and escape responses and central serotonergic parameters. Female rats were divided into four groups: non-pregnant control;non-pregnant chronic exposure;pregnant control;and pregnant chronic exposure. Male offspring were divided into four groups: chronic intrauterine sound exposure;acute sound exposure in adulthood;chronic intrauterine exposure with acute exposure in adulthood;and no exposure. Chronic sound exposure affected inhibitory avoidance and serotonergic parameters in female rats. For offspring, there was an interaction between chronic and acute sound exposure effects on inhibitory avoidance response but not on escape response. There were significant effects of chronic intrauterine exposure on serotonin turnover in the hippocampus and PFC of females. For offspring, the turnover was increased by chronic exposure only in PFC, and in amygdala it was increased by acute exposure. These results illuminate the potential of an early acoustic sound exposure for causing central serotonergic and emotional behavioral changes that can persist into later periods of life.
