AIM： To evaluate the efficacy of interruption of intrauterine infection of HBV with HBIG in pregnant women with positive HBeAg and HBsAg.METHODS： A prospective randomized controlled trial was adopted. Sixty cases wi...AIM： To evaluate the efficacy of interruption of intrauterine infection of HBV with HBIG in pregnant women with positive HBeAg and HBsAg.METHODS： A prospective randomized controlled trial was adopted. Sixty cases with positive HBeAg and HBsAg were coincident with the criteria of inclusion, and 8 cases were excluded. Fifty-two cases were analyzed （28 cases in trial group and 24 in control group）. All cases in trial group received 200 IU HBIG intravenously every 4 wk for 3 times from the 28^th wk. The cases of control group received placebo in the same way. All pregnant women were detected for HBeAg and HBV-DNA at the beginning of the trial and end of the trial （delivery）. The cord blood of all newborns were collected for detecting HBeAg and HBV-DNA simultaneously.RESULTS： For investigation of HBeAg of newborns in trial group, 6 of 28 cases of newborns had positive HBeAg, the HBeAg positive rate being 21.4%, the total rate of 95% CI being 8%-41%. In control group, 19 of 24 cases of newborns had positive HBeAg, HBeAg positive rate was 79.2%, the rate of 95%CI being 5%-93%. By statistical analysis, 2= 17.26, P 〈 0.01, RR = 0.27, 95% CI （6.3 × 10^-6, 8.6 × 10^-5）. For investigation of HBV-DNA of newborns in trial group, 7 of 28 cases of newborns had positive HBV-DNA, HBV-DNA positive rate being 25%, the total rate of 95% CI being 11%-45%. In control group, 20 of 24 cases of newborns had positive HBV-DNA, HBV-DNA positive rate was 83.3%, the total rate of 95% CI being 63%-95%. By statistical analysis, X^2 = 17.62, P 〈 0.01, RR = 0.30, 95% CI （1.5 × 10^-5, 1.7× 10^-4）. The results indicated that there was significant difference in HBeAg positive rate and HBV-DNA positive rate of newborns between the two groups. In trial group, 7 of 28 newborns had HBV-DNA positive, but the HBV-DNA load of newborns was lower than that of their mothers. In control group, 20 of 24 newborns still had HBV-DNA positive, and the HBV-DNA load of newborns was close to those of their mothers. Statistical analysis ind展开更多
Background Fine-scale mapping of schistosomiasis to guide micro-targeting of interventions will gain importance in elimination settings,where the heterogeneity of transmission is often pronounced.Novel mobile applicat...Background Fine-scale mapping of schistosomiasis to guide micro-targeting of interventions will gain importance in elimination settings,where the heterogeneity of transmission is often pronounced.Novel mobile applications offer new opportunities for disease mapping.We provide a practical introduction and documentation of the strengths and shortcomings of GPS-based household identification and participant recruitment using tablet-based applications for fine-scale schistosomiasis mapping at sub-district level in a remote area in Pemba,Tanzania.Methods A community-based household survey for urogenital schistosomiasis assessment was conducted from November 2020 until February 2021 in 20 small administrative areas in Pemba.For the survey,1400 housing structures were prospectively and randomly selected from shapefile data.To identify pre-selected structures and collect survey-related data,field enumerators searched for the houses’geolocation using the mobile applications Open Data Kit(ODK)and MAPS.ME.The number of inhabited and uninhabited structures,the median distance between the pre-selected and recorded locations,and the dropout rates due to non-participation or non-submission of urine samples of sufficient volume for schistosomiasis testing was assessed.Results Among the 1400 randomly selected housing structures,1396(99.7%)were identified by the enumerators.The median distance between the pre-selected and recorded structures was 5.4 m.A total of 1098(78.7%)were residential houses.Among them,99(9.0%)were dropped due to continuous absence of residents and 40(3.6%)households refused to participate.In 797(83.1%)among the 959 participating households,all eligible household members or all but one provided a urine sample of sufficient volume.Conclusions The fine-scale mapping approach using a combination of ODK and an offline navigation application installed on tablet computers allows a very precise identification of housing structures.Dropouts due to non-residential housing structures,absence,non-participation and lac展开更多
Recombinant DNA Yeast-Derived Hepatitis B Vaccine (RYHB vaccine) is comparable to and can replace Plasma-Derived Hepatitis B Vaccine (PHB vaccine) for the prevention of mother-nfant transmission of hepatitis B virus (...Recombinant DNA Yeast-Derived Hepatitis B Vaccine (RYHB vaccine) is comparable to and can replace Plasma-Derived Hepatitis B Vaccine (PHB vaccine) for the prevention of mother-nfant transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV), but the duration of immune efficacy of RYHB vaccine is not clear. This study indicates the long-term efficacy for the prevention of mother-infant transmission of HBV. One hundred and six neonates born to HBsAg-arrier mothers with HBeAg positive were randomly divided into two groups, one receiving 20 μg per dose of RYHB vaccine and the another receiving 20 μg per dose of PHB vaccine on the day of birth, at 1 month and at 6 months (three times). Physical examination and blood tests were performed for all infants at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months of age. The results showed that the protective efficacies at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months were 67%, 75%, 63%, 62%, 57% and 56%, respectively for the RYHB vaccine group and 58%, 76%, 51%, 41%, 24% and 18%, respectively for the PHB vaccine group. The protective efficacy was notably significant in the last two years. The study indicates that the duration of protective efficacy is over 5 years with RYHB vaccine, being longer than that of PHB vaccine. These recipients of RYHB vaccine showed no side effects, and the vaccine is regarded as safe and effective.展开更多
Objective To study the interruptive effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) specific immunolobulin (HBIG) before delivery in attempt to prevent intrauterine transmission of HBV.Methods Nine hundred and eighty HBsAg carri...Objective To study the interruptive effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) specific immunolobulin (HBIG) before delivery in attempt to prevent intrauterine transmission of HBV.Methods Nine hundred and eighty HBsAg carrier pregnant women were randomly divided into HBIG group and control group. Each subject in the HBIG group received 200 IU or 400 IU of HBIG intramuscularly at 3, 2 and 1 month before delivery. The subjects in the control group did not receive any specific treatment. All newborn infants received 100 IU of HBIG intramascularly after venous blood samples were taken at birth and 2 weeks after birth, followed by 30 μg plasma-derived HB vaccine or 5 μg recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine at 1, 2 and 7 months of age. Blood tests were performed for all the lying-in women and their neonates. Blood specimens were tested for HBsAg and HBeAg by enzyme immunoassay. All infants were followed up for 1 year.Results In the HBIG group, 491 neonates were born to 487 HBV carrier mothers; and in the control group, 496 neonates were born to 493 HBV carrier mothers. The rates of intrauterine transmission in the two groups were 14.3% and 5.7% respectively (χ2=20.280, P<0.001), and the rates of chronic hepatitis B in the two groups were 2.2% and 7.3% respectively (χ2=13.696, P<0.001). The high risk factors of intrauterine HBV infection included HBsAg HBeAg double positive and HBV DNA positive in the peripheral blood of pregnant women.Conclusion HBV infection in the uterus may be interrupted by injecting multiple intramuscular HBIG injections before delivery without causing any side-effects.展开更多
基金Supported by the office of Science and Technology of Xinjiang,No.960505003
文摘AIM： To evaluate the efficacy of interruption of intrauterine infection of HBV with HBIG in pregnant women with positive HBeAg and HBsAg.METHODS： A prospective randomized controlled trial was adopted. Sixty cases with positive HBeAg and HBsAg were coincident with the criteria of inclusion, and 8 cases were excluded. Fifty-two cases were analyzed （28 cases in trial group and 24 in control group）. All cases in trial group received 200 IU HBIG intravenously every 4 wk for 3 times from the 28^th wk. The cases of control group received placebo in the same way. All pregnant women were detected for HBeAg and HBV-DNA at the beginning of the trial and end of the trial （delivery）. The cord blood of all newborns were collected for detecting HBeAg and HBV-DNA simultaneously.RESULTS： For investigation of HBeAg of newborns in trial group, 6 of 28 cases of newborns had positive HBeAg, the HBeAg positive rate being 21.4%, the total rate of 95% CI being 8%-41%. In control group, 19 of 24 cases of newborns had positive HBeAg, HBeAg positive rate was 79.2%, the rate of 95%CI being 5%-93%. By statistical analysis, 2= 17.26, P 〈 0.01, RR = 0.27, 95% CI （6.3 × 10^-6, 8.6 × 10^-5）. For investigation of HBV-DNA of newborns in trial group, 7 of 28 cases of newborns had positive HBV-DNA, HBV-DNA positive rate being 25%, the total rate of 95% CI being 11%-45%. In control group, 20 of 24 cases of newborns had positive HBV-DNA, HBV-DNA positive rate was 83.3%, the total rate of 95% CI being 63%-95%. By statistical analysis, X^2 = 17.62, P 〈 0.01, RR = 0.30, 95% CI （1.5 × 10^-5, 1.7× 10^-4）. The results indicated that there was significant difference in HBeAg positive rate and HBV-DNA positive rate of newborns between the two groups. In trial group, 7 of 28 newborns had HBV-DNA positive, but the HBV-DNA load of newborns was lower than that of their mothers. In control group, 20 of 24 newborns still had HBV-DNA positive, and the HBV-DNA load of newborns was close to those of their mothers. Statistical analysis ind
文摘Background Fine-scale mapping of schistosomiasis to guide micro-targeting of interventions will gain importance in elimination settings,where the heterogeneity of transmission is often pronounced.Novel mobile applications offer new opportunities for disease mapping.We provide a practical introduction and documentation of the strengths and shortcomings of GPS-based household identification and participant recruitment using tablet-based applications for fine-scale schistosomiasis mapping at sub-district level in a remote area in Pemba,Tanzania.Methods A community-based household survey for urogenital schistosomiasis assessment was conducted from November 2020 until February 2021 in 20 small administrative areas in Pemba.For the survey,1400 housing structures were prospectively and randomly selected from shapefile data.To identify pre-selected structures and collect survey-related data,field enumerators searched for the houses’geolocation using the mobile applications Open Data Kit(ODK)and MAPS.ME.The number of inhabited and uninhabited structures,the median distance between the pre-selected and recorded locations,and the dropout rates due to non-participation or non-submission of urine samples of sufficient volume for schistosomiasis testing was assessed.Results Among the 1400 randomly selected housing structures,1396(99.7%)were identified by the enumerators.The median distance between the pre-selected and recorded structures was 5.4 m.A total of 1098(78.7%)were residential houses.Among them,99(9.0%)were dropped due to continuous absence of residents and 40(3.6%)households refused to participate.In 797(83.1%)among the 959 participating households,all eligible household members or all but one provided a urine sample of sufficient volume.Conclusions The fine-scale mapping approach using a combination of ODK and an offline navigation application installed on tablet computers allows a very precise identification of housing structures.Dropouts due to non-residential housing structures,absence,non-participation and lac
文摘Recombinant DNA Yeast-Derived Hepatitis B Vaccine (RYHB vaccine) is comparable to and can replace Plasma-Derived Hepatitis B Vaccine (PHB vaccine) for the prevention of mother-nfant transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV), but the duration of immune efficacy of RYHB vaccine is not clear. This study indicates the long-term efficacy for the prevention of mother-infant transmission of HBV. One hundred and six neonates born to HBsAg-arrier mothers with HBeAg positive were randomly divided into two groups, one receiving 20 μg per dose of RYHB vaccine and the another receiving 20 μg per dose of PHB vaccine on the day of birth, at 1 month and at 6 months (three times). Physical examination and blood tests were performed for all infants at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months of age. The results showed that the protective efficacies at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months were 67%, 75%, 63%, 62%, 57% and 56%, respectively for the RYHB vaccine group and 58%, 76%, 51%, 41%, 24% and 18%, respectively for the PHB vaccine group. The protective efficacy was notably significant in the last two years. The study indicates that the duration of protective efficacy is over 5 years with RYHB vaccine, being longer than that of PHB vaccine. These recipients of RYHB vaccine showed no side effects, and the vaccine is regarded as safe and effective.
基金TheresearchwassupportedbyagrantfromtheMinistryofPublicHealth ,China (No 970 30 2 2 3) .
文摘Objective To study the interruptive effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) specific immunolobulin (HBIG) before delivery in attempt to prevent intrauterine transmission of HBV.Methods Nine hundred and eighty HBsAg carrier pregnant women were randomly divided into HBIG group and control group. Each subject in the HBIG group received 200 IU or 400 IU of HBIG intramuscularly at 3, 2 and 1 month before delivery. The subjects in the control group did not receive any specific treatment. All newborn infants received 100 IU of HBIG intramascularly after venous blood samples were taken at birth and 2 weeks after birth, followed by 30 μg plasma-derived HB vaccine or 5 μg recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine at 1, 2 and 7 months of age. Blood tests were performed for all the lying-in women and their neonates. Blood specimens were tested for HBsAg and HBeAg by enzyme immunoassay. All infants were followed up for 1 year.Results In the HBIG group, 491 neonates were born to 487 HBV carrier mothers; and in the control group, 496 neonates were born to 493 HBV carrier mothers. The rates of intrauterine transmission in the two groups were 14.3% and 5.7% respectively (χ2=20.280, P<0.001), and the rates of chronic hepatitis B in the two groups were 2.2% and 7.3% respectively (χ2=13.696, P<0.001). The high risk factors of intrauterine HBV infection included HBsAg HBeAg double positive and HBV DNA positive in the peripheral blood of pregnant women.Conclusion HBV infection in the uterus may be interrupted by injecting multiple intramuscular HBIG injections before delivery without causing any side-effects.
