To estimate the internal dose of a Chinese visiting scholar internally contaminated because of the Cherno- byl Accident, the contents of 134Cs and 137Cs in urine were measured using a Ge(Li) γ-spectrometer. The inter...To estimate the internal dose of a Chinese visiting scholar internally contaminated because of the Cherno- byl Accident, the contents of 134Cs and 137Cs in urine were measured using a Ge(Li) γ-spectrometer. The internal doses were calculated based on data from the ICRP Publications. The effective doses from 134Cs and 137Cs were estimated to be 61 μSv and 98 μ Sv, respectively. The sum of 159 μSv was lower than the total effective dose (310 μSv), from the inhalation and ingestion of natural radionuclides. The dose of 131I was also reviewed referring to the UNSCEAR 2000 Report. The equivalent effective dose of 131I was estimated to be 2.9 mSv, 18 times more than the amount of 134Cs and 137Cs. Therefore, it is considered that the earlier estimation of internal doses of 131I is important in evaluating radiation injuries from a nuclear reactor accident.展开更多
目的构建氯化镍腹腔注射染毒大鼠的生理毒代动力学(physiologically based toxicokinetic,PBTK)模型,估计氯化镍染毒后不同脏器的组织分配系数,外推构建职业人群呼吸道一次性镍暴露的PBTK模型,预测镍暴露后其在人体内的分布特征。方法...目的构建氯化镍腹腔注射染毒大鼠的生理毒代动力学(physiologically based toxicokinetic,PBTK)模型,估计氯化镍染毒后不同脏器的组织分配系数,外推构建职业人群呼吸道一次性镍暴露的PBTK模型,预测镍暴露后其在人体内的分布特征。方法通过构建大鼠氯化镍染毒PBTK模型并结合大鼠镍染毒后的矢量数据,应用Acslx软件对镍染毒后大鼠不同组织器官的分配系数进行拟合,外推建立职业人群呼吸道暴露镍的PBTK模型。结果构建了大鼠氯化镍腹腔注射染毒的PBTK模型,估计出镍在大鼠不同脏器的组织分配系数,分别是肾/血分配系数最高为0.668,肺/血分配系数为0.102,脾/血分配系数为0.037,肝/血分配系数为0.028,心/血分配系数为0.022,脑/血分配系数最低为0.006。外推构建了职业人群呼吸道暴露0.1 mg/m^3镍8 h的PBTK模型,结果显示肾脏中镍含量最高,8 h高达3.328μg/kg,其次是脾脏(0.185μg/kg)、肝脏(0.140μg/kg)和心脏(0.110μg/kg),脑中含量最低为0.030μg/kg,肾脏为镍离子主要的代谢器官。结论 PBTK模型能够较好地预测镍在职业人群体内的分布特征,阐明镍分布的时间-内剂量关系。展开更多
基金Partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30370442).
文摘To estimate the internal dose of a Chinese visiting scholar internally contaminated because of the Cherno- byl Accident, the contents of 134Cs and 137Cs in urine were measured using a Ge(Li) γ-spectrometer. The internal doses were calculated based on data from the ICRP Publications. The effective doses from 134Cs and 137Cs were estimated to be 61 μSv and 98 μ Sv, respectively. The sum of 159 μSv was lower than the total effective dose (310 μSv), from the inhalation and ingestion of natural radionuclides. The dose of 131I was also reviewed referring to the UNSCEAR 2000 Report. The equivalent effective dose of 131I was estimated to be 2.9 mSv, 18 times more than the amount of 134Cs and 137Cs. Therefore, it is considered that the earlier estimation of internal doses of 131I is important in evaluating radiation injuries from a nuclear reactor accident.
