利用常规气象观测站、地面加密自动站及NCEP再分析资料对2012年7月21日北京地区特大暴雨(简称"7.21"过程)不稳定能量进行诊断分析。结果表明:北京地区"7.21"暴雨过程中西南低空急流对水汽和不稳定能量的输送使对流...利用常规气象观测站、地面加密自动站及NCEP再分析资料对2012年7月21日北京地区特大暴雨(简称"7.21"过程)不稳定能量进行诊断分析。结果表明:北京地区"7.21"暴雨过程中西南低空急流对水汽和不稳定能量的输送使对流有效位能迅速增加;暴雨发生时假相当位温的垂直分布几乎与等压面垂直,暴雨过程中伴有大量的凝结潜热释放,对对流层中层起到加热作用,甚至出现了位势稳定的情况。单站探空资料的分析表明,低层存在明显的逆温层,有利于前期不稳定能量的积累;暴雨发生前对流有效位能达2089 J·kg-1,能量平衡高度为160 h Pa,正超能的分析也表明北京地区"7.21"过程为特大暴雨的能量特征。当强度为1.2×10-4s的气旋性涡度靠近北京地区时,有利于不稳定能量的释放。展开更多
When the thicknesses of thin films reduce to microns or even nanometers, surface energy and surface interaction often play a significant role in their deformation behavior and surface morphology. The spinodal surface ...When the thicknesses of thin films reduce to microns or even nanometers, surface energy and surface interaction often play a significant role in their deformation behavior and surface morphology. The spinodal surface instability induced by the van der Waals force in a soft elastic thin film perfectly bonded to a rigid substrate is investigated theoretically using the bifurcation theory of elastic structures. The analytical solution is derived for the critical condition of spinodal surface morphology instability by accounting for the competition of the van der Waals interaction energy, elastic strain energy and surface energy. Detailed examinations on the effect of surface energy, thickness and elastic properties of the film show that the characteristic wavelength of the deformation bifurcation mode depends on the film thickness via an exponential relation, with the power index in the range from 0.749 to 1.0. The theoretical solution has a good agreement with relevant experiment results.展开更多
We study the nonlinear stage of modulation instability(MI)in the non-intergrable pure-quartic nonlinear Schrödinger equation where the fourth-order dispersion is modulated periodically.Using the three-mode trunca...We study the nonlinear stage of modulation instability(MI)in the non-intergrable pure-quartic nonlinear Schrödinger equation where the fourth-order dispersion is modulated periodically.Using the three-mode truncation,we reveal the complex recurrence of parametric resonance(PR)breathers,where each recurrence is associated with two oscillation periods(PR period and internal oscillation period).The nonlinear stage of parametric instability admits the maximum energy exchange between the spectrum sidebands and central mode occurring outside the MI gain band.展开更多
This study investigates the influence of airflow transport pathways on seasonal rainfall in the mountainous region of the Liupan Mountains(LM) during the rainy seasons from 2020 to 2022, utilizing observational data f...This study investigates the influence of airflow transport pathways on seasonal rainfall in the mountainous region of the Liupan Mountains(LM) during the rainy seasons from 2020 to 2022, utilizing observational data from seven ground gradient stations located on the eastern slopes, western slopes, and mountaintops combined with backward trajectory cluster analysis. The results indicate 1) that the LM's rainy season, characterized by overcast and rainy days, is mainly influenced by cold and moist airflows(CMAs) from the westerly direction and warm and moist airflows(WMAs) from a slightly southern direction. The precipitation amounts under four airflow transport paths are ranked from largest to smallest as follows: WMAs, CMAs, warm dry airflows(WDAs), and cold dry airflows(CDAs). 2) WMAs contribute significantly more to the intensity of regional precipitation than the other three types of airflows. During localized precipitation events,warm airflows have higher precipitation intensities at night than cold airflows, while the opposite is true during the afternoon. 3) During regional precipitation events, water vapor content is the primary influencing factor. Precipitation characteristics under humid airflows are mainly affected by high water vapor content, whereas during dry airflow precipitation, dynamic and thermodynamic factors have a more pronounced impact. 4) During localized precipitation events, the influence of dynamic and thermodynamic factors is more complex than during regional precipitation, with the precipitation characteristics of the four airflows closely related to their water vapor content, air temperature and humidity attributes, and orographic lifting. 5) Compared to regional precipitation, the influence of topography is more prominent in localized precipitation processes.展开更多
文摘利用常规气象观测站、地面加密自动站及NCEP再分析资料对2012年7月21日北京地区特大暴雨(简称"7.21"过程)不稳定能量进行诊断分析。结果表明:北京地区"7.21"暴雨过程中西南低空急流对水汽和不稳定能量的输送使对流有效位能迅速增加;暴雨发生时假相当位温的垂直分布几乎与等压面垂直,暴雨过程中伴有大量的凝结潜热释放,对对流层中层起到加热作用,甚至出现了位势稳定的情况。单站探空资料的分析表明,低层存在明显的逆温层,有利于前期不稳定能量的积累;暴雨发生前对流有效位能达2089 J·kg-1,能量平衡高度为160 h Pa,正超能的分析也表明北京地区"7.21"过程为特大暴雨的能量特征。当强度为1.2×10-4s的气旋性涡度靠近北京地区时,有利于不稳定能量的释放。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10525210 and 10732050)973 Project(2004CB619303)
文摘When the thicknesses of thin films reduce to microns or even nanometers, surface energy and surface interaction often play a significant role in their deformation behavior and surface morphology. The spinodal surface instability induced by the van der Waals force in a soft elastic thin film perfectly bonded to a rigid substrate is investigated theoretically using the bifurcation theory of elastic structures. The analytical solution is derived for the critical condition of spinodal surface morphology instability by accounting for the competition of the van der Waals interaction energy, elastic strain energy and surface energy. Detailed examinations on the effect of surface energy, thickness and elastic properties of the film show that the characteristic wavelength of the deformation bifurcation mode depends on the film thickness via an exponential relation, with the power index in the range from 0.749 to 1.0. The theoretical solution has a good agreement with relevant experiment results.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12175178 and 12247103)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province,China(Grant No.2022KJXX-71)the Shaanxi Fundamental Science Research Project for Mathematics and Physics(Grant No.22JSY016).
文摘We study the nonlinear stage of modulation instability(MI)in the non-intergrable pure-quartic nonlinear Schrödinger equation where the fourth-order dispersion is modulated periodically.Using the three-mode truncation,we reveal the complex recurrence of parametric resonance(PR)breathers,where each recurrence is associated with two oscillation periods(PR period and internal oscillation period).The nonlinear stage of parametric instability admits the maximum energy exchange between the spectrum sidebands and central mode occurring outside the MI gain band.
基金supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42075073 and 42075077)。
文摘This study investigates the influence of airflow transport pathways on seasonal rainfall in the mountainous region of the Liupan Mountains(LM) during the rainy seasons from 2020 to 2022, utilizing observational data from seven ground gradient stations located on the eastern slopes, western slopes, and mountaintops combined with backward trajectory cluster analysis. The results indicate 1) that the LM's rainy season, characterized by overcast and rainy days, is mainly influenced by cold and moist airflows(CMAs) from the westerly direction and warm and moist airflows(WMAs) from a slightly southern direction. The precipitation amounts under four airflow transport paths are ranked from largest to smallest as follows: WMAs, CMAs, warm dry airflows(WDAs), and cold dry airflows(CDAs). 2) WMAs contribute significantly more to the intensity of regional precipitation than the other three types of airflows. During localized precipitation events,warm airflows have higher precipitation intensities at night than cold airflows, while the opposite is true during the afternoon. 3) During regional precipitation events, water vapor content is the primary influencing factor. Precipitation characteristics under humid airflows are mainly affected by high water vapor content, whereas during dry airflow precipitation, dynamic and thermodynamic factors have a more pronounced impact. 4) During localized precipitation events, the influence of dynamic and thermodynamic factors is more complex than during regional precipitation, with the precipitation characteristics of the four airflows closely related to their water vapor content, air temperature and humidity attributes, and orographic lifting. 5) Compared to regional precipitation, the influence of topography is more prominent in localized precipitation processes.
