AcNPV (Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus) and BmNPV(Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus) are two principal insect-baculovirus expression systems, each having different characteristics. AcNPV has a w...AcNPV (Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus) and BmNPV(Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus) are two principal insect-baculovirus expression systems, each having different characteristics. AcNPV has a wider host range and can infect a series of cell lines thus making it suitable for cell suspension culture expression, but the small size of the host insect, A. californica, makes AcNPV less suitable for large scale protein synthesis. In contrast, BmNPV can only infect the silkworm, Bombyx mori, which is well-known for its easy rearing and large size. These characteristics make the BmNPV system especially suitable for large-scale industrial ex-pression. To utilize the advantages of both AcNPV and BmNPV, we tried to expand their host range through homologous recombination and successfully constructed a hybrid baculovirus of AcNPV and BmNPV, designated as HyNPV. The hybrid baculovirus can infect the hosts of both AcNPV and BmNPV. Taking the human basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) gene as an appli-cation example, we constructed a recombinant, HyNPV-bFGF. This construct is able to express the bFGF protein both in silkworm larvae and in common-use cell lines, sf21, sf9 and High-five. Moreover, to reduce the loss of recombinant protein due to degradation by proteases that are simultaneously expressed by the baculovirus, we knocked out the cysteinase gene coding for one of the most important baculovirus proteases. This knockout mutation improves the produc-tion efficiency of the bFGF recombinant protein.展开更多
Lac insect, wax scale and gall aphids are the important resource insects in China. Host plant is not only the habitant and reproductive sites for resource insects but also their food resource. The species of host plan...Lac insect, wax scale and gall aphids are the important resource insects in China. Host plant is not only the habitant and reproductive sites for resource insects but also their food resource. The species of host plant are various, and some of them are excellent hosts. The host plant species were extensively collected from the major production regions of lac, wax and Chinese gallnut, and then reproduced in Jingdong of Yunnan where locates in the southern subtropical region. It has been conserved in the Arboretum of Jingdong Trial Station by Ex situ conservation. More than 200 species, which belong to 98 genuses,36 families of host plant of lac insect, wax scale and gall aphids have been collected over many years. These species are valuable materials available for studying these resource insects and their host plant. From these species, it is possible to develop excellent hosts that can be put into use in production. Also these species is the basic materials to be used in host plant breeding and enhancement and research on their multiple utility. The study was conducted during the period of 1993～1999, and its major results are reported.展开更多
【目的】硅可增强植物对多种植食性昆虫的抗性。本研究旨在了解硅处理对水稻叶鞘硅化程度及其对白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera刺吸和寄主选择行为的影响,以明确施硅增强水稻对白背飞虱的抗性的部分机制。【方法】采用扫描电镜观察施硅水...【目的】硅可增强植物对多种植食性昆虫的抗性。本研究旨在了解硅处理对水稻叶鞘硅化程度及其对白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera刺吸和寄主选择行为的影响,以明确施硅增强水稻对白背飞虱的抗性的部分机制。【方法】采用扫描电镜观察施硅水稻的叶鞘硅化程度;利用刺吸电位技术记录白背飞虱若虫刺吸行为;采用笼罩法测定白背飞虱雌成虫栖息和产卵选择性。【结果】与不施硅的对照相比,硅处理(0.16和0.32 g SiO2/kg土壤)增加了水稻叶鞘硅细胞的数量,延长了白背飞虱若虫刺吸行为中非刺探波和路径波的总时间,缩短了取食韧皮部汁液的时间。在选择性测定中,与对照组相比,白背飞虱雌成虫对0.16和0.32 g SiO2/kg土壤处理的水稻的栖息率分别降低48.0%和67.4%,在其上的产卵量分别降低34.8%和46.1%。【结论】施硅增加水稻对白背飞虱的排驱性,阻碍白背飞虱的刺吸行为,因此有助于增强水稻对白背飞虱的抗性。展开更多
This study contrasts the ovipositional profiles of four members of the Papilio glaucus group, P. glaucus, P. multicaudatus, P. canadensis, and P. rutulus. We used seven choice oviposition bioassays containing leaves f...This study contrasts the ovipositional profiles of four members of the Papilio glaucus group, P. glaucus, P. multicaudatus, P. canadensis, and P. rutulus. We used seven choice oviposition bioassays containing leaves from hosts in seven plant families utilized by members of the P. glaucus group. Specifically, we contrast the overall ovipositional profiles of these species and their acceptance of a host in a novel plant family （Populus tremuloides： Salicaceae） and a host in a putatively ancestral host plant family （Liriodendron tulipifera： Magnoliaceae）. Significant differences were observed between the ovipositional profiles of P. glaucus and P. multicaudatus relative to each other and to P. canadensis and P. rutulus. In contrast, no significant differences were observed between the ovipositional profiles of P. canadensis and P. rutulus, which were also the only species that accepted P. tremuloides. Unlike the acceptance of P. tremuloides, the acceptance of L. tulipifera was present throughout the group despite the inability of the larvae of most species in the group to utilize this host. These results support the prediction of the ＂hierarchical threshold model＂ that ancestral host plants are likely to be retained in the ovipositional hierarchy while novel hosts should only be accepted by derived populations.展开更多
昆虫是世界上种类最为丰富、分布最为广泛的动物类群,其肠道内栖息着复杂且多样的微生物。不同昆虫因肠道结构、肠道内环境、食性、龄期、外界环境不同,肠道内微生物组成与丰度也存在差异。肠道微生物主要通过垂直方向与水平方向在种群...昆虫是世界上种类最为丰富、分布最为广泛的动物类群,其肠道内栖息着复杂且多样的微生物。不同昆虫因肠道结构、肠道内环境、食性、龄期、外界环境不同,肠道内微生物组成与丰度也存在差异。肠道微生物主要通过垂直方向与水平方向在种群与个体间传播,对昆虫宿主营养代谢、生理行为、防御、解毒等诸多方面有重要影响;通过体外培养的方法可从培养基对昆虫肠道微生物进行分离,用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry,MALDI-TOF MS)及16S rRNA基因测序技术等可迅速鉴定微生物;宏基因组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学等多种组学技术联合运用,使得肠道微生物鉴定与功能推测更为高效;体外试验、微生物补充、菌群移植、沉默微生物成员相关基因等试验方法使微生物功能验证更为准确;利用高温处理、溶菌酶处理、无菌饲养处理及抗生素处理等方式能清除肠道内的微生物群落,获得无菌昆虫用于功能验证试验,但当前使用最广的抗生素法在实际应用中仍存在一定局限;利用肠道微生物特性,通过共生菌基因工程防治有害生物与虫媒传染病。目前,昆虫肠道微生物在生态、经济、能源、环保等领域发挥着重要作用,随着新兴技术的发展融合,更多昆虫-微生物互作机制将会被揭示,通过昆虫肠道微生物控制有害生物控制手段也将更为多样、环保和高效。展开更多
文摘AcNPV (Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus) and BmNPV(Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus) are two principal insect-baculovirus expression systems, each having different characteristics. AcNPV has a wider host range and can infect a series of cell lines thus making it suitable for cell suspension culture expression, but the small size of the host insect, A. californica, makes AcNPV less suitable for large scale protein synthesis. In contrast, BmNPV can only infect the silkworm, Bombyx mori, which is well-known for its easy rearing and large size. These characteristics make the BmNPV system especially suitable for large-scale industrial ex-pression. To utilize the advantages of both AcNPV and BmNPV, we tried to expand their host range through homologous recombination and successfully constructed a hybrid baculovirus of AcNPV and BmNPV, designated as HyNPV. The hybrid baculovirus can infect the hosts of both AcNPV and BmNPV. Taking the human basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) gene as an appli-cation example, we constructed a recombinant, HyNPV-bFGF. This construct is able to express the bFGF protein both in silkworm larvae and in common-use cell lines, sf21, sf9 and High-five. Moreover, to reduce the loss of recombinant protein due to degradation by proteases that are simultaneously expressed by the baculovirus, we knocked out the cysteinase gene coding for one of the most important baculovirus proteases. This knockout mutation improves the produc-tion efficiency of the bFGF recombinant protein.
文摘Lac insect, wax scale and gall aphids are the important resource insects in China. Host plant is not only the habitant and reproductive sites for resource insects but also their food resource. The species of host plant are various, and some of them are excellent hosts. The host plant species were extensively collected from the major production regions of lac, wax and Chinese gallnut, and then reproduced in Jingdong of Yunnan where locates in the southern subtropical region. It has been conserved in the Arboretum of Jingdong Trial Station by Ex situ conservation. More than 200 species, which belong to 98 genuses,36 families of host plant of lac insect, wax scale and gall aphids have been collected over many years. These species are valuable materials available for studying these resource insects and their host plant. From these species, it is possible to develop excellent hosts that can be put into use in production. Also these species is the basic materials to be used in host plant breeding and enhancement and research on their multiple utility. The study was conducted during the period of 1993～1999, and its major results are reported.
文摘【目的】硅可增强植物对多种植食性昆虫的抗性。本研究旨在了解硅处理对水稻叶鞘硅化程度及其对白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera刺吸和寄主选择行为的影响,以明确施硅增强水稻对白背飞虱的抗性的部分机制。【方法】采用扫描电镜观察施硅水稻的叶鞘硅化程度;利用刺吸电位技术记录白背飞虱若虫刺吸行为;采用笼罩法测定白背飞虱雌成虫栖息和产卵选择性。【结果】与不施硅的对照相比,硅处理(0.16和0.32 g SiO2/kg土壤)增加了水稻叶鞘硅细胞的数量,延长了白背飞虱若虫刺吸行为中非刺探波和路径波的总时间,缩短了取食韧皮部汁液的时间。在选择性测定中,与对照组相比,白背飞虱雌成虫对0.16和0.32 g SiO2/kg土壤处理的水稻的栖息率分别降低48.0%和67.4%,在其上的产卵量分别降低34.8%和46.1%。【结论】施硅增加水稻对白背飞虱的排驱性,阻碍白背飞虱的刺吸行为,因此有助于增强水稻对白背飞虱的抗性。
文摘This study contrasts the ovipositional profiles of four members of the Papilio glaucus group, P. glaucus, P. multicaudatus, P. canadensis, and P. rutulus. We used seven choice oviposition bioassays containing leaves from hosts in seven plant families utilized by members of the P. glaucus group. Specifically, we contrast the overall ovipositional profiles of these species and their acceptance of a host in a novel plant family （Populus tremuloides： Salicaceae） and a host in a putatively ancestral host plant family （Liriodendron tulipifera： Magnoliaceae）. Significant differences were observed between the ovipositional profiles of P. glaucus and P. multicaudatus relative to each other and to P. canadensis and P. rutulus. In contrast, no significant differences were observed between the ovipositional profiles of P. canadensis and P. rutulus, which were also the only species that accepted P. tremuloides. Unlike the acceptance of P. tremuloides, the acceptance of L. tulipifera was present throughout the group despite the inability of the larvae of most species in the group to utilize this host. These results support the prediction of the ＂hierarchical threshold model＂ that ancestral host plants are likely to be retained in the ovipositional hierarchy while novel hosts should only be accepted by derived populations.
文摘昆虫是世界上种类最为丰富、分布最为广泛的动物类群,其肠道内栖息着复杂且多样的微生物。不同昆虫因肠道结构、肠道内环境、食性、龄期、外界环境不同,肠道内微生物组成与丰度也存在差异。肠道微生物主要通过垂直方向与水平方向在种群与个体间传播,对昆虫宿主营养代谢、生理行为、防御、解毒等诸多方面有重要影响;通过体外培养的方法可从培养基对昆虫肠道微生物进行分离,用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry,MALDI-TOF MS)及16S rRNA基因测序技术等可迅速鉴定微生物;宏基因组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学等多种组学技术联合运用,使得肠道微生物鉴定与功能推测更为高效;体外试验、微生物补充、菌群移植、沉默微生物成员相关基因等试验方法使微生物功能验证更为准确;利用高温处理、溶菌酶处理、无菌饲养处理及抗生素处理等方式能清除肠道内的微生物群落,获得无菌昆虫用于功能验证试验,但当前使用最广的抗生素法在实际应用中仍存在一定局限;利用肠道微生物特性,通过共生菌基因工程防治有害生物与虫媒传染病。目前,昆虫肠道微生物在生态、经济、能源、环保等领域发挥着重要作用,随着新兴技术的发展融合,更多昆虫-微生物互作机制将会被揭示,通过昆虫肠道微生物控制有害生物控制手段也将更为多样、环保和高效。
