There are a large number of smokers who want to quit smoking but have failed in their attempts to do so,with many having been unsuccessful at quitting multiple times over their lifetime.The existing marketed nicotine ...There are a large number of smokers who want to quit smoking but have failed in their attempts to do so,with many having been unsuccessful at quitting multiple times over their lifetime.The existing marketed nicotine replacement therapies(NRT)have only marginal effectiveness and none provide a comparable physiological response to that derived from cigarette smoking;that is,rapid absorption of nicotine from the lung leading to peak levels of nicotine in the bloodstream to target the receptors in the brain.Instead,existing NRTs produce a slower and delayed rise in nicotine blood levels which is less effective at reducing the craving sensations.Published data for electronic cigarettes show that they typically deliver nicotine with a profile closer to that for nicotine patches,with a slow rise that can take 30–60 min,or longer,to reach the same peak nicotine concentration that is produced in less than 3 min from a single cigarette.A number of attempts have been made to develop an inhaled product which would deliver the nicotine through the lung and mimic the physiological response from smoking,but many of them produced intolerable aversive reactions or delivered an ineffective dose.This paper discusses examples of the potential for the recent inhaled nicotine products in development to be effective as NRTs,but is not meant to be a comprehensive review.展开更多
In the paper, the in vitro dissolution of borneol in 12 hours from 6 batches of optimized inhalant samples were investigated. As a new dosage form, the in vitro release apparatus of nasal inhalant was invented and a p...In the paper, the in vitro dissolution of borneol in 12 hours from 6 batches of optimized inhalant samples were investigated. As a new dosage form, the in vitro release apparatus of nasal inhalant was invented and a pushing bump was used according to the simulation of the nose expiration and inspiration. Based on the data of r2 in the profile and similar factor f2 from 6 linear release tendencies, a good controlled release and a zero order tendency were observed. It can be suggested that there is a good correlation between the in vitro controlled release and the nose steady self-controllable expiration and inspiration, which will contribute to the trend of insoluble volatile drug controlled release and the effect of quick absorption in nasal pulmonary delivery to cure severe or acute cardiovascular or lung diseases at patients' sleeping, such as angina or breathing obstruction. Also, it was concluded that the prescription composed of insoluble volatile drugs can be prepared to be nasal inhalant from which drugs can be absorbed through nose steady self-controllable inspiration to the lung then into the blood and have a great effectiveness improvement of bioavailability at night timing drug delivery system.展开更多
文摘There are a large number of smokers who want to quit smoking but have failed in their attempts to do so,with many having been unsuccessful at quitting multiple times over their lifetime.The existing marketed nicotine replacement therapies(NRT)have only marginal effectiveness and none provide a comparable physiological response to that derived from cigarette smoking;that is,rapid absorption of nicotine from the lung leading to peak levels of nicotine in the bloodstream to target the receptors in the brain.Instead,existing NRTs produce a slower and delayed rise in nicotine blood levels which is less effective at reducing the craving sensations.Published data for electronic cigarettes show that they typically deliver nicotine with a profile closer to that for nicotine patches,with a slow rise that can take 30–60 min,or longer,to reach the same peak nicotine concentration that is produced in less than 3 min from a single cigarette.A number of attempts have been made to develop an inhaled product which would deliver the nicotine through the lung and mimic the physiological response from smoking,but many of them produced intolerable aversive reactions or delivered an ineffective dose.This paper discusses examples of the potential for the recent inhaled nicotine products in development to be effective as NRTs,but is not meant to be a comprehensive review.
文摘In the paper, the in vitro dissolution of borneol in 12 hours from 6 batches of optimized inhalant samples were investigated. As a new dosage form, the in vitro release apparatus of nasal inhalant was invented and a pushing bump was used according to the simulation of the nose expiration and inspiration. Based on the data of r2 in the profile and similar factor f2 from 6 linear release tendencies, a good controlled release and a zero order tendency were observed. It can be suggested that there is a good correlation between the in vitro controlled release and the nose steady self-controllable expiration and inspiration, which will contribute to the trend of insoluble volatile drug controlled release and the effect of quick absorption in nasal pulmonary delivery to cure severe or acute cardiovascular or lung diseases at patients' sleeping, such as angina or breathing obstruction. Also, it was concluded that the prescription composed of insoluble volatile drugs can be prepared to be nasal inhalant from which drugs can be absorbed through nose steady self-controllable inspiration to the lung then into the blood and have a great effectiveness improvement of bioavailability at night timing drug delivery system.
