Alzheimer’s disease is a common progressive neurodegenerative disorder, pathologically characterized by the presence of β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Current treatment approaches using drugs only al...Alzheimer’s disease is a common progressive neurodegenerative disorder, pathologically characterized by the presence of β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Current treatment approaches using drugs only alleviate the symptoms without curing the disease, which is a serious issue and influences the quality of life of the patients and their caregivers. In recent years, stem cell technology has provided new insights into the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Currently, the main sources of stem cells include neural stem cells, embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology and general treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, and the current state of stem cell transplantation in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. We also assess future challenges in the clinical application and drug development of stem cell transplantation as a treatment for Alzheimer’s disease.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel diseases are inflammatory, chronic and progressive diseases of the intestinal tract for which no curative treatment is available. Research in other fields with stem cells of different sources and wi...Inflammatory bowel diseases are inflammatory, chronic and progressive diseases of the intestinal tract for which no curative treatment is available. Research in other fields with stem cells of different sources and with immunoregulatory cells(regulatory T-lymphocytes and dendritic T-cells) opens up new expectations for their use in these diseases. The goal for stem cell-based therapy is to provide a permanent cure. To achieve this, it will be necessary to obtain a cellular product, original or genetically modified, that has a high migration capacity and homes into the intestine, has high survival after transplantation, regulates the immune reaction while not being visible to the patient's immune system, and repairs the injured tissue.展开更多
Reprograming somatic cells using exogenetic gene expression represents a groundbreaking step in regenerative medicine. Induced pluripotent stem cells(i PSCs) are expected to yield novel therapies with the potential to...Reprograming somatic cells using exogenetic gene expression represents a groundbreaking step in regenerative medicine. Induced pluripotent stem cells(i PSCs) are expected to yield novel therapies with the potential to solve many issues involving incurable diseases. In particular, applying i PSCs clinically holds the promise of addressing the problems of immune rejection and ethics that have hampered the clinical applications of embryonic stem cells. However, as i PSC research has progressed, new problems have emerged that need to be solved before the routine clinical application of i PSCs can become established. In this review, we discuss the current technologies and future problems of human i PSC generation methods for clinical use.展开更多
The relevance of retinal diseases, both in society's economy and in the quality of people's life who suffer with them, has made stem cell therapy an interesting topic forresearch. Embryonic stem cells(ESCs), i...The relevance of retinal diseases, both in society's economy and in the quality of people's life who suffer with them, has made stem cell therapy an interesting topic forresearch. Embryonic stem cells(ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells(i PSCs) and adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells(ADMSCs) are the focus in current endeavors as a source of different retinal cells, such as photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelial cells. The aim is to apply them for cell replacement as an option for treating retinal diseases which so far are untreatable in their advanced stage. ESCs, despite the great potential for differentiation, have the dangerous risk of teratoma formation as well as ethical issues, which must be resolved before starting a clinical trial. i PSCs, like ESCs, are able to differentiate in to several types of retinal cells. However, the process to get them for personalized cell therapy has a high cost in terms of time and money. Researchers are working to resolve this since i PSCs seem to be a realistic option for treating retinal diseases. ADMSCs have the advantage that the procedures to obtain them are easier. Despite advancements in stem cell application, there are still several challenges that need to be overcome before transferring the research results to clinical application. This paper reviews recent research achievements of the applications of these three types of stem cells as well as clinical trials currently based on them.展开更多
p53 is well known as a "guardian of the genome" for differentiated cells,in which it induces cell cycle arrest and cell death after DNA damage and thus contributes to the maintenance of genomic stability.In ...p53 is well known as a "guardian of the genome" for differentiated cells,in which it induces cell cycle arrest and cell death after DNA damage and thus contributes to the maintenance of genomic stability.In addition to this tumor suppressor function for differentiated cells,p53 also plays an important role in stem cells.In this cell type,p53 not only ensures genomic integrity after genotoxic insults but also controls their proliferation and differentiation.Additionally,p53 provides an effective barrier for the generation of pluripotent stem celllike cells from terminally differentiated cells.In this review,we summarize our current knowledge about p53 activities in embryonic,adult and induced pluripotent stem cells.展开更多
Induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSC)technology has propelled the field of stem cells biology,providing new cells to explore the molecular mechanisms of pluripotency,cancer biology and aging.A major advantage of human ...Induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSC)technology has propelled the field of stem cells biology,providing new cells to explore the molecular mechanisms of pluripotency,cancer biology and aging.A major advantage of human iPSC,compared to the pluripotent embryonic stem cells,is that they can be generated from virtually any embryonic or adult somatic cell type without destruction of human blastocysts.In addition,iPSC can be generated from somatic cells harvested from normal individuals or patients,and used as a cellular tool to unravel mechanisms of human development and to model diseases in a manner not possible before.Besides these fundamental aspects of human biology and physiology that are revealed using iPSC or iPSC-derived cells,these cells hold an immense potential for cell-based therapies,and for the discovery of new or personalized pharmacological treatments for many disorders.Here,we review some of the current challenges and concerns about iPSC technology.We introduce the potential held by iPSC for research and development of novel health-related applications.We briefly present the efforts made by the scientific and clinical communities to create the necessary guidelines and regulations to achieve the highest quality standards in the procedures for iPSC generation,characterization and long-term preservation.Finally,we present some of the audacious and pioneer clinical trials in progress with iPSC-derived cells.展开更多
背景:研究已证实诱导多能干细胞能够定向分化为心肌细胞,但目前很少有分化心肌细胞成熟度的研究报道。目的:探讨延长诱导分化时间对诱导多能干细胞源性心肌细胞的形态、肌节长度、双核细胞含量、心脏基因表达、心脏蛋白表达和线粒体功...背景:研究已证实诱导多能干细胞能够定向分化为心肌细胞,但目前很少有分化心肌细胞成熟度的研究报道。目的:探讨延长诱导分化时间对诱导多能干细胞源性心肌细胞的形态、肌节长度、双核细胞含量、心脏基因表达、心脏蛋白表达和线粒体功能的影响。方法:使用骨形态发生蛋白4、CHIR 99021和IWR1诱导多能干细胞向心肌细胞分化,分别在第20天和第40天收集分化心肌细胞;采用RT-PCR和免疫荧光检测分化心肌细胞中心脏基因和蛋白的表达水平;LAS X图像分析软件分析分化心肌细胞形态和肌节长度;MitoTracker Green FM线粒体染色检测线粒体总量,JC-1线粒体染色检测线粒体膜电位。结果与结论:与第20天的分化心肌细胞相比,第40天的分化心肌细胞的细胞周长和肌节长度更长、细胞面积更大(P<0.05);多核细胞比例从第20天的16%左右大幅上升至第40天的29%左右(P<0.05);第40天的分化心肌细胞具有与原代心肌细胞更相近的基因表达水平,SERCA2A、Cx-43和α-MHC基因表达水平明显高于第20天的分化心肌细胞(P<0.05);与第20天的分化心肌细胞相比,第40天的分化心肌细胞中TNNT2和α-MHC蛋白表达水平较高,线粒体分布密度更大,且功能性线粒体数量增加(P<0.05)。结果表明:延长诱导分化时间,可以通过增加肌节长度和功能性线粒体数量以及升高心脏基因和蛋白表达水平而提高分化心肌细胞的成熟度。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81701076(to LLZ)and No.31670795(to XQF)2017 Changbai Mountain Research Support Foundation,No.440050117010(to XQF)+1 种基金Opening Project of Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences,No.YKFJ2-007(to LLZ)grants from the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province,China,No.20190701037GH(to FQZ),20180520138JH(to FQZ),20190701036GH(to LLZ)
文摘Alzheimer’s disease is a common progressive neurodegenerative disorder, pathologically characterized by the presence of β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Current treatment approaches using drugs only alleviate the symptoms without curing the disease, which is a serious issue and influences the quality of life of the patients and their caregivers. In recent years, stem cell technology has provided new insights into the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Currently, the main sources of stem cells include neural stem cells, embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology and general treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, and the current state of stem cell transplantation in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. We also assess future challenges in the clinical application and drug development of stem cell transplantation as a treatment for Alzheimer’s disease.
文摘Inflammatory bowel diseases are inflammatory, chronic and progressive diseases of the intestinal tract for which no curative treatment is available. Research in other fields with stem cells of different sources and with immunoregulatory cells(regulatory T-lymphocytes and dendritic T-cells) opens up new expectations for their use in these diseases. The goal for stem cell-based therapy is to provide a permanent cure. To achieve this, it will be necessary to obtain a cellular product, original or genetically modified, that has a high migration capacity and homes into the intestine, has high survival after transplantation, regulates the immune reaction while not being visible to the patient's immune system, and repairs the injured tissue.
基金The Support Program to break the bottlenecks at R&D Systems for accelerating the practical use of Health Research Outcome,the Highway Program for the Realization of Regenerative Medicine,and Health Labour Sciences Research Grant
文摘Reprograming somatic cells using exogenetic gene expression represents a groundbreaking step in regenerative medicine. Induced pluripotent stem cells(i PSCs) are expected to yield novel therapies with the potential to solve many issues involving incurable diseases. In particular, applying i PSCs clinically holds the promise of addressing the problems of immune rejection and ethics that have hampered the clinical applications of embryonic stem cells. However, as i PSC research has progressed, new problems have emerged that need to be solved before the routine clinical application of i PSCs can become established. In this review, we discuss the current technologies and future problems of human i PSC generation methods for clinical use.
基金Partially supported by grants from Junta de Castilla y León,No.VA386A12-2the Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de la Junta de Castilla y León,47011 Valladolid,Spaina scholarship to Maria L Alonso-Alonso from the Consejería de Educación de Junta de Castilla y León and the Fondo Social Europeo
文摘The relevance of retinal diseases, both in society's economy and in the quality of people's life who suffer with them, has made stem cell therapy an interesting topic forresearch. Embryonic stem cells(ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells(i PSCs) and adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells(ADMSCs) are the focus in current endeavors as a source of different retinal cells, such as photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelial cells. The aim is to apply them for cell replacement as an option for treating retinal diseases which so far are untreatable in their advanced stage. ESCs, despite the great potential for differentiation, have the dangerous risk of teratoma formation as well as ethical issues, which must be resolved before starting a clinical trial. i PSCs, like ESCs, are able to differentiate in to several types of retinal cells. However, the process to get them for personalized cell therapy has a high cost in terms of time and money. Researchers are working to resolve this since i PSCs seem to be a realistic option for treating retinal diseases. ADMSCs have the advantage that the procedures to obtain them are easier. Despite advancements in stem cell application, there are still several challenges that need to be overcome before transferring the research results to clinical application. This paper reviews recent research achievements of the applications of these three types of stem cells as well as clinical trials currently based on them.
文摘p53 is well known as a "guardian of the genome" for differentiated cells,in which it induces cell cycle arrest and cell death after DNA damage and thus contributes to the maintenance of genomic stability.In addition to this tumor suppressor function for differentiated cells,p53 also plays an important role in stem cells.In this cell type,p53 not only ensures genomic integrity after genotoxic insults but also controls their proliferation and differentiation.Additionally,p53 provides an effective barrier for the generation of pluripotent stem celllike cells from terminally differentiated cells.In this review,we summarize our current knowledge about p53 activities in embryonic,adult and induced pluripotent stem cells.
文摘Induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSC)technology has propelled the field of stem cells biology,providing new cells to explore the molecular mechanisms of pluripotency,cancer biology and aging.A major advantage of human iPSC,compared to the pluripotent embryonic stem cells,is that they can be generated from virtually any embryonic or adult somatic cell type without destruction of human blastocysts.In addition,iPSC can be generated from somatic cells harvested from normal individuals or patients,and used as a cellular tool to unravel mechanisms of human development and to model diseases in a manner not possible before.Besides these fundamental aspects of human biology and physiology that are revealed using iPSC or iPSC-derived cells,these cells hold an immense potential for cell-based therapies,and for the discovery of new or personalized pharmacological treatments for many disorders.Here,we review some of the current challenges and concerns about iPSC technology.We introduce the potential held by iPSC for research and development of novel health-related applications.We briefly present the efforts made by the scientific and clinical communities to create the necessary guidelines and regulations to achieve the highest quality standards in the procedures for iPSC generation,characterization and long-term preservation.Finally,we present some of the audacious and pioneer clinical trials in progress with iPSC-derived cells.
文摘背景:研究已证实诱导多能干细胞能够定向分化为心肌细胞,但目前很少有分化心肌细胞成熟度的研究报道。目的:探讨延长诱导分化时间对诱导多能干细胞源性心肌细胞的形态、肌节长度、双核细胞含量、心脏基因表达、心脏蛋白表达和线粒体功能的影响。方法:使用骨形态发生蛋白4、CHIR 99021和IWR1诱导多能干细胞向心肌细胞分化,分别在第20天和第40天收集分化心肌细胞;采用RT-PCR和免疫荧光检测分化心肌细胞中心脏基因和蛋白的表达水平;LAS X图像分析软件分析分化心肌细胞形态和肌节长度;MitoTracker Green FM线粒体染色检测线粒体总量,JC-1线粒体染色检测线粒体膜电位。结果与结论:与第20天的分化心肌细胞相比,第40天的分化心肌细胞的细胞周长和肌节长度更长、细胞面积更大(P<0.05);多核细胞比例从第20天的16%左右大幅上升至第40天的29%左右(P<0.05);第40天的分化心肌细胞具有与原代心肌细胞更相近的基因表达水平,SERCA2A、Cx-43和α-MHC基因表达水平明显高于第20天的分化心肌细胞(P<0.05);与第20天的分化心肌细胞相比,第40天的分化心肌细胞中TNNT2和α-MHC蛋白表达水平较高,线粒体分布密度更大,且功能性线粒体数量增加(P<0.05)。结果表明:延长诱导分化时间,可以通过增加肌节长度和功能性线粒体数量以及升高心脏基因和蛋白表达水平而提高分化心肌细胞的成熟度。
