烯烃类化合物,如乙烯和丙烯,是工业生产的关键原料,它们可以通过选择性氧化转化为环氧乙烷(EO)和环氧丙烷(PO)等高附加值的化学品.目前,烯烃类化合物转化主要通过热化学途径实现,通常需要高温高压条件,并可能导致过度氧化生成CO_(2),因...烯烃类化合物,如乙烯和丙烯,是工业生产的关键原料,它们可以通过选择性氧化转化为环氧乙烷(EO)和环氧丙烷(PO)等高附加值的化学品.目前,烯烃类化合物转化主要通过热化学途径实现,通常需要高温高压条件,并可能导致过度氧化生成CO_(2),因而选择性较低,且对经济和环境效益不友好.与此相对,电催化反应以电能作为驱动力,通过优化催化剂、电解液和反应电位等,有望在相对温和的条件下提高反应的选择性和能量效率,为高选择性烯烃氧化提供一种潜在策略.然而,当前烯烃的电化学选择性氧化的电流密度较低,整体生产成本相对较高,因此,有必要进一步研发高效且稳定的电化学选择性氧化烯烃的体系.本文综述了近期关于烯烃选择性电化学氧化的研究进展,研究主要集中在两个方面:一是烯烃在电极和电解液界面上直接进行电化学氧化的方法;二是通过电化学反应原位生成氧化剂(如Cl2和H_(2)O_(2))后,再对烯烃进行氧化的间接方法.对于烯烃的直接电化学氧化,反应的选择性可以通过调控几何效应和电子效应来优化.具体来说,通过引入如氯离子这样的物种,减少催化剂表面的可用活性位点数量,从而降低烯烃在催化剂表面的双位吸附,进一步降低过度氧化的可能性.此外,通过调整电催化剂的电子结构,改变其表面氧物种的电子性质,直接影响烯烃的加氧步骤,从而实现对反应选择性的精准调控.烯烃的氧化过程受限于其固有的缓慢反应动力学,导致直接电氧化所能实现的电流密度有限.为了提高该过程的速率,可以引入氧化还原介导物种来实现烯烃的选择性氧化.近期研究结果表明,卤素和过氧化氢作为介导物种在烯烃的选择性氧化反应中表现较好.利用先进的串联反应器技术,过氧化氢介导乙烯氧化为乙二醇的电流密度已经可以达到500m A cm^(–2).深入探索了烯烃电化�展开更多
The degradations of hexazinone and aldicarb by direct ozonation combined an advanced oxidation process( AOP) of O3/H2O2 were investigated in this study focusing on the oxidation mechanism by identifying the hydrogen p...The degradations of hexazinone and aldicarb by direct ozonation combined an advanced oxidation process( AOP) of O3/H2O2 were investigated in this study focusing on the oxidation mechanism by identifying the hydrogen peroxide consumption during the oxidation process of the two chemicals. The results showed that H2O2 could enhance the removal rate of the triazine herbicide hexazinone,and it was consumed along with the variation of removal rate in the light of different pH levels. The addition of H2O2 contributed little to the removal of the thiocarbamate herbicide aldicarb and H2O2 content kept constantly throughout the degradation process. Tert-butyl alcohol( TBA) effectively scavenged the ·OH radical for hexazinone,but had no effect on the removal rate of aldicarb. Aldicarb removal was mainly attributed to direct ozonation molecule in both O3( 97.00%) and O3/H2O2( 96.76%)systems. Moreover,sole O3 could hardly oxidize hexazinone whereas·OH radicals contribute respective 74.70% and 97.50% of removal in O3 system and O3/H2O2 AOP. All of these findings suggest that the mechanism of ·OH radical generation and the chain reaction in O3/H2O2 AOP should be further discussed.展开更多
文摘烯烃类化合物,如乙烯和丙烯,是工业生产的关键原料,它们可以通过选择性氧化转化为环氧乙烷(EO)和环氧丙烷(PO)等高附加值的化学品.目前,烯烃类化合物转化主要通过热化学途径实现,通常需要高温高压条件,并可能导致过度氧化生成CO_(2),因而选择性较低,且对经济和环境效益不友好.与此相对,电催化反应以电能作为驱动力,通过优化催化剂、电解液和反应电位等,有望在相对温和的条件下提高反应的选择性和能量效率,为高选择性烯烃氧化提供一种潜在策略.然而,当前烯烃的电化学选择性氧化的电流密度较低,整体生产成本相对较高,因此,有必要进一步研发高效且稳定的电化学选择性氧化烯烃的体系.本文综述了近期关于烯烃选择性电化学氧化的研究进展,研究主要集中在两个方面:一是烯烃在电极和电解液界面上直接进行电化学氧化的方法;二是通过电化学反应原位生成氧化剂(如Cl2和H_(2)O_(2))后,再对烯烃进行氧化的间接方法.对于烯烃的直接电化学氧化,反应的选择性可以通过调控几何效应和电子效应来优化.具体来说,通过引入如氯离子这样的物种,减少催化剂表面的可用活性位点数量,从而降低烯烃在催化剂表面的双位吸附,进一步降低过度氧化的可能性.此外,通过调整电催化剂的电子结构,改变其表面氧物种的电子性质,直接影响烯烃的加氧步骤,从而实现对反应选择性的精准调控.烯烃的氧化过程受限于其固有的缓慢反应动力学,导致直接电氧化所能实现的电流密度有限.为了提高该过程的速率,可以引入氧化还原介导物种来实现烯烃的选择性氧化.近期研究结果表明,卤素和过氧化氢作为介导物种在烯烃的选择性氧化反应中表现较好.利用先进的串联反应器技术,过氧化氢介导乙烯氧化为乙二醇的电流密度已经可以达到500m A cm^(–2).深入探索了烯烃电化�
基金Science and Technology Project of Shenzhen,China(No.JCYJ20120617141700417)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(No.2012040007855)
文摘The degradations of hexazinone and aldicarb by direct ozonation combined an advanced oxidation process( AOP) of O3/H2O2 were investigated in this study focusing on the oxidation mechanism by identifying the hydrogen peroxide consumption during the oxidation process of the two chemicals. The results showed that H2O2 could enhance the removal rate of the triazine herbicide hexazinone,and it was consumed along with the variation of removal rate in the light of different pH levels. The addition of H2O2 contributed little to the removal of the thiocarbamate herbicide aldicarb and H2O2 content kept constantly throughout the degradation process. Tert-butyl alcohol( TBA) effectively scavenged the ·OH radical for hexazinone,but had no effect on the removal rate of aldicarb. Aldicarb removal was mainly attributed to direct ozonation molecule in both O3( 97.00%) and O3/H2O2( 96.76%)systems. Moreover,sole O3 could hardly oxidize hexazinone whereas·OH radicals contribute respective 74.70% and 97.50% of removal in O3 system and O3/H2O2 AOP. All of these findings suggest that the mechanism of ·OH radical generation and the chain reaction in O3/H2O2 AOP should be further discussed.
