Multimodal imaging techniques have been demonstrated to be greatly advantageous in achieving accurate diagnosis and gained increasing attention in recent decades. Herein, we present a new strategy to integrate the com...Multimodal imaging techniques have been demonstrated to be greatly advantageous in achieving accurate diagnosis and gained increasing attention in recent decades. Herein, we present a new strategy to integrate the complementary modalities of I9F magnetic resonance imaging （19F MRI） and fluorescence imaging （FI） into a polymer nanoprobe composed of hydrophobic fluorescent organic core and hydrophilic fluorinated polymer shell. The alkyne-terminated fluorinated copolymer （Pn） of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acrylate （TFEA） and poly（ethylene glycol） methyl ether acrylate （PEGA） was first prepared vie atom transfer radical polymerization （ATRP）. The PEGA plays an important role in both improving ^19F signal and modulating the hydrophilicity of Pn. The alkynyl tail in Pn is readily conjugated with azide modified tetra-phenylethylene （TPE） through click chemistry to form azo polymer （TPE-azo-Pn）. The core-shell nanoprobes （TPE-P3N） with an average particle size of 57.2±8.8 nm are obtained via self-assembly with ultrasonication in aqueous solution. These nanoprobes demonstrate high water stability, good biocompatibility, strong fluorescence and good ^19F MRI performance, which present great potentials for simultaneous fluorescence imaging and ^19F-MR imaging.展开更多
Ultrafine Gd2O3：Eu3＋nanocrystals were successfully prepared by a simple reverse microemulsion method and subsequent calcination. Their structural, optical and magnetic properties were investigated using scanning ele...Ultrafine Gd2O3：Eu3＋nanocrystals were successfully prepared by a simple reverse microemulsion method and subsequent calcination. Their structural, optical and magnetic properties were investigated using scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmis-sion electron microscopy （TEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Fourier transform infrared （FTIR）, photoluminescence （PL）, and magnetic property measurement system （MPMS）. The amorphous Gd2（CO3）3：Eu3＋colloidal spheres were proved as an intermediate product, and gradually transformed into crystallized Gd2O3：Eu3＋with average diameter less than 100 nm. The paramagnetic property of the synthesized Gd2O3：Eu3＋nanocrystals were confirmed with its linear hysteresis plot （M-H）. And Gd2O3：Eu3＋nanocrystals showed high contrast T1-enhancing modality due to the presence of the Gd3＋ ions onto the particle surface. In addition, the application of the Gd2O3：Eu3＋nanocrystals as biotag for cell labeling was reported, red fluorescence from Eu3＋ions observed by fluorescence micros-copy showed that the nanocrystals could permeate the cell membrane. Cytotoxicity studies of the Gd2O3：Eu3＋nanocrystals showed no adverse effect on cell viability, evidencing their high biological compatibility. Therefore, the nanoprobe formed from Gd2O3：Eu3＋nanocrystals provided the dual modality of optical and magnetic resonance imaging.展开更多
A patient presented with a large pericardial tumor of uncertain etiology. Five years earlier, she had been treated for myxoid liposarcoma of the thigh. For pre-surgical evaluation, conventional radiography, positron e...A patient presented with a large pericardial tumor of uncertain etiology. Five years earlier, she had been treated for myxoid liposarcoma of the thigh. For pre-surgical evaluation, conventional radiography, positron emission tomography/computed tomography （PET/CT）, magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）, CT of the heart, transthoracic echocardiography （TTE） and transesophageal echocardiography （TEE） were performed. The final histopathologic diagnosis was metastatic liposarcoma. Each of the imaging modalities used had advantages and disadvantages, and their coordination was necessary for optimal evaluation.展开更多
A biodegradable tumor targeting nano-probe based on poly（ε-caprolactone）-b-poly（ethylene glycol） block copolymer （PCL-b-PEG）micelle functionalized with a magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） contrast agent diethy...A biodegradable tumor targeting nano-probe based on poly（ε-caprolactone）-b-poly（ethylene glycol） block copolymer （PCL-b-PEG）micelle functionalized with a magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） contrast agent diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-gadolinium （DTPA-Gd＋） on the shell and a near-infrared （NIR） dye in the core for magnetic resonance and optical dual-modality imaging was prepared. The longitudinal relaxivity （rl） of the PCL-b-PEG- DTPA-Gd3＋ micelle was 13.4 （mmol/L）^-1s^-1, three folds of that of DTPA-Gd3＋, and higher than that of many polymeric contrast agents with similar structures. The in vivo optical imaging of a nude mouse bearing xenografied breast tumor showed that the dual-modality micelle preferentially accumulated in the tumor via the folic acid-mediated active targeting and the passive accumulation by the enhanced permeability and retention （EPR） effect. The results indicated that the dualmodality micelle is a promising nano-probe for cancer detection and diagnosis.展开更多
Coronary artery abnormalities are the most important complications in children with Kawasaki disease(KD).Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography currently is the standard of care for initial evaluation and foll...Coronary artery abnormalities are the most important complications in children with Kawasaki disease(KD).Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography currently is the standard of care for initial evaluation and follow-up of children with KD.However,it has inherent limitations with regard to evaluation of mid and distal coronary arteries and,left circumflex artery and the poor acoustic window in older children often makes evaluation difficult in this age group.Catheter angiography(CA)is invasive,has high radiation exposure and fails to demonstrate abnormalities beyond lumen.The limitations of echocardiography and CA necessitate the use of an imaging modality that overcomes these problems.In recent years advances in computed tomography technology have enabled explicit evaluation of coronary arteries along their entire course including major branches with optimal and acceptable radiation exposure in children.Computed tomography coronary angiography(CTCA)can be performed during acute as well as convalescent phases of KD.It is likely that CTCA may soon be considered the reference standard imaging modality for evaluation of coronary arteries in children with KD.展开更多
Objective: To determine the clinical, imaging, and histological features, and surgical resection modalities and outcomes of adult sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT). Methods: Adult patients with histopathologically diagnos...Objective: To determine the clinical, imaging, and histological features, and surgical resection modalities and outcomes of adult sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT). Methods: Adult patients with histopathologically diagnosed SCT were enrol ed in our hospital between August 2010 and August 2018. Each patient's characteristics and clinical information were reviewed. Results: There were 8 patients in the study (2 males, 6 females) with a median age of 34 years (range, 18-67 years). The time to clinical symptoms was 14 d to 35 years, with a median time of 4 years. Six patients presented with symptoms of sacrococcygeal pain, and four with signs of sacrococcygeal mass and ulceration in the sacrococcygeal region. Six patients were evaluated using a combination of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Al patients showed a presacral tumor with heterogeneous intensity on CT images. Al patients underwent surgical treatment, including 6 parasacral, 1 transabdominal, and 1 combined anterior-posterior surgery cases. Seven patients were histopathological y diagnosed with benign mature SCT, and have shown no recurrence. One patient had malignant SCT, with recurrence at 84 months after surgery. After a second surgery, the patient had no recurrence within 6 months fol ow-up after re-resection. Conclusions: Our retrospective study demon-strated: (1) adult SCT is difficult to diagnose because of a lack of typical clinical symptoms and signs;(2) a combination of CT and MRI examination is beneficial for preoperative diagnosis;(3) the choice of surgical approach and surgical resection modality depends on the size, location, and components of the tumor, which can be defined from preoper-ative CT and MRI evaluation;(4) most adult SCTs are benign;the surgical outcome for the malignant SCT patient was good after complete resection. Even for the patient with recurrent malignant SCT, the surgical outcome was good after re-resection.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the most rapidly increasing type of cancer in the United States. HCC is a highly malignant cancer, accounting for at least 14000 deaths in the United States annually, and it ranks thir...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the most rapidly increasing type of cancer in the United States. HCC is a highly malignant cancer, accounting for at least 14000 deaths in the United States annually, and it ranks third as a cause of cancer mortality in men. One major difficulty is that most patients with HCC are diagnosed when the disease is already at an advanced stage, and the cancer cannot be surgically removed. Furthermore, because almost all patients have cirrhosis, neither chemotherapy nor major resections are well tolerated. Clearly there is need of a multidisciplinary approach for the management of HCC. For example, there is a need for better understanding of the fundamental etiologic mechanisms that are involved in hepatocarcinogenesis, which could lead to the development of successful preventive and therapeutic modalities. It is also essential to define the cellular and molecular bases for malignant transformation of hepatocytes. Such knowledge would:(1) greatly facilitate the identification of patients at risk;(2) prompt efforts to decrease risk factors; and(3) improve surveillance and early diagnosis through diagnostic imaging modalities. Possible benefits extend also to the clinical management of this disease. Because there are many factors involved in pathogenesis of HCC,this paper reviews a multidisciplinary perspective of recent advances in basic and clinical understanding of HCC that include: molecular hepatocarcinogenesis, noninvasive diagnostics modalities, diagnostic pathology, surgical modality, transplantation, local therapy and oncological/target therapeutics.展开更多
Multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms may contribute to cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease. However, the mechanism by which these single nucleotide polymorphisms modify brain imaging phenotype remains unclea...Multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms may contribute to cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease. However, the mechanism by which these single nucleotide polymorphisms modify brain imaging phenotype remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms on brain imaging phenotype in Parkinson’s disease. Forty-eight Parkinson’s disease patients and 39 matched healthy controls underwent genotyping and 7 T magnetic resonance imaging. A cognitive-weighted polygenic risk score model was designed, in which the effect sizes were determined individually for 36 single nucleotide polymorphisms. The correlations between polygenic risk score, neuroimaging features, and clinical data were analyzed. Furthermore, individual single nucleotide polymorphism analysis was performed to explore the main effects of genotypes and their interactive effects with Parkinson’s disease diagnosis. We found that, in Parkinson’s disease, the polygenic risk score was correlated with the neural activity of the hippocampus, parahippocampus, and fusiform gyrus, and with hippocampal-prefrontal and fusiform-temporal connectivity, as well as with gray matter alterations in the orbitofrontal cortex. In addition, we found that single nucleotide polymorphisms in α-synuclein(SNCA) were associated with white matter microstructural changes in the superior corona radiata, corpus callosum, and external capsule. A single nucleotide polymorphism in catechol-O-methyltransferase was associated with the neural activities of the lingual, fusiform, and occipital gyri, which are involved in visual cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, DRD3 was associated with frontal and temporal lobe function and structure. In conclusion, imaging genetics is useful for providing a better understanding of the genetic pathways involved in the pathophysiologic processes underlying Parkinson’s disease. This study provides evidence of an association between genetic factors, cognitive functions, and multi-mo展开更多
Neurophysiological signals are crucial intermediaries,through which brain activity can be quantitatively measured and brain mechanisms are able to be revealed.In particular,non-invasive neurophysiological signals,such...Neurophysiological signals are crucial intermediaries,through which brain activity can be quantitatively measured and brain mechanisms are able to be revealed.In particular,non-invasive neurophysiological signals,such as electroencephalogram(EEG)and functional magnetic resonance imaging(f MRI),are welcomed and frequently utilised in various studies since these signals can be non-invasively recorded without harming the human brain while they convey abundant information pertaining to brain activity.The recorded neurophysiological signals are analysed to mine meaningful information for the understanding of brain mechanisms or are classified to distinguish different patterns(e.g.,different cognitive states,brain diseases versus healthy controls).To date,remarkable progress has been made in both the analysis and classification of neurophysiological signals,but scholars are not feeling complacent.Consistent effort ought to be paid to advance the research of analysis and classification based on neurophysiological signals.In this paper,I express my thoughts regarding promising future directions in neurophysiological signal analysis and classification based on current developments and accomplishments.I will elucidate the thoughts after brief summaries of relevant backgrounds,accomplishments,and tendencies.According to my personal selection and preference,I mainly focus on brain connectivity,multidimensional array(tensor),multi-modality,multiple task classification,deep learning,big data,and naturalistic experiment.Hopefully,my thoughts could give a little help to inspire new ideas and contribute to the research of the analysis and classification of neurophysiological signals in some way.展开更多
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is an aggressive malignancy with a limited number of effective treatments.Using emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence(AI)to facilitate the earlier diagnosis and de...Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is an aggressive malignancy with a limited number of effective treatments.Using emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence(AI)to facilitate the earlier diagnosis and decision-making process represents one of the most promising areas for investigation.The integration of AI models to augment imaging modalities in PDAC has made great progression in the past 5 years,especially in organ segmentation,AI-aided diagnosis,and radiomics based individualized medicine.In this article,we review the developments of AI in the field of PDAC and the present clinical position.We also examine the barriers to future development and more widespread application which will require increased familiarity of the underlying technology among clinicians to promote the necessary enthusiasm and collaboration with computer professionals.展开更多
基金This research was supported Science Foundation of China 21675009）, and the Fundamenta n part by the National Natural （Grant Nos. 21475007 and Research Funds for the Central Universities （buctrc201608 and buctrc201720）.
文摘Multimodal imaging techniques have been demonstrated to be greatly advantageous in achieving accurate diagnosis and gained increasing attention in recent decades. Herein, we present a new strategy to integrate the complementary modalities of I9F magnetic resonance imaging （19F MRI） and fluorescence imaging （FI） into a polymer nanoprobe composed of hydrophobic fluorescent organic core and hydrophilic fluorinated polymer shell. The alkyne-terminated fluorinated copolymer （Pn） of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acrylate （TFEA） and poly（ethylene glycol） methyl ether acrylate （PEGA） was first prepared vie atom transfer radical polymerization （ATRP）. The PEGA plays an important role in both improving ^19F signal and modulating the hydrophilicity of Pn. The alkynyl tail in Pn is readily conjugated with azide modified tetra-phenylethylene （TPE） through click chemistry to form azo polymer （TPE-azo-Pn）. The core-shell nanoprobes （TPE-P3N） with an average particle size of 57.2±8.8 nm are obtained via self-assembly with ultrasonication in aqueous solution. These nanoprobes demonstrate high water stability, good biocompatibility, strong fluorescence and good ^19F MRI performance, which present great potentials for simultaneous fluorescence imaging and ^19F-MR imaging.
基金Project supported by Education Department of Jiangxi Province(GJJ14578,GJJ13216)
文摘Ultrafine Gd2O3：Eu3＋nanocrystals were successfully prepared by a simple reverse microemulsion method and subsequent calcination. Their structural, optical and magnetic properties were investigated using scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmis-sion electron microscopy （TEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Fourier transform infrared （FTIR）, photoluminescence （PL）, and magnetic property measurement system （MPMS）. The amorphous Gd2（CO3）3：Eu3＋colloidal spheres were proved as an intermediate product, and gradually transformed into crystallized Gd2O3：Eu3＋with average diameter less than 100 nm. The paramagnetic property of the synthesized Gd2O3：Eu3＋nanocrystals were confirmed with its linear hysteresis plot （M-H）. And Gd2O3：Eu3＋nanocrystals showed high contrast T1-enhancing modality due to the presence of the Gd3＋ ions onto the particle surface. In addition, the application of the Gd2O3：Eu3＋nanocrystals as biotag for cell labeling was reported, red fluorescence from Eu3＋ions observed by fluorescence micros-copy showed that the nanocrystals could permeate the cell membrane. Cytotoxicity studies of the Gd2O3：Eu3＋nanocrystals showed no adverse effect on cell viability, evidencing their high biological compatibility. Therefore, the nanoprobe formed from Gd2O3：Eu3＋nanocrystals provided the dual modality of optical and magnetic resonance imaging.
文摘A patient presented with a large pericardial tumor of uncertain etiology. Five years earlier, she had been treated for myxoid liposarcoma of the thigh. For pre-surgical evaluation, conventional radiography, positron emission tomography/computed tomography （PET/CT）, magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）, CT of the heart, transthoracic echocardiography （TTE） and transesophageal echocardiography （TEE） were performed. The final histopathologic diagnosis was metastatic liposarcoma. Each of the imaging modalities used had advantages and disadvantages, and their coordination was necessary for optimal evaluation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20904046)the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)(No.2009CB526403) of China+1 种基金the Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China(No.20090101120159)the Qianjiang Talent Program of Zhejiang Province,China(No.2010R10050)
文摘A biodegradable tumor targeting nano-probe based on poly（ε-caprolactone）-b-poly（ethylene glycol） block copolymer （PCL-b-PEG）micelle functionalized with a magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） contrast agent diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-gadolinium （DTPA-Gd＋） on the shell and a near-infrared （NIR） dye in the core for magnetic resonance and optical dual-modality imaging was prepared. The longitudinal relaxivity （rl） of the PCL-b-PEG- DTPA-Gd3＋ micelle was 13.4 （mmol/L）^-1s^-1, three folds of that of DTPA-Gd3＋, and higher than that of many polymeric contrast agents with similar structures. The in vivo optical imaging of a nude mouse bearing xenografied breast tumor showed that the dual-modality micelle preferentially accumulated in the tumor via the folic acid-mediated active targeting and the passive accumulation by the enhanced permeability and retention （EPR） effect. The results indicated that the dualmodality micelle is a promising nano-probe for cancer detection and diagnosis.
文摘Coronary artery abnormalities are the most important complications in children with Kawasaki disease(KD).Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography currently is the standard of care for initial evaluation and follow-up of children with KD.However,it has inherent limitations with regard to evaluation of mid and distal coronary arteries and,left circumflex artery and the poor acoustic window in older children often makes evaluation difficult in this age group.Catheter angiography(CA)is invasive,has high radiation exposure and fails to demonstrate abnormalities beyond lumen.The limitations of echocardiography and CA necessitate the use of an imaging modality that overcomes these problems.In recent years advances in computed tomography technology have enabled explicit evaluation of coronary arteries along their entire course including major branches with optimal and acceptable radiation exposure in children.Computed tomography coronary angiography(CTCA)can be performed during acute as well as convalescent phases of KD.It is likely that CTCA may soon be considered the reference standard imaging modality for evaluation of coronary arteries in children with KD.
基金Project supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LY18H160014)
文摘Objective: To determine the clinical, imaging, and histological features, and surgical resection modalities and outcomes of adult sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT). Methods: Adult patients with histopathologically diagnosed SCT were enrol ed in our hospital between August 2010 and August 2018. Each patient's characteristics and clinical information were reviewed. Results: There were 8 patients in the study (2 males, 6 females) with a median age of 34 years (range, 18-67 years). The time to clinical symptoms was 14 d to 35 years, with a median time of 4 years. Six patients presented with symptoms of sacrococcygeal pain, and four with signs of sacrococcygeal mass and ulceration in the sacrococcygeal region. Six patients were evaluated using a combination of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Al patients showed a presacral tumor with heterogeneous intensity on CT images. Al patients underwent surgical treatment, including 6 parasacral, 1 transabdominal, and 1 combined anterior-posterior surgery cases. Seven patients were histopathological y diagnosed with benign mature SCT, and have shown no recurrence. One patient had malignant SCT, with recurrence at 84 months after surgery. After a second surgery, the patient had no recurrence within 6 months fol ow-up after re-resection. Conclusions: Our retrospective study demon-strated: (1) adult SCT is difficult to diagnose because of a lack of typical clinical symptoms and signs;(2) a combination of CT and MRI examination is beneficial for preoperative diagnosis;(3) the choice of surgical approach and surgical resection modality depends on the size, location, and components of the tumor, which can be defined from preoper-ative CT and MRI evaluation;(4) most adult SCTs are benign;the surgical outcome for the malignant SCT patient was good after complete resection. Even for the patient with recurrent malignant SCT, the surgical outcome was good after re-resection.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the most rapidly increasing type of cancer in the United States. HCC is a highly malignant cancer, accounting for at least 14000 deaths in the United States annually, and it ranks third as a cause of cancer mortality in men. One major difficulty is that most patients with HCC are diagnosed when the disease is already at an advanced stage, and the cancer cannot be surgically removed. Furthermore, because almost all patients have cirrhosis, neither chemotherapy nor major resections are well tolerated. Clearly there is need of a multidisciplinary approach for the management of HCC. For example, there is a need for better understanding of the fundamental etiologic mechanisms that are involved in hepatocarcinogenesis, which could lead to the development of successful preventive and therapeutic modalities. It is also essential to define the cellular and molecular bases for malignant transformation of hepatocytes. Such knowledge would:(1) greatly facilitate the identification of patients at risk;(2) prompt efforts to decrease risk factors; and(3) improve surveillance and early diagnosis through diagnostic imaging modalities. Possible benefits extend also to the clinical management of this disease. Because there are many factors involved in pathogenesis of HCC,this paper reviews a multidisciplinary perspective of recent advances in basic and clinical understanding of HCC that include: molecular hepatocarcinogenesis, noninvasive diagnostics modalities, diagnostic pathology, surgical modality, transplantation, local therapy and oncological/target therapeutics.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos. 81771216 (to JLP), 81520108010 (to BRZ),and 82101323 (to TS)the National Key R&D Program of China,No. 2018YFA0701400 (to HYL)+3 种基金the Primary Research and Development Plan of Zhejiang Province,No. 2020C03020 (to BRZ)the Key Project of Zhejiang Laboratory,No. 2018EB0ZX01 (to HYL)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No. 2019XZZX001-01-21 (to HYL)Preferred Foundation of Zhejiang Postdoctors,No. ZJ2021152 (to TS)。
文摘Multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms may contribute to cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease. However, the mechanism by which these single nucleotide polymorphisms modify brain imaging phenotype remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms on brain imaging phenotype in Parkinson’s disease. Forty-eight Parkinson’s disease patients and 39 matched healthy controls underwent genotyping and 7 T magnetic resonance imaging. A cognitive-weighted polygenic risk score model was designed, in which the effect sizes were determined individually for 36 single nucleotide polymorphisms. The correlations between polygenic risk score, neuroimaging features, and clinical data were analyzed. Furthermore, individual single nucleotide polymorphism analysis was performed to explore the main effects of genotypes and their interactive effects with Parkinson’s disease diagnosis. We found that, in Parkinson’s disease, the polygenic risk score was correlated with the neural activity of the hippocampus, parahippocampus, and fusiform gyrus, and with hippocampal-prefrontal and fusiform-temporal connectivity, as well as with gray matter alterations in the orbitofrontal cortex. In addition, we found that single nucleotide polymorphisms in α-synuclein(SNCA) were associated with white matter microstructural changes in the superior corona radiata, corpus callosum, and external capsule. A single nucleotide polymorphism in catechol-O-methyltransferase was associated with the neural activities of the lingual, fusiform, and occipital gyri, which are involved in visual cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, DRD3 was associated with frontal and temporal lobe function and structure. In conclusion, imaging genetics is useful for providing a better understanding of the genetic pathways involved in the pathophysiologic processes underlying Parkinson’s disease. This study provides evidence of an association between genetic factors, cognitive functions, and multi-mo
基金funded in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61806149)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2020A1515010991)
文摘Neurophysiological signals are crucial intermediaries,through which brain activity can be quantitatively measured and brain mechanisms are able to be revealed.In particular,non-invasive neurophysiological signals,such as electroencephalogram(EEG)and functional magnetic resonance imaging(f MRI),are welcomed and frequently utilised in various studies since these signals can be non-invasively recorded without harming the human brain while they convey abundant information pertaining to brain activity.The recorded neurophysiological signals are analysed to mine meaningful information for the understanding of brain mechanisms or are classified to distinguish different patterns(e.g.,different cognitive states,brain diseases versus healthy controls).To date,remarkable progress has been made in both the analysis and classification of neurophysiological signals,but scholars are not feeling complacent.Consistent effort ought to be paid to advance the research of analysis and classification based on neurophysiological signals.In this paper,I express my thoughts regarding promising future directions in neurophysiological signal analysis and classification based on current developments and accomplishments.I will elucidate the thoughts after brief summaries of relevant backgrounds,accomplishments,and tendencies.According to my personal selection and preference,I mainly focus on brain connectivity,multidimensional array(tensor),multi-modality,multiple task classification,deep learning,big data,and naturalistic experiment.Hopefully,my thoughts could give a little help to inspire new ideas and contribute to the research of the analysis and classification of neurophysiological signals in some way.
文摘Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is an aggressive malignancy with a limited number of effective treatments.Using emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence(AI)to facilitate the earlier diagnosis and decision-making process represents one of the most promising areas for investigation.The integration of AI models to augment imaging modalities in PDAC has made great progression in the past 5 years,especially in organ segmentation,AI-aided diagnosis,and radiomics based individualized medicine.In this article,we review the developments of AI in the field of PDAC and the present clinical position.We also examine the barriers to future development and more widespread application which will require increased familiarity of the underlying technology among clinicians to promote the necessary enthusiasm and collaboration with computer professionals.
