JNK is a key regulator of many cellular events, including programmed cell death (apoptosis). In the absence of NF- κB activation, prolonged JNK activation contributes to TNF-α induced apoptosis. JNK is also essentia...JNK is a key regulator of many cellular events, including programmed cell death (apoptosis). In the absence of NF- κB activation, prolonged JNK activation contributes to TNF-α induced apoptosis. JNK is also essential for UV induced apoptosis. However, recent studies reveal that JNK can suppress apoptosis in IL-3-dependent hematopoietic cells via phosphorylation of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family protein BAD. Thus, JNK has pro- or antiapoptotic functions, depend- ing on cell type, nature of the death stimulus, duration of its activation and the activity of other signaling pathways.展开更多
类风湿性关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)是一种以慢性多关节滑膜炎为主要特征的自身免疫性疾病。虽然目前对于RA的确切发病机制尚不明确,但一般认为和T细胞相关。最近研究发现调节性T细胞(regulatory T cell,Treg)和Th17细胞在RA的发...类风湿性关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)是一种以慢性多关节滑膜炎为主要特征的自身免疫性疾病。虽然目前对于RA的确切发病机制尚不明确,但一般认为和T细胞相关。最近研究发现调节性T细胞(regulatory T cell,Treg)和Th17细胞在RA的发生发展中发挥重要作用。Th17细胞能够分泌促炎症因子IL-17,通过诱导基质金属蛋白酶(ma-trix metallo proteinases,MMPs)和破骨细胞生成,促进骨滑膜炎症、骨和关节损伤;而Treg则通过释放抑制性细胞因子IL-10和TGF-β发挥免疫效应,调控RA中的炎症性免疫应答过程。单独TGF-β作用下诱导初始T细胞分化为Treg,而在TGF-β和IL-6共同作用下诱导初始T细胞分化为Th17细胞,因此,Th17和Treg细胞在特定的细胞因子微环境下可以相互转化。调节Th17/Treg之间的平衡可能成为治疗RA的新方法。该文将对Th17/Treg平衡在RA发生发展中的调节作用作一综述。展开更多
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a recently identified T cell-derived cytokine whose biological significance remains obscure.Previously,we have shown that IL-22 plays a protective role in T cell-mediated hepatitis induced by...Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a recently identified T cell-derived cytokine whose biological significance remains obscure.Previously,we have shown that IL-22 plays a protective role in T cell-mediated hepatitis induced by Concanavalin A (Con A),acting as a survival factor for hepatocytes.In the present paper,we demonstrate that hydrodynamic gene delivery of IL-22 cDNA driven either by a liver-specific albumin promoter or a human cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter results in IL-22 protein expression,STAT3 activation,and expression of several anti-apoptotic proteins,including Bcl-xL,Bcl-2,and Mcl-1 in the liver.Immunohistochemical analysis reveals that IL-22 protein expression is mainly detected in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes.Overexpression of IL-22 by hydrodynamic gene delivery significantly protects against liver injury,necrosis,and apoptosis induced by administration of Con A,carbon tetrachloride (CCl_4),or the Fas agonist Jo-2 mAb.Western blot analyses show that overexpression of IL-22 significantly enhances activation of STAT3 and expression of Bcl-xL,Bcl-2, and Mcl-1 proteins in liver injury induced by Con A.In conclusion,hydrodynamic gene delivery of IL-22 protects against liver injury induced by a variety of toxins,suggesting the therapeutic potential of IL-22 in treating human liver disease.Cellular & Molecular Immunology.2004;1(1):43-49.展开更多
白细胞介素是由多种细胞产生并作用于多种细胞的一类细胞因子。白细胞介素家族成员包括白细胞介素-1(interleukin-1,IL-1)、白细胞介素-2(interleukin-2,IL-2)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、多集落刺激因子、合成抑制因子等,影...白细胞介素是由多种细胞产生并作用于多种细胞的一类细胞因子。白细胞介素家族成员包括白细胞介素-1(interleukin-1,IL-1)、白细胞介素-2(interleukin-2,IL-2)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、多集落刺激因子、合成抑制因子等,影响细胞的增殖、生存、分化、迁移、侵袭、转移、血管生成、炎症和代谢。其中,白细胞介素-6可激活酪氨酸蛋白激酶2(janus kinase 2,JAK2)-信号传导与转录激活因子3(signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,STAT3)信号通路。JAK2/STAT3信号通路作为细胞内重要信号转导通路之一,通过影响下游多种效应分子的活化状态,从而在细胞增殖分化中起重要作用。JAK2/STAT3信号通路的激活参与了肿瘤发生、发展等多个环节,促成了肿瘤炎性微环境的形成,它与人类多种肿瘤的发生发展密切相关,被认为是肿瘤发生过程中的关键信号通路,在肿瘤的侵袭和转移过程中发挥重要作用。本文着重对IL-6/JAK2/STAT3信号通路与肿瘤之间的关系进行综述,期待为以IL-6/JAK2/STAT3信号通路中关键分子为靶点的肿瘤治疗研究提供参考。展开更多
文摘JNK is a key regulator of many cellular events, including programmed cell death (apoptosis). In the absence of NF- κB activation, prolonged JNK activation contributes to TNF-α induced apoptosis. JNK is also essential for UV induced apoptosis. However, recent studies reveal that JNK can suppress apoptosis in IL-3-dependent hematopoietic cells via phosphorylation of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family protein BAD. Thus, JNK has pro- or antiapoptotic functions, depend- ing on cell type, nature of the death stimulus, duration of its activation and the activity of other signaling pathways.
文摘Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a recently identified T cell-derived cytokine whose biological significance remains obscure.Previously,we have shown that IL-22 plays a protective role in T cell-mediated hepatitis induced by Concanavalin A (Con A),acting as a survival factor for hepatocytes.In the present paper,we demonstrate that hydrodynamic gene delivery of IL-22 cDNA driven either by a liver-specific albumin promoter or a human cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter results in IL-22 protein expression,STAT3 activation,and expression of several anti-apoptotic proteins,including Bcl-xL,Bcl-2,and Mcl-1 in the liver.Immunohistochemical analysis reveals that IL-22 protein expression is mainly detected in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes.Overexpression of IL-22 by hydrodynamic gene delivery significantly protects against liver injury,necrosis,and apoptosis induced by administration of Con A,carbon tetrachloride (CCl_4),or the Fas agonist Jo-2 mAb.Western blot analyses show that overexpression of IL-22 significantly enhances activation of STAT3 and expression of Bcl-xL,Bcl-2, and Mcl-1 proteins in liver injury induced by Con A.In conclusion,hydrodynamic gene delivery of IL-22 protects against liver injury induced by a variety of toxins,suggesting the therapeutic potential of IL-22 in treating human liver disease.Cellular & Molecular Immunology.2004;1(1):43-49.
文摘白细胞介素是由多种细胞产生并作用于多种细胞的一类细胞因子。白细胞介素家族成员包括白细胞介素-1(interleukin-1,IL-1)、白细胞介素-2(interleukin-2,IL-2)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、多集落刺激因子、合成抑制因子等,影响细胞的增殖、生存、分化、迁移、侵袭、转移、血管生成、炎症和代谢。其中,白细胞介素-6可激活酪氨酸蛋白激酶2(janus kinase 2,JAK2)-信号传导与转录激活因子3(signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,STAT3)信号通路。JAK2/STAT3信号通路作为细胞内重要信号转导通路之一,通过影响下游多种效应分子的活化状态,从而在细胞增殖分化中起重要作用。JAK2/STAT3信号通路的激活参与了肿瘤发生、发展等多个环节,促成了肿瘤炎性微环境的形成,它与人类多种肿瘤的发生发展密切相关,被认为是肿瘤发生过程中的关键信号通路,在肿瘤的侵袭和转移过程中发挥重要作用。本文着重对IL-6/JAK2/STAT3信号通路与肿瘤之间的关系进行综述,期待为以IL-6/JAK2/STAT3信号通路中关键分子为靶点的肿瘤治疗研究提供参考。
