目的检索并总结体外循环心脏手术中体温管理相关证据,为临床进行规范化的术中低温治疗及复温管理提供依据。方法应用PICO程式结构化临床问题,确定“体外循环心脏手术患者的体温管理”为研究问题,检索中国指南网,美国指南网,英国国家临...目的检索并总结体外循环心脏手术中体温管理相关证据,为临床进行规范化的术中低温治疗及复温管理提供依据。方法应用PICO程式结构化临床问题,确定“体外循环心脏手术患者的体温管理”为研究问题,检索中国指南网,美国指南网,英国国家临床医学研究所指南库,国际指南图书馆,英格兰学院间指南网,Up To Date,BMJ-Best Practice,Cochrane图书馆,PubMed,Web of Science,EMbase,CINAHL,中国生物医学数据库,中国知网,万方医学数据库,医脉通指南网。采用AGREEⅡ、AMSTAR 2、GRADE评价工具对纳入的文献进行质量评价。结果共纳入文献12篇,包括指南3篇,证据汇总2篇,系统评价7篇,最终提取17条证据,总结出15条审查指标,包括术前评估,预保温,体温监测,浅/中/深低温体外循环手术的降温和复温速率、目标值、温度梯度,复苏时的体温管理等具体内容。结论建议医务人员结合自身经验、临床情景及患者的意愿应用证据,并及时对证据进行更新,以期临床采用科学的方法进行体外循环手术患者的体温管理,确保体外循环手术患者的安全。展开更多
Perioperative hypothermia, core temperature below 36.0 ℃, transpires due to disruption of thermoregulationby anesthesia coupled with cold exposure to procedural surroundings and cleansing agents. Although most public...Perioperative hypothermia, core temperature below 36.0 ℃, transpires due to disruption of thermoregulationby anesthesia coupled with cold exposure to procedural surroundings and cleansing agents. Although most publications have focused on thermoregulation disruption with general anesthesia, neuraxial anesthesia may also cause significant hypothermia. The clinical consequences of perioperative hypothermia are multiple and include patient discomfort, shivering, platelet dysfunction, coagulopathy, and increased vasoconstriction associated with a higher risk of wound infection. Furthermore, postoperative cardiac events occur at a higher rate; although it is unclear whether this is due to increased oxygen consumption or norepinephrine levels. Hypothermia may also affect pharmacokinetics and prolong postoperative recovery times and hospital length of stay. In order to combat perioperative hypothermia, many prevention strategies have been examined. Active and passive cutaneous warming are likely the most common and aim to both warm and prevent heat loss; many consider active warming a standard of care for surgeries over one hour. Intravenous nutrients have also been examined to boost metabolic heat production. Additionally, pharmacologic agents that induce vasoconstriction have been studied with the goal of minimizing heat loss. Despite these multiple strategies for prevention and treatment, hypothermia continues to be a problem and a common consequence of the perioperative period. This literature review presents the most recent evidence on the disruption of temperature regulation by anesthesia and perioperative environment, the consequences of hypothermia, and the methods for hypothermia prevention and treatment.展开更多
文摘目的检索并总结体外循环心脏手术中体温管理相关证据,为临床进行规范化的术中低温治疗及复温管理提供依据。方法应用PICO程式结构化临床问题,确定“体外循环心脏手术患者的体温管理”为研究问题,检索中国指南网,美国指南网,英国国家临床医学研究所指南库,国际指南图书馆,英格兰学院间指南网,Up To Date,BMJ-Best Practice,Cochrane图书馆,PubMed,Web of Science,EMbase,CINAHL,中国生物医学数据库,中国知网,万方医学数据库,医脉通指南网。采用AGREEⅡ、AMSTAR 2、GRADE评价工具对纳入的文献进行质量评价。结果共纳入文献12篇,包括指南3篇,证据汇总2篇,系统评价7篇,最终提取17条证据,总结出15条审查指标,包括术前评估,预保温,体温监测,浅/中/深低温体外循环手术的降温和复温速率、目标值、温度梯度,复苏时的体温管理等具体内容。结论建议医务人员结合自身经验、临床情景及患者的意愿应用证据,并及时对证据进行更新,以期临床采用科学的方法进行体外循环手术患者的体温管理,确保体外循环手术患者的安全。
文摘Perioperative hypothermia, core temperature below 36.0 ℃, transpires due to disruption of thermoregulationby anesthesia coupled with cold exposure to procedural surroundings and cleansing agents. Although most publications have focused on thermoregulation disruption with general anesthesia, neuraxial anesthesia may also cause significant hypothermia. The clinical consequences of perioperative hypothermia are multiple and include patient discomfort, shivering, platelet dysfunction, coagulopathy, and increased vasoconstriction associated with a higher risk of wound infection. Furthermore, postoperative cardiac events occur at a higher rate; although it is unclear whether this is due to increased oxygen consumption or norepinephrine levels. Hypothermia may also affect pharmacokinetics and prolong postoperative recovery times and hospital length of stay. In order to combat perioperative hypothermia, many prevention strategies have been examined. Active and passive cutaneous warming are likely the most common and aim to both warm and prevent heat loss; many consider active warming a standard of care for surgeries over one hour. Intravenous nutrients have also been examined to boost metabolic heat production. Additionally, pharmacologic agents that induce vasoconstriction have been studied with the goal of minimizing heat loss. Despite these multiple strategies for prevention and treatment, hypothermia continues to be a problem and a common consequence of the perioperative period. This literature review presents the most recent evidence on the disruption of temperature regulation by anesthesia and perioperative environment, the consequences of hypothermia, and the methods for hypothermia prevention and treatment.
文摘目的：比较心肺复苏（ CPR）同时即刻降温与常规复苏和复苏后降温治疗对复苏成功率、存活率、神经系统功能等的影响。方法24只健康雄性新西兰家兔采用4 min室颤模型，随机分为三组，每组8只。常温复苏（ normothermia theat， NT）组：常规致颤复苏，不行降温干预。复苏中降温（ intra－arrest therapeutic hypothermia， IATH）组：于CPR同时启动颈部快速降温，目标脑温为34℃，以后维持目标脑温至自主循环恢复（ ROSC ）后4 h。复苏后1 h降温（ post －arrest therapeutic hypothermia， PATH ）组：于CPR后1 h 启动颈部快速降温，目标脑温为34℃，余同IATH组。观察复苏成功率，4 h内脑温、肛温、血流动力学及呼吸功能的变化，24 h神经功能缺损评分（ NDS）评分。结果 IATH组有7只、NT组和PATH组分别有4只和5只复苏成功；在诱发室颤4 min后，各组肛温、脑温比较差异无统计学意义；经过4 min CPR，IATH组、NT组、PATH组脑温分别为（37．4±0．7）℃、（38．2±0．3）℃、（38．1±0．5）℃，IATH组与另外两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）；各组肛温比较差异无统计学意义。在CPR 4 min内，IATH 组舒张压从5．2 mm Hg升至32．0 mm Hg，而NT组从5．7 mm Hg增高至22．0 mm Hg，PATH组从5．4 mm Hg增高至21．0 mm Hg（P＜0．05）；复苏期间各组收缩压比较差异无统计学意义。 IATH组48 h存活率明显高于NT组（P＜0．05）。复苏后24 h NDS评分各组均较差，各组比较差异无统计学意义，但颈部降温组的评分还是好于NT组。结论在CPR同时早期选择颈部降温不仅能降低脑温还能提高复苏时舒张压，进而提升复苏时的冠状动脉灌注压，提高CPR成功率和48 h生存率。
