Tanycytes, specialized ependymal cells located in the hypothalamus, play a crucial role in the generation of new neurons that contribute to the neural circuits responsible for regulating the systemic energy balance. T...Tanycytes, specialized ependymal cells located in the hypothalamus, play a crucial role in the generation of new neurons that contribute to the neural circuits responsible for regulating the systemic energy balance. The precise coordination of the gene networks controlling neurogenesis in naive and mature tanycytes is essential for maintaining homeostasis in adulthood. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that govern the proliferation and differentiation of tanycytes into neurons remains limited. This article aims to review the recent advancements in research into the mechanisms and functions of tanycyte-derived neurogenesis. Studies employing lineage-tracing techniques have revealed that the neurogenesis specifically originating from tanycytes in the hypothalamus has a compensatory role in neuronal loss and helps maintain energy homeostasis during metabolic diseases. Intriguingly,metabolic disorders are considered early biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore,the neurogenic potential of tanycytes and the state of newborn neurons derived from tanycytes heavily depend on the maintenance of mild microenvironments, which may be disrupted in Alzheimer's disease due to the impaired blood–brain barrier function.However, the specific alterations and regulatory mechanisms governing tanycyte-derived neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease remain unclear. Accumulating evidence suggests that tanycyte-derived neurogenesis might be impaired in Alzheimer's disease, exacerbating neurodegeneration. Confirming this hypothesis, however, poses a challenge because of the lack of long-term tracing and nucleus-specific analyses of newborn neurons in the hypothalamus of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Further research into the molecular mechanisms underlying tanycyte-derived neurogenesis holds promise for identifying small molecules capable of restoring tanycyte proliferation in neurodegenerative diseases. This line of investigation could provide valuable insights into potential therapeu展开更多
下丘脑是参与进食调控的重要脑区,具有复杂的环路调控机制。然而,是否存在下丘脑以外同样发挥体重调节功能的神经核团尚不清楚。本试验利用神经环路示踪技术,鉴定向背肩胛棕色脂肪组织(interscapular brown adipose tissue, IBAT)发送...下丘脑是参与进食调控的重要脑区,具有复杂的环路调控机制。然而,是否存在下丘脑以外同样发挥体重调节功能的神经核团尚不清楚。本试验利用神经环路示踪技术,鉴定向背肩胛棕色脂肪组织(interscapular brown adipose tissue, IBAT)发送神经元投射的神经元类型和分布,探究中枢神经元及神经环路调节能量稳态的形态学基础。首先通过报告基因和逆行示踪识别囊泡型谷氨酸转运体2(vesicular glutamate transporter 2, VGlut2)和细胞外调节蛋白激酶(extracellular regulated protein kinase, ERK)神经元,顺行示踪试验拓展VGlut2神经元发送神经支配的大脑区域。化学遗传技术验证VGlut2免疫阳性神经元的体重和采食调控作用。结果显示:LC^(VGlut2::ERK)神经元向IBAT发送密集的神经支配信号。ERK免疫阳性神经元富集表达在LC,可作为LC特异性标记物。LC^(VGlut2)神经元向纹状体(neurons project to the striatum, CPu)、第二运动皮层(secondary motor cortex, M2)、下丘脑腹内侧核(ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, VMH)和迷走神经背核(dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, DMV)发送神经元投射。化学遗传激活LC^(VGlut2)神经元显著降低小鼠体重(P=0.016 5)和采食(P=0.029 0)。综上,LC^(VGlut2)神经元参与小鼠的体重调节过程。鉴定除下丘脑室旁核(paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus, PVN)以外的谷氨酸能神经元及调节体重的下游神经环路,将进一步加深对于摄食行为和摄食过程中神经调控机制的了解,为研究和干预肥胖相关的疾病提供新思路。展开更多
Distribution of peptidergic neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus(PVN)of the rat was investigated by means of immunohistochemical technique,and thearea,perimeter,maximum diameter,minimum diameter and gre...Distribution of peptidergic neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus(PVN)of the rat was investigated by means of immunohistochemical technique,and thearea,perimeter,maximum diameter,minimum diameter and grey scale of peptidergicneuronal cell bodies were measured with an image analyser.All of these peptidergicneurons,oxytocin(OXY)-,vasopressin(VP)-,substance P(SP)-,corticotropin releasingfactor(CRF)-,thyrotropin releasing hormone(TRH)-,neurotensin(NT)-,cholecystokinin(CCK)-,somatostatin(SOM)-,galanin(GAL)-,leucine-enkephalin(L-ENK)-,vasoactive intestine polypeptide(VIP)-,and ACTH-like neurons,were ob-served in the PVN.The data of image analysis showed that the area of peptidergicneuronal cell bodies in the magnocellular subnucleus part of the PVN was similar,but wasdifferent in the parvocellular subnucleus part of the PVN.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.31871477,32170971 (both to SQ)the Qing-Feng Scholar Research Foundation of Shanghai Medical College,Fudan University,No.QF2212 (to HT)。
文摘Tanycytes, specialized ependymal cells located in the hypothalamus, play a crucial role in the generation of new neurons that contribute to the neural circuits responsible for regulating the systemic energy balance. The precise coordination of the gene networks controlling neurogenesis in naive and mature tanycytes is essential for maintaining homeostasis in adulthood. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that govern the proliferation and differentiation of tanycytes into neurons remains limited. This article aims to review the recent advancements in research into the mechanisms and functions of tanycyte-derived neurogenesis. Studies employing lineage-tracing techniques have revealed that the neurogenesis specifically originating from tanycytes in the hypothalamus has a compensatory role in neuronal loss and helps maintain energy homeostasis during metabolic diseases. Intriguingly,metabolic disorders are considered early biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore,the neurogenic potential of tanycytes and the state of newborn neurons derived from tanycytes heavily depend on the maintenance of mild microenvironments, which may be disrupted in Alzheimer's disease due to the impaired blood–brain barrier function.However, the specific alterations and regulatory mechanisms governing tanycyte-derived neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease remain unclear. Accumulating evidence suggests that tanycyte-derived neurogenesis might be impaired in Alzheimer's disease, exacerbating neurodegeneration. Confirming this hypothesis, however, poses a challenge because of the lack of long-term tracing and nucleus-specific analyses of newborn neurons in the hypothalamus of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Further research into the molecular mechanisms underlying tanycyte-derived neurogenesis holds promise for identifying small molecules capable of restoring tanycyte proliferation in neurodegenerative diseases. This line of investigation could provide valuable insights into potential therapeu
文摘下丘脑是参与进食调控的重要脑区,具有复杂的环路调控机制。然而,是否存在下丘脑以外同样发挥体重调节功能的神经核团尚不清楚。本试验利用神经环路示踪技术,鉴定向背肩胛棕色脂肪组织(interscapular brown adipose tissue, IBAT)发送神经元投射的神经元类型和分布,探究中枢神经元及神经环路调节能量稳态的形态学基础。首先通过报告基因和逆行示踪识别囊泡型谷氨酸转运体2(vesicular glutamate transporter 2, VGlut2)和细胞外调节蛋白激酶(extracellular regulated protein kinase, ERK)神经元,顺行示踪试验拓展VGlut2神经元发送神经支配的大脑区域。化学遗传技术验证VGlut2免疫阳性神经元的体重和采食调控作用。结果显示:LC^(VGlut2::ERK)神经元向IBAT发送密集的神经支配信号。ERK免疫阳性神经元富集表达在LC,可作为LC特异性标记物。LC^(VGlut2)神经元向纹状体(neurons project to the striatum, CPu)、第二运动皮层(secondary motor cortex, M2)、下丘脑腹内侧核(ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, VMH)和迷走神经背核(dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, DMV)发送神经元投射。化学遗传激活LC^(VGlut2)神经元显著降低小鼠体重(P=0.016 5)和采食(P=0.029 0)。综上,LC^(VGlut2)神经元参与小鼠的体重调节过程。鉴定除下丘脑室旁核(paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus, PVN)以外的谷氨酸能神经元及调节体重的下游神经环路,将进一步加深对于摄食行为和摄食过程中神经调控机制的了解,为研究和干预肥胖相关的疾病提供新思路。
文摘Distribution of peptidergic neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus(PVN)of the rat was investigated by means of immunohistochemical technique,and thearea,perimeter,maximum diameter,minimum diameter and grey scale of peptidergicneuronal cell bodies were measured with an image analyser.All of these peptidergicneurons,oxytocin(OXY)-,vasopressin(VP)-,substance P(SP)-,corticotropin releasingfactor(CRF)-,thyrotropin releasing hormone(TRH)-,neurotensin(NT)-,cholecystokinin(CCK)-,somatostatin(SOM)-,galanin(GAL)-,leucine-enkephalin(L-ENK)-,vasoactive intestine polypeptide(VIP)-,and ACTH-like neurons,were ob-served in the PVN.The data of image analysis showed that the area of peptidergicneuronal cell bodies in the magnocellular subnucleus part of the PVN was similar,but wasdifferent in the parvocellular subnucleus part of the PVN.
