针对高速列车的动力学性能评价标准中所涉及的评价内容、评价方法、评价指标及限值展开综述,围绕蛇行运动稳定性、脱轨安全性和运行平稳性展开标准分析和对比,包括ISO系列、UIC系列、EN系列、TSI系列、FRA系列、APTA系列和中国国标等法...针对高速列车的动力学性能评价标准中所涉及的评价内容、评价方法、评价指标及限值展开综述,围绕蛇行运动稳定性、脱轨安全性和运行平稳性展开标准分析和对比,包括ISO系列、UIC系列、EN系列、TSI系列、FRA系列、APTA系列和中国国标等法律规范、行业标准、技术规范等,指出不足或改进建议;对具有代表性的动力学标准进行详细对比,包括新旧版本国标《机车车辆动力学性能评定及试验鉴定规范》(GB/T 5599)、国际铁路联盟Testing and Approval of RailwayVehicles from the Point of View of Their Dynamic Behaviour—Safety—Track Fatigue—Running Behaviour(UIC 518)、俄罗斯Railway Multiple Units—Durability and Dynamics Requirements(GOST/R 55495)等;对北美FRA和APTA系列标准规定的理想轨道激励下动态响应、准静态性能评价方法等进行应用示范。研究结果表明:蛇行运动稳定性均通过构架横向加速度、构架力或轮轨力进行评判,而数值仿真、台架和线路试验需选择对应适用的方法;结合现阶段中国高速列车的长期服役动力学性能,若列车以400 km·h^(-1)及以上速度运行时,建议加速度滤波带宽仍采用0.5~10.0 Hz,幅值限值建议7 Hz以内为8 m·s^(-2),而7~9 Hz放宽至10 m·s^(-2),并持续10次、2 s或100 m;针对爬轨脱轨安全性评估,现有标准均基于轮轨力和车轮抬升量进行动态和静态评判,但在指标限值、持续作用时间或运行距离上存在差异,建议采用车轮脱轨系数和轮重减载率的联合评判方法;新版GB/T 5599删除了倾覆系数和轮轨横向力指标,放宽了轮重减载率限值,轮轴横向力限值维持不变;GOST/R 55495评价方法不区分车辆类型,采用构架力而非轮轨力对运行安全性进行评价,横垂向平稳性指标计算时采用相同的频域加权,且低频段加权带宽及幅值显著比GB/T 5599大,不对平稳性指标进行分级评价;复兴号CR400BF动车组的运行安全性指标展开更多
The influences of steady aerodynamic loads on hunting stability of high-speed railway vehicles were investigated in this study.A mechanism is suggested to explain the change of hunting behavior due to actions of aerod...The influences of steady aerodynamic loads on hunting stability of high-speed railway vehicles were investigated in this study.A mechanism is suggested to explain the change of hunting behavior due to actions of aerodynamic loads：the aerodynamic loads can change the position of vehicle system（consequently the contact relations）,the wheel/rail normal contact forces,the gravitational restoring forces/moments and the creep forces/moments.A mathematical model for hunting stability incorporating such influences was developed.A computer program capable of incorporating the effects of aerodynamic loads based on the model was written,and the critical speeds were calculated using this program.The dependences of linear and nonlinear critical speeds on suspension parameters considering aerodynamic loads were analyzed by using the orthogonal test method,the results were also compared with the situations without aerodynamic loads.It is shown that the most dominant factors a ff ecting linear and nonlinear critical speeds are different whether the aerodynamic loads considered or not.The damping of yaw damper is the most dominant influencing factor for linear critical speeds,while the damping of lateral damper is most dominant for nonlinear ones.When the influences of aerodynamic loads are considered,the linear critical speeds decrease with the rise of cross wind velocity,whereas it is not the case for the nonlinear critical speeds.The variation trends of critical speeds with suspension parameters can be significantly changed by aerodynamic loads.Combined actions of aerodynamic loads and suspension parameters also a ff ect the critical speeds.The effects of such joint action are more obvious for nonlinear critical speeds.展开更多
文摘针对高速列车的动力学性能评价标准中所涉及的评价内容、评价方法、评价指标及限值展开综述,围绕蛇行运动稳定性、脱轨安全性和运行平稳性展开标准分析和对比,包括ISO系列、UIC系列、EN系列、TSI系列、FRA系列、APTA系列和中国国标等法律规范、行业标准、技术规范等,指出不足或改进建议;对具有代表性的动力学标准进行详细对比,包括新旧版本国标《机车车辆动力学性能评定及试验鉴定规范》(GB/T 5599)、国际铁路联盟Testing and Approval of RailwayVehicles from the Point of View of Their Dynamic Behaviour—Safety—Track Fatigue—Running Behaviour(UIC 518)、俄罗斯Railway Multiple Units—Durability and Dynamics Requirements(GOST/R 55495)等;对北美FRA和APTA系列标准规定的理想轨道激励下动态响应、准静态性能评价方法等进行应用示范。研究结果表明:蛇行运动稳定性均通过构架横向加速度、构架力或轮轨力进行评判,而数值仿真、台架和线路试验需选择对应适用的方法;结合现阶段中国高速列车的长期服役动力学性能,若列车以400 km·h^(-1)及以上速度运行时,建议加速度滤波带宽仍采用0.5~10.0 Hz,幅值限值建议7 Hz以内为8 m·s^(-2),而7~9 Hz放宽至10 m·s^(-2),并持续10次、2 s或100 m;针对爬轨脱轨安全性评估,现有标准均基于轮轨力和车轮抬升量进行动态和静态评判,但在指标限值、持续作用时间或运行距离上存在差异,建议采用车轮脱轨系数和轮重减载率的联合评判方法;新版GB/T 5599删除了倾覆系数和轮轨横向力指标,放宽了轮重减载率限值,轮轴横向力限值维持不变;GOST/R 55495评价方法不区分车辆类型,采用构架力而非轮轨力对运行安全性进行评价,横垂向平稳性指标计算时采用相同的频域加权,且低频段加权带宽及幅值显著比GB/T 5599大,不对平稳性指标进行分级评价;复兴号CR400BF动车组的运行安全性指标
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)of China(2011CB711100 and 2014CB046801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11072246 and51490673)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(KJCX2-EW-L01)
文摘The influences of steady aerodynamic loads on hunting stability of high-speed railway vehicles were investigated in this study.A mechanism is suggested to explain the change of hunting behavior due to actions of aerodynamic loads：the aerodynamic loads can change the position of vehicle system（consequently the contact relations）,the wheel/rail normal contact forces,the gravitational restoring forces/moments and the creep forces/moments.A mathematical model for hunting stability incorporating such influences was developed.A computer program capable of incorporating the effects of aerodynamic loads based on the model was written,and the critical speeds were calculated using this program.The dependences of linear and nonlinear critical speeds on suspension parameters considering aerodynamic loads were analyzed by using the orthogonal test method,the results were also compared with the situations without aerodynamic loads.It is shown that the most dominant factors a ff ecting linear and nonlinear critical speeds are different whether the aerodynamic loads considered or not.The damping of yaw damper is the most dominant influencing factor for linear critical speeds,while the damping of lateral damper is most dominant for nonlinear ones.When the influences of aerodynamic loads are considered,the linear critical speeds decrease with the rise of cross wind velocity,whereas it is not the case for the nonlinear critical speeds.The variation trends of critical speeds with suspension parameters can be significantly changed by aerodynamic loads.Combined actions of aerodynamic loads and suspension parameters also a ff ect the critical speeds.The effects of such joint action are more obvious for nonlinear critical speeds.
