Traditional rural homegarden agroforestry systems(referred to as homegarden) in the Western Sichuan Plain of China are often referred to as "Linpan" in Chinese. These homegardens are usually composed of farm...Traditional rural homegarden agroforestry systems(referred to as homegarden) in the Western Sichuan Plain of China are often referred to as "Linpan" in Chinese. These homegardens are usually composed of farm houses, trees, bamboos, and small patches of land for flowers, fruits and vegetables. Over the Western Sichuan Plain’s area of approximately 18,800 km^2, there were more than 200,000 homegardens, accommodating 72.5% of the region’s rural population. As a unique local, cultural, and ecological resource, homegardens continuously support peasant households with provisioning, regulation, and landscape ecosystem services. This study combined low height remote sensing used unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) photography, field investigation, and instrument monitoring. We try to identify the composition and structural characteristics of homegardens, as well as climatic regulation effects of the different types of homegardens. Temperature data were collected both for summer(June to August 2016) and winter(December 2016 to February 2017). The result shows that:(1) the average area of homegardens was 0.67 ha(sizes ranging from 0.16 ha to 1.24 ha), and with vegetation coverage 43.5%-76.9%(including 310 plant species).(2)In comparision with outside the homegardens, the average temperature inside the homegardens was significantly lower in summer(approximately 0.31 ℃-0.90 ℃). Although, the lowest summer temperature was differentiatee in between 13:30-16:00. Especially, the thermal effects of the home gardens were ranged from 2.00℃-2.65℃ at high temperatures(≥30℃).(3) The cooling effect of homegardens were positively correlated(p<0.05) with tree area(X_1), vegetation coverage(X_2), tree coverage(X_3), tree species(X_4), and tree biomassper unit area(X_5), and the contribution rate was represented by X_3>X_4>X_5>X_2>X_1.(4)This study indicates the major role of homegardens for climate regulation and energy efficiency, providing suggestions for homegarden transformation and construction planning for new rural communi展开更多
Homegarden plays a vital role for the livelihood of the people living in town. Homegarden agrobiodiversity was studied to highlight homegarden frequency, types, plant species, growth form and associated indigenous kno...Homegarden plays a vital role for the livelihood of the people living in town. Homegarden agrobiodiversity was studied to highlight homegarden frequency, types, plant species, growth form and associated indigenous knowledge. The research was conducted during January to April 2017. A total of 180 randomly selected households were included in the survey. Ethnobotanical data were collected from purposively selected 60 homegardens using observations and semi-structured interviews while markets survey was conducted through structured questionnaire for homegarden products. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and similarity and Shannon wiener diversity index. The results indicated that 128 (71%) of the households were practicing home gardening. The homegarden plant composition gave 78 species belonging to 35 families. The representative families and number of species under each family were founded that the family Solonaceae, and Rutaceae rank top of the list (6 species) each followed by Fabaceae and Lamiaceae (5 species each) and Asteraceae, Poaceae, Rosaceae and Brassicaceae (4 species) each. Catha edulis, Lantana camara and Ruta chalepensis had the highest frequency of species followed by the families Asteraceae, Rutaceae and Poaceae. Catha edulis, Rhammus prinoides and Ruta chalepensis were among the families found in homegardens. It can be concluded that homegrdens of Kombolcha are rich in biodiversity. The present study showed the existing status of homegardens and local knowledge contribution to the farming systems in conservation of the biological diversity. In addition, plant species providing substantial benefits and factors combined to determining homegarden diversity are documented.展开更多
This study was performed in five villages of Sandwip Upazila, Chittagong district with a view to identify the tree resources, utilization pattern and economic return of major fruit and timber tree species. Information...This study was performed in five villages of Sandwip Upazila, Chittagong district with a view to identify the tree resources, utilization pattern and economic return of major fruit and timber tree species. Information collected from a total of 60 households ranging from marginal, small, medium and large categories. Number of plant species increased with the increase of homestead area. A total of 33 plant species were recorded from the homegarden, of which 19 were fruit and 14 were timber tree species. Considerable number of vegetables was also planted under the shade of the homestead trees. The investment analysis showed that average benefit-cost ratios were greater than one, net present values were positive and internal rate of returns were more than 10%. Long term investment on horticulture and timber tree species is highly profitable if species like Artocarpus heterophyllus, Cocos nucifera, Tectona grandis and Swietenia macrophylla are planted.展开更多
High diversity of species in agroforestry homegardens play main agro-ecological</span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> roles in complex and sustainable land ...High diversity of species in agroforestry homegardens play main agro-ecological</span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> roles in complex and sustainable land use systems. Efforts are being made in <span>valuing and protecting the age-old practices of agroforestry on scientific basis in homegardens. This study attempted to analyse the scientific basis of households’ practices and </span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">to </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">develop strategies for the promotion of sustainable agroforestry homegardens in Matara district of Sri Lanka. Selected </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">households were interviewed measuring their concern using </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">5-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">point Likert scale, and analysed the qualitative data using non-parametric statistics. The study revealed that scientific basis of household practices in agroforestry homegardens are moderate in selection of appropriate trees and plants, and management of trees <span>and plant health care. Households pay little concern on scientific basis in planning</span> and site placement, land preparation and establishment of trees/crops, and implementing proper cultural practices. There is no significant correlation between scientific basis of practices in agroforestry in relation with size of homegardens, educational level of households, and across the category of their occupations. Resources to use scientific knowledge in practice, and opportunity to improve scientific skills have moderate correlation significantly while availability of scientific information and access to scientific knowledge have significant but low correlation as applying knowledge on scientific basis. The interest to acquire scientific knowledge, and sufficient time to improve scientific knowledge, and other reasons have no significant correlation with scientific basis of hous展开更多
A study was conducted to investigate the cultural and financial management techniques of betel leaf based agroforestry system practiced in or near homegardens of Khasia community in Jaintapur Upazila in the district o...A study was conducted to investigate the cultural and financial management techniques of betel leaf based agroforestry system practiced in or near homegardens of Khasia community in Jaintapur Upazila in the district of Sylhet, Bangladesh.The Khasia is an educated community where 100% of Khasia people were literate, a stunning fact for this ethnic community in Bangladesh.The average family size in the study area was 7.68, with a ration of male and females of 141:100.The homegardens of the Khasia are rich in species composi-tion, which 15 timber species, 22 horticultural species, six medicinal species, 13 annual crops including leafy vegetables, seven species of spices and five species of bamboo were identified along with betel leaf.The Khasia is an economically prosperous community with the minimum family incomes of Tk 4 000 per month(Tk.70=1 US Dollar).Betel leaf based agroforestry is very common being a prevalent source of income.About 95.45% of the households are involved in betel leaf husbandry.The mean annual income from one hectare of betel leaf plantation was estimated to be Tk.80979.This practice was proven to be a profitable business where the benefit cost ratio was calculated to be 4.47.Moreover, the species composition in the betel leaf plantation area(the forest area once utilized by Khasia for shifting cultivation) was found to be very promising to play the significant role in conservation of biological diversity making the practice a sus-tainable agroforestry system.展开更多
Traditional agroecosystems play an important role in the conservation of biodiversity and in sustainable development.As a typical type of traditional agroecosystem,traditional homegardens have been receiving increasin...Traditional agroecosystems play an important role in the conservation of biodiversity and in sustainable development.As a typical type of traditional agroecosystem,traditional homegardens have been receiving increasing attention from scientists,especially ethnobotanists.They are considered as germplasm banks for many crops and other economic plants.They are also a key site for domestication of wild plants.Current ethnobotanical studies on homegardens focus on their structures,floristic composition,and contributions to their owners.Traditional homegardens often show complicated structures,diverse floristic compositions,multiple functions,low input(including labor and money),and ecological and socioeconomic sustainability.The characteristics and functions of traditional homegardens are closely related to many factors,such as their geographic location and the cultural backgrounds and socioeconomic conditions of their owners.Many researches on homegardens are conducted in the tropics.There are few studies on the dynamics of traditional homegardens,especially those located in temperate,arid and semi-arid zones.The dynamics of homegardens and the factors affecting these processes will be a fruitful field for future research.展开更多
A study was conducted to investigate the cultural and financial management techniques of betel leaf based agroforestry system practiced in or near homegardens of Khasia community in Jaintapur Upazila in the district o...A study was conducted to investigate the cultural and financial management techniques of betel leaf based agroforestry system practiced in or near homegardens of Khasia community in Jaintapur Upazila in the district of Sylhet, Bangladesh. The Khasia is an edu- cated community where 100% of Khasia people were literate, a stunning fact for this ethnic community in Bangladesh. The average family size in the study area was 7.68, with a ration of male and females of 141：100. The homegardens of the Khasia are rich in species composition, which 15 timber species, 22 horticultural species, six medicinal species, 13 annual crops including leafy vegetables, seven species of spices and five species of bamboo were identified along with betel leaf. The Khasia is an economically prosperous community with the minimum family incomes of Tk 4 000 per month （Tk. 70=1 US Dollar）. Betel leaf based agroforestry is very common being a prevalent source of income. About 95.45% of the households are involved in betel leaf husbandry. The mean annual income from one hectare of be- tel leaf plantation was estimated to be Tk. 80979. This practice was proven to be a profitable business where the benefit cost ratio was cal- culated to be 4.47. Moreover, the species composition in the betel leaf plantation area （the forest area once utilized by Khasia for shifting cultivation） was found to be very promising to play the significant role in conservation of biological diversity making the practice a sustainable agroforestry system.展开更多
基金supported by the national Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41401664)the "135" Strategic Program of the Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS (No. SDS-135-1703)
文摘Traditional rural homegarden agroforestry systems(referred to as homegarden) in the Western Sichuan Plain of China are often referred to as "Linpan" in Chinese. These homegardens are usually composed of farm houses, trees, bamboos, and small patches of land for flowers, fruits and vegetables. Over the Western Sichuan Plain’s area of approximately 18,800 km^2, there were more than 200,000 homegardens, accommodating 72.5% of the region’s rural population. As a unique local, cultural, and ecological resource, homegardens continuously support peasant households with provisioning, regulation, and landscape ecosystem services. This study combined low height remote sensing used unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) photography, field investigation, and instrument monitoring. We try to identify the composition and structural characteristics of homegardens, as well as climatic regulation effects of the different types of homegardens. Temperature data were collected both for summer(June to August 2016) and winter(December 2016 to February 2017). The result shows that:(1) the average area of homegardens was 0.67 ha(sizes ranging from 0.16 ha to 1.24 ha), and with vegetation coverage 43.5%-76.9%(including 310 plant species).(2)In comparision with outside the homegardens, the average temperature inside the homegardens was significantly lower in summer(approximately 0.31 ℃-0.90 ℃). Although, the lowest summer temperature was differentiatee in between 13:30-16:00. Especially, the thermal effects of the home gardens were ranged from 2.00℃-2.65℃ at high temperatures(≥30℃).(3) The cooling effect of homegardens were positively correlated(p<0.05) with tree area(X_1), vegetation coverage(X_2), tree coverage(X_3), tree species(X_4), and tree biomassper unit area(X_5), and the contribution rate was represented by X_3>X_4>X_5>X_2>X_1.(4)This study indicates the major role of homegardens for climate regulation and energy efficiency, providing suggestions for homegarden transformation and construction planning for new rural communi
文摘Homegarden plays a vital role for the livelihood of the people living in town. Homegarden agrobiodiversity was studied to highlight homegarden frequency, types, plant species, growth form and associated indigenous knowledge. The research was conducted during January to April 2017. A total of 180 randomly selected households were included in the survey. Ethnobotanical data were collected from purposively selected 60 homegardens using observations and semi-structured interviews while markets survey was conducted through structured questionnaire for homegarden products. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and similarity and Shannon wiener diversity index. The results indicated that 128 (71%) of the households were practicing home gardening. The homegarden plant composition gave 78 species belonging to 35 families. The representative families and number of species under each family were founded that the family Solonaceae, and Rutaceae rank top of the list (6 species) each followed by Fabaceae and Lamiaceae (5 species each) and Asteraceae, Poaceae, Rosaceae and Brassicaceae (4 species) each. Catha edulis, Lantana camara and Ruta chalepensis had the highest frequency of species followed by the families Asteraceae, Rutaceae and Poaceae. Catha edulis, Rhammus prinoides and Ruta chalepensis were among the families found in homegardens. It can be concluded that homegrdens of Kombolcha are rich in biodiversity. The present study showed the existing status of homegardens and local knowledge contribution to the farming systems in conservation of the biological diversity. In addition, plant species providing substantial benefits and factors combined to determining homegarden diversity are documented.
文摘This study was performed in five villages of Sandwip Upazila, Chittagong district with a view to identify the tree resources, utilization pattern and economic return of major fruit and timber tree species. Information collected from a total of 60 households ranging from marginal, small, medium and large categories. Number of plant species increased with the increase of homestead area. A total of 33 plant species were recorded from the homegarden, of which 19 were fruit and 14 were timber tree species. Considerable number of vegetables was also planted under the shade of the homestead trees. The investment analysis showed that average benefit-cost ratios were greater than one, net present values were positive and internal rate of returns were more than 10%. Long term investment on horticulture and timber tree species is highly profitable if species like Artocarpus heterophyllus, Cocos nucifera, Tectona grandis and Swietenia macrophylla are planted.
文摘High diversity of species in agroforestry homegardens play main agro-ecological</span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> roles in complex and sustainable land use systems. Efforts are being made in <span>valuing and protecting the age-old practices of agroforestry on scientific basis in homegardens. This study attempted to analyse the scientific basis of households’ practices and </span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">to </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">develop strategies for the promotion of sustainable agroforestry homegardens in Matara district of Sri Lanka. Selected </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">households were interviewed measuring their concern using </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">5-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">point Likert scale, and analysed the qualitative data using non-parametric statistics. The study revealed that scientific basis of household practices in agroforestry homegardens are moderate in selection of appropriate trees and plants, and management of trees <span>and plant health care. Households pay little concern on scientific basis in planning</span> and site placement, land preparation and establishment of trees/crops, and implementing proper cultural practices. There is no significant correlation between scientific basis of practices in agroforestry in relation with size of homegardens, educational level of households, and across the category of their occupations. Resources to use scientific knowledge in practice, and opportunity to improve scientific skills have moderate correlation significantly while availability of scientific information and access to scientific knowledge have significant but low correlation as applying knowledge on scientific basis. The interest to acquire scientific knowledge, and sufficient time to improve scientific knowledge, and other reasons have no significant correlation with scientific basis of hous
文摘A study was conducted to investigate the cultural and financial management techniques of betel leaf based agroforestry system practiced in or near homegardens of Khasia community in Jaintapur Upazila in the district of Sylhet, Bangladesh.The Khasia is an educated community where 100% of Khasia people were literate, a stunning fact for this ethnic community in Bangladesh.The average family size in the study area was 7.68, with a ration of male and females of 141:100.The homegardens of the Khasia are rich in species composi-tion, which 15 timber species, 22 horticultural species, six medicinal species, 13 annual crops including leafy vegetables, seven species of spices and five species of bamboo were identified along with betel leaf.The Khasia is an economically prosperous community with the minimum family incomes of Tk 4 000 per month(Tk.70=1 US Dollar).Betel leaf based agroforestry is very common being a prevalent source of income.About 95.45% of the households are involved in betel leaf husbandry.The mean annual income from one hectare of betel leaf plantation was estimated to be Tk.80979.This practice was proven to be a profitable business where the benefit cost ratio was calculated to be 4.47.Moreover, the species composition in the betel leaf plantation area(the forest area once utilized by Khasia for shifting cultivation) was found to be very promising to play the significant role in conservation of biological diversity making the practice a sus-tainable agroforestry system.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30770220).
文摘Traditional agroecosystems play an important role in the conservation of biodiversity and in sustainable development.As a typical type of traditional agroecosystem,traditional homegardens have been receiving increasing attention from scientists,especially ethnobotanists.They are considered as germplasm banks for many crops and other economic plants.They are also a key site for domestication of wild plants.Current ethnobotanical studies on homegardens focus on their structures,floristic composition,and contributions to their owners.Traditional homegardens often show complicated structures,diverse floristic compositions,multiple functions,low input(including labor and money),and ecological and socioeconomic sustainability.The characteristics and functions of traditional homegardens are closely related to many factors,such as their geographic location and the cultural backgrounds and socioeconomic conditions of their owners.Many researches on homegardens are conducted in the tropics.There are few studies on the dynamics of traditional homegardens,especially those located in temperate,arid and semi-arid zones.The dynamics of homegardens and the factors affecting these processes will be a fruitful field for future research.
文摘A study was conducted to investigate the cultural and financial management techniques of betel leaf based agroforestry system practiced in or near homegardens of Khasia community in Jaintapur Upazila in the district of Sylhet, Bangladesh. The Khasia is an edu- cated community where 100% of Khasia people were literate, a stunning fact for this ethnic community in Bangladesh. The average family size in the study area was 7.68, with a ration of male and females of 141：100. The homegardens of the Khasia are rich in species composition, which 15 timber species, 22 horticultural species, six medicinal species, 13 annual crops including leafy vegetables, seven species of spices and five species of bamboo were identified along with betel leaf. The Khasia is an economically prosperous community with the minimum family incomes of Tk 4 000 per month （Tk. 70=1 US Dollar）. Betel leaf based agroforestry is very common being a prevalent source of income. About 95.45% of the households are involved in betel leaf husbandry. The mean annual income from one hectare of be- tel leaf plantation was estimated to be Tk. 80979. This practice was proven to be a profitable business where the benefit cost ratio was cal- culated to be 4.47. Moreover, the species composition in the betel leaf plantation area （the forest area once utilized by Khasia for shifting cultivation） was found to be very promising to play the significant role in conservation of biological diversity making the practice a sustainable agroforestry system.
