The 21st century is the age of information when information becomes an important strategic resource. The information obtaining, processing and security guarantee capability are playing critical roles in comprehensive ...The 21st century is the age of information when information becomes an important strategic resource. The information obtaining, processing and security guarantee capability are playing critical roles in comprehensive national power, and information security is related to the national security and social stability. Therefore, we should take measures to ensure the information security of our country. In recent years, momentous accomplishments have been obtained with the rapid development of information security technology. There are extensive theories about information security and technology. However, due to the limitation of length, this article mainly focuses on the research and development of cryptology, trusted computing, security of network, and information hiding, etc.展开更多
伴随着数据共享、隐私保护、知识发现等多重需求而产生的PPDM(privacy preserving data mining),成为数据挖掘和信息安全领域近几年来的研究热点.PPDM中主要考虑两个层面的问题:一是敏感数据的隐藏与保护;二是数据中蕴涵的敏感知识的隐...伴随着数据共享、隐私保护、知识发现等多重需求而产生的PPDM(privacy preserving data mining),成为数据挖掘和信息安全领域近几年来的研究热点.PPDM中主要考虑两个层面的问题:一是敏感数据的隐藏与保护;二是数据中蕴涵的敏感知识的隐藏与保护(knowledge hiding in database,简称KHD).对目前的KHD技术进行分类和综述.首先介绍KHD产生的背景,然后着重讨论敏感关联规则隐藏技术和分类规则隐藏技术,接着探讨KHD方法的评估指标,最后归结出KHD后续研究的3个方向:数据修改技巧中基于目标距离的优化测度函数设计、数据重构技巧中的反向频繁项集挖掘以及基于数据抽样技巧的通用知识隐藏方法设计.展开更多
Advanced cloud computing technology provides cost saving and flexibility of services for users.With the explosion of multimedia data,more and more data owners would outsource their personal multimedia data on the clou...Advanced cloud computing technology provides cost saving and flexibility of services for users.With the explosion of multimedia data,more and more data owners would outsource their personal multimedia data on the cloud.In the meantime,some computationally expensive tasks are also undertaken by cloud servers.However,the outsourced multimedia data and its applications may reveal the data owner’s private information because the data owners lose the control of their data.Recently,this thought has aroused new research interest on privacy-preserving reversible data hiding over outsourced multimedia data.In this paper,two reversible data hiding schemes are proposed for encrypted image data in cloud computing:reversible data hiding by homomorphic encryption and reversible data hiding in encrypted domain.The former is that additional bits are extracted after decryption and the latter is that extracted before decryption.Meanwhile,a combined scheme is also designed.This paper proposes the privacy-preserving outsourcing scheme of reversible data hiding over encrypted image data in cloud computing,which not only ensures multimedia data security without relying on the trustworthiness of cloud servers,but also guarantees that reversible data hiding can be operated over encrypted images at the different stages.Theoretical analysis confirms the correctness of the proposed encryption model and justifies the security of the proposed scheme.The computation cost of the proposed scheme is acceptable and adjusts to different security levels.展开更多
The traditional information hiding methods embed the secret information by modifying the carrier,which will inevitably leave traces of modification on the carrier.In this way,it is hard to resist the detection of steg...The traditional information hiding methods embed the secret information by modifying the carrier,which will inevitably leave traces of modification on the carrier.In this way,it is hard to resist the detection of steganalysis algorithm.To address this problem,the concept of coverless information hiding was proposed.Coverless information hiding can effectively resist steganalysis algorithm,since it uses unmodified natural stego-carriers to represent and convey confidential information.However,the state-of-the-arts method has a low hidden capacity,which makes it less appealing.Because the pixel values of different regions of the molecular structure images of material(MSIM)are usually different,this paper proposes a novel coverless information hiding method based on MSIM,which utilizes the average value of sub-image’s pixels to represent the secret information,according to the mapping between pixel value intervals and secret information.In addition,we employ a pseudo-random label sequence that is used to determine the position of sub-images to improve the security of the method.And the histogram of the Bag of words model(BOW)is used to determine the number of subimages in the image that convey secret information.Moreover,to improve the retrieval efficiency,we built a multi-level inverted index structure.Furthermore,the proposed method can also be used for other natural images.Compared with the state-of-the-arts,experimental results and analysis manifest that our method has better performance in anti-steganalysis,security and capacity.展开更多
The aim of information hiding is to embed the secret message in a normal cover media such as image,video,voice or text,and then the secret message is transmitted through the transmission of the cover media.The secret ...The aim of information hiding is to embed the secret message in a normal cover media such as image,video,voice or text,and then the secret message is transmitted through the transmission of the cover media.The secret message should not be damaged on the process of the cover media.In order to ensure the invisibility of secret message,complex texture objects should be chosen for embedding information.In this paper,an approach which corresponds multiple steganographic algorithms to complex texture objects was presented for hiding secret message.Firstly,complex texture regions are selected based on a kind of objects detection algorithm.Secondly,three different steganographic methods were used to hide secret message into the selected block region.Experimental results show that the approach enhances the security and robustness.展开更多
Increasingly powerful computational technology has caused enormous data growth both in size and complexity. A key issue is how to organize the data to adapt the challenges of data analysis. This paper borrows ideas fr...Increasingly powerful computational technology has caused enormous data growth both in size and complexity. A key issue is how to organize the data to adapt the challenges of data analysis. This paper borrows ideas from the Internet of things （IOT） into the digital world and organize the data entities to form a network, the Internet of data （IOD）, which has huge potential in data-intensive applications. In the IOD, data hiding technology is utilized to embed virtual tags, which record all the activities of the data entities since they are created, into every data entity in the system. The IOD aims to organize the data to be interconnected as a network and collect useful information for data identification, data tracing, data vitalization and further data analysis.展开更多
A novel reversible data hiding algorithm for H.264/AVC videos is proposed. Histogram Shifting （HS） of motion vector values is used efficiently in reversible data hiding to embed data. By designating a specific decod...A novel reversible data hiding algorithm for H.264/AVC videos is proposed. Histogram Shifting （HS） of motion vector values is used efficiently in reversible data hiding to embed data. By designating a specific decoded reference frame, the distortion accumulation effects due to modification of the motion vectors is overcome. All the extracted information can be recovered without loss of the original compressed video carrier. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is simple, has higher capacity and invisibility than other existing schemes, and can adjust the relationship between capacity and invisibility according to embedded load.展开更多
Traditional steganography is the practice of embedding a secret message into an image by modifying the information in the spatial or frequency domain of the cover image.Although this method has a large embedding capac...Traditional steganography is the practice of embedding a secret message into an image by modifying the information in the spatial or frequency domain of the cover image.Although this method has a large embedding capacity,it inevitably leaves traces of rewriting that can eventually be discovered by the enemy.The method of Steganography by Cover Synthesis(SCS)attempts to construct a natural stego image,so that the cover image is not modified;thus,it can overcome detection by a steganographic analyzer.Due to the difficulty in constructing natural stego images,the development of SCS is limited.In this paper,a novel generative SCS method based on a Generative Adversarial Network(GAN)for image steganography is proposed.In our method,we design a GAN model called Synthetic Semantics Stego Generative Adversarial Network(SSS-GAN)to generate stego images from secret messages.By establishing a mapping relationship between secret messages and semantic category information,category labels can generate pseudo-real images via the generative model.Then,the receiver can recognize the labels via the classifier network to restore the concealed information in communications.We trained the model on the MINIST,CIFAR-10,and CIFAR-100 image datasets.Experiments show the feasibility of this method.The security,capacity,and robustness of the method are analyzed.展开更多
According to the distribution characteristics of short and repeated sequence （SRS）, a steganaiytic method based on the correlation of image bit planes is proposed. Firstly, we provide the conception of SRS distance ...According to the distribution characteristics of short and repeated sequence （SRS）, a steganaiytic method based on the correlation of image bit planes is proposed. Firstly, we provide the conception of SRS distance statistics and deduce its statistical distribution. Because the SRS distance statistics can effectively reflect the correlation of the sequence, SRS has statistical features when the image bit plane sequence equals the image width. Using this characteristic, the steganalytic method is fulfilled by the distinct test of Poisson distribution. Experimental results show a good performance for detecting LSB matching steganographic method in still images. By the way, the proposed method is not designed for specific steganographic algorithms and has good generality.展开更多
A delegateable signature scheme （DSS） which was first introduced by Barak is mainly based on the non-interactive zero-knowledge proof （NIZK） for preventing the signing verifier from telling which witness （i.e., r...A delegateable signature scheme （DSS） which was first introduced by Barak is mainly based on the non-interactive zero-knowledge proof （NIZK） for preventing the signing verifier from telling which witness （i.e., restricted subset） is being used. However, the scheme is not significantly efficient due to the difficulty of constructing NIZK. We first show that a non-interactive witness indistinguishable （NlWl） proof system and a non-interactive witness hiding （NIWH） proof system are easier and more efficient proof models than NIZK in some cases. Furthermore, the witnesses em- ployed in these two protocols （NlWl and NIWT） cannot also be distinguished by the verifiers. Combined with the E-protocol, we then construct NlWl and NIWH proofs for any NP statement under the existence of one-way functions and show that each proof is different from those under the existence of trapdoor permutations, Finally, based on our NlWl and NIWH proofs, we construct delegateable signature schemes under the existence of one-way functions, which are more efficient than Barak＇s scheme under the existence of trapdoor permutations.展开更多
The difficulty of extracting hidden information, which is essentially a kindof secrecy, is analyzed by information-theoretic method. The relations between key rate, messagerate, hiding capacity and difficulty of extra...The difficulty of extracting hidden information, which is essentially a kindof secrecy, is analyzed by information-theoretic method. The relations between key rate, messagerate, hiding capacity and difficulty of extraction are studied in the terms of unicity distance ofstego-key, and the theoretic conclusion is used to analyze the actual extracting attack on LeastSignificant Bit(LSB) steganographic algorithms.展开更多
In this paper, we analyze the structure of the orders of matrices (mod n), and present the relation between the orders of matrices over finite fields and their Jordan normal forms. Then we generalize 2-dimensional Arn...In this paper, we analyze the structure of the orders of matrices (mod n), and present the relation between the orders of matrices over finite fields and their Jordan normal forms. Then we generalize 2-dimensional Arnold transformation matrix to two types of n-dimensional Arnold transformation matrices: A-type Arnold transformation matrix and B-type transformation matrix, and analyze their orders and other properties based on our earlier results about the orders of matrices.展开更多
Stochastic modulation steganography embeds secret message within the cover image by adding stego-noise with a specific probabilistic distribution. No method is known to be applicable to the estimation of stochastic mo...Stochastic modulation steganography embeds secret message within the cover image by adding stego-noise with a specific probabilistic distribution. No method is known to be applicable to the estimation of stochastic modulation steganography. By analyzing the distributions of the horizontal pixel difference of images before and after stochastic modulation embedding, we present a new steganalytic approach to accurately estimate the length of secret message in stochastic modulation steganography. The pro- posed method first establishes a model describing the statistical relationship among the differences of the cover image, stego-image and stego-noise. In the case of stegoimage-only steganalysis, rough estimate of the distributional parameters of the cover image＇s pixel difference is obtained with the use of the provided stego-image. And grid search and Chi-square goodness of fit test are exploited to estimate the length of the secret message embedded with stochastic modulation steganography. The experimental results demonstrate that our new approach is effective for steganalyzing stochastic modulation steganography and accurately estimating the length of the secret message.展开更多
Deep neural network has proven to be very effective in computer vision fields.Deep convolutional network can learn the most suitable features of certain images without specific measure functions and outperform lots of...Deep neural network has proven to be very effective in computer vision fields.Deep convolutional network can learn the most suitable features of certain images without specific measure functions and outperform lots of traditional image processing methods.Generative adversarial network(GAN)is becoming one of the highlights among these deep neural networks.GAN is capable of generating realistic images which are imperceptible to the human vision system so that the generated images can be directly used as intermediate medium for many tasks.One promising application of using GAN generated images would be image concealing which requires the embedded image looks like not being tampered to human vision system and also undetectable to most analyzers.Texture synthesizing has drawn lots of attention in computer vision field and is used for image concealing in steganography and watermark.The traditional methods which use synthesized textures for information hiding mainly select features and mathematic functions by human metrics and usually have a low embedding rate.This paper takes advantage of the generative network and proposes an approach for synthesizing complex texture-like image of arbitrary size using a modified deep convolutional generative adversarial network(DCGAN),and then demonstrates the feasibility of embedding another image inside the generated texture while the difference between the two images is nearly invisible to the human eyes.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.60373087,60673071and 60572155)the National High-Tech Development 863 Progranm of China(Grant No.2006AA01Z442)
文摘The 21st century is the age of information when information becomes an important strategic resource. The information obtaining, processing and security guarantee capability are playing critical roles in comprehensive national power, and information security is related to the national security and social stability. Therefore, we should take measures to ensure the information security of our country. In recent years, momentous accomplishments have been obtained with the rapid development of information security technology. There are extensive theories about information security and technology. However, due to the limitation of length, this article mainly focuses on the research and development of cryptology, trusted computing, security of network, and information hiding, etc.
文摘伴随着数据共享、隐私保护、知识发现等多重需求而产生的PPDM(privacy preserving data mining),成为数据挖掘和信息安全领域近几年来的研究热点.PPDM中主要考虑两个层面的问题:一是敏感数据的隐藏与保护;二是数据中蕴涵的敏感知识的隐藏与保护(knowledge hiding in database,简称KHD).对目前的KHD技术进行分类和综述.首先介绍KHD产生的背景,然后着重讨论敏感关联规则隐藏技术和分类规则隐藏技术,接着探讨KHD方法的评估指标,最后归结出KHD后续研究的3个方向:数据修改技巧中基于目标距离的优化测度函数设计、数据重构技巧中的反向频繁项集挖掘以及基于数据抽样技巧的通用知识隐藏方法设计.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61702276)the Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology under Grant 2016r055 and the Priority Academic Program Development(PAPD)of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.The authors are grateful for the anonymous reviewers who made constructive comments and improvements.
文摘Advanced cloud computing technology provides cost saving and flexibility of services for users.With the explosion of multimedia data,more and more data owners would outsource their personal multimedia data on the cloud.In the meantime,some computationally expensive tasks are also undertaken by cloud servers.However,the outsourced multimedia data and its applications may reveal the data owner’s private information because the data owners lose the control of their data.Recently,this thought has aroused new research interest on privacy-preserving reversible data hiding over outsourced multimedia data.In this paper,two reversible data hiding schemes are proposed for encrypted image data in cloud computing:reversible data hiding by homomorphic encryption and reversible data hiding in encrypted domain.The former is that additional bits are extracted after decryption and the latter is that extracted before decryption.Meanwhile,a combined scheme is also designed.This paper proposes the privacy-preserving outsourcing scheme of reversible data hiding over encrypted image data in cloud computing,which not only ensures multimedia data security without relying on the trustworthiness of cloud servers,but also guarantees that reversible data hiding can be operated over encrypted images at the different stages.Theoretical analysis confirms the correctness of the proposed encryption model and justifies the security of the proposed scheme.The computation cost of the proposed scheme is acceptable and adjusts to different security levels.
基金This work is supported,in part,by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant numbers U1536206,U1405254,61772283,61602253,61672294,61502242in part,by the Jiangsu Basic Research Programs-Natural Science Foundation under grant numbers BK20150925 and BK20151530+1 种基金in part,by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)fundin part,by the Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology(CICAEET)fund,China.
文摘The traditional information hiding methods embed the secret information by modifying the carrier,which will inevitably leave traces of modification on the carrier.In this way,it is hard to resist the detection of steganalysis algorithm.To address this problem,the concept of coverless information hiding was proposed.Coverless information hiding can effectively resist steganalysis algorithm,since it uses unmodified natural stego-carriers to represent and convey confidential information.However,the state-of-the-arts method has a low hidden capacity,which makes it less appealing.Because the pixel values of different regions of the molecular structure images of material(MSIM)are usually different,this paper proposes a novel coverless information hiding method based on MSIM,which utilizes the average value of sub-image’s pixels to represent the secret information,according to the mapping between pixel value intervals and secret information.In addition,we employ a pseudo-random label sequence that is used to determine the position of sub-images to improve the security of the method.And the histogram of the Bag of words model(BOW)is used to determine the number of subimages in the image that convey secret information.Moreover,to improve the retrieval efficiency,we built a multi-level inverted index structure.Furthermore,the proposed method can also be used for other natural images.Compared with the state-of-the-arts,experimental results and analysis manifest that our method has better performance in anti-steganalysis,security and capacity.
基金This work is supported,in part,by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant numbers U1536206,U1405254,61772283,61602253,61672294,61502242in part,by the Jiangsu Basic Research Programs-Natural Science Foundation under grant numbers BK20150925 and BK20151530+1 种基金in part,by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)fundin part,by the Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology(CICAEET)fund,China.
文摘The aim of information hiding is to embed the secret message in a normal cover media such as image,video,voice or text,and then the secret message is transmitted through the transmission of the cover media.The secret message should not be damaged on the process of the cover media.In order to ensure the invisibility of secret message,complex texture objects should be chosen for embedding information.In this paper,an approach which corresponds multiple steganographic algorithms to complex texture objects was presented for hiding secret message.Firstly,complex texture regions are selected based on a kind of objects detection algorithm.Secondly,three different steganographic methods were used to hide secret message into the selected block region.Experimental results show that the approach enhances the security and robustness.
文摘Increasingly powerful computational technology has caused enormous data growth both in size and complexity. A key issue is how to organize the data to adapt the challenges of data analysis. This paper borrows ideas from the Internet of things （IOT） into the digital world and organize the data entities to form a network, the Internet of data （IOD）, which has huge potential in data-intensive applications. In the IOD, data hiding technology is utilized to embed virtual tags, which record all the activities of the data entities since they are created, into every data entity in the system. The IOD aims to organize the data to be interconnected as a network and collect useful information for data identification, data tracing, data vitalization and further data analysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.61379152 and 61403417)
文摘A novel reversible data hiding algorithm for H.264/AVC videos is proposed. Histogram Shifting （HS） of motion vector values is used efficiently in reversible data hiding to embed data. By designating a specific decoded reference frame, the distortion accumulation effects due to modification of the motion vectors is overcome. All the extracted information can be recovered without loss of the original compressed video carrier. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is simple, has higher capacity and invisibility than other existing schemes, and can adjust the relationship between capacity and invisibility according to embedded load.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.61872384 and61672090).
文摘Traditional steganography is the practice of embedding a secret message into an image by modifying the information in the spatial or frequency domain of the cover image.Although this method has a large embedding capacity,it inevitably leaves traces of rewriting that can eventually be discovered by the enemy.The method of Steganography by Cover Synthesis(SCS)attempts to construct a natural stego image,so that the cover image is not modified;thus,it can overcome detection by a steganographic analyzer.Due to the difficulty in constructing natural stego images,the development of SCS is limited.In this paper,a novel generative SCS method based on a Generative Adversarial Network(GAN)for image steganography is proposed.In our method,we design a GAN model called Synthetic Semantics Stego Generative Adversarial Network(SSS-GAN)to generate stego images from secret messages.By establishing a mapping relationship between secret messages and semantic category information,category labels can generate pseudo-real images via the generative model.Then,the receiver can recognize the labels via the classifier network to restore the concealed information in communications.We trained the model on the MINIST,CIFAR-10,and CIFAR-100 image datasets.Experiments show the feasibility of this method.The security,capacity,and robustness of the method are analyzed.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.60473022)
文摘According to the distribution characteristics of short and repeated sequence （SRS）, a steganaiytic method based on the correlation of image bit planes is proposed. Firstly, we provide the conception of SRS distance statistics and deduce its statistical distribution. Because the SRS distance statistics can effectively reflect the correlation of the sequence, SRS has statistical features when the image bit plane sequence equals the image width. Using this characteristic, the steganalytic method is fulfilled by the distinct test of Poisson distribution. Experimental results show a good performance for detecting LSB matching steganographic method in still images. By the way, the proposed method is not designed for specific steganographic algorithms and has good generality.
基金Supported partially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.90604034,10371127 and 10671114)
文摘A delegateable signature scheme （DSS） which was first introduced by Barak is mainly based on the non-interactive zero-knowledge proof （NIZK） for preventing the signing verifier from telling which witness （i.e., restricted subset） is being used. However, the scheme is not significantly efficient due to the difficulty of constructing NIZK. We first show that a non-interactive witness indistinguishable （NlWl） proof system and a non-interactive witness hiding （NIWH） proof system are easier and more efficient proof models than NIZK in some cases. Furthermore, the witnesses em- ployed in these two protocols （NlWl and NIWT） cannot also be distinguished by the verifiers. Combined with the E-protocol, we then construct NlWl and NIWH proofs for any NP statement under the existence of one-way functions and show that each proof is different from those under the existence of trapdoor permutations, Finally, based on our NlWl and NIWH proofs, we construct delegateable signature schemes under the existence of one-way functions, which are more efficient than Barak＇s scheme under the existence of trapdoor permutations.
文摘The difficulty of extracting hidden information, which is essentially a kindof secrecy, is analyzed by information-theoretic method. The relations between key rate, messagerate, hiding capacity and difficulty of extraction are studied in the terms of unicity distance ofstego-key, and the theoretic conclusion is used to analyze the actual extracting attack on LeastSignificant Bit(LSB) steganographic algorithms.
文摘In this paper, we analyze the structure of the orders of matrices (mod n), and present the relation between the orders of matrices over finite fields and their Jordan normal forms. Then we generalize 2-dimensional Arnold transformation matrix to two types of n-dimensional Arnold transformation matrices: A-type Arnold transformation matrix and B-type transformation matrix, and analyze their orders and other properties based on our earlier results about the orders of matrices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.60325208,90604008)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.04205407).
文摘Stochastic modulation steganography embeds secret message within the cover image by adding stego-noise with a specific probabilistic distribution. No method is known to be applicable to the estimation of stochastic modulation steganography. By analyzing the distributions of the horizontal pixel difference of images before and after stochastic modulation embedding, we present a new steganalytic approach to accurately estimate the length of secret message in stochastic modulation steganography. The pro- posed method first establishes a model describing the statistical relationship among the differences of the cover image, stego-image and stego-noise. In the case of stegoimage-only steganalysis, rough estimate of the distributional parameters of the cover image＇s pixel difference is obtained with the use of the provided stego-image. And grid search and Chi-square goodness of fit test are exploited to estimate the length of the secret message embedded with stochastic modulation steganography. The experimental results demonstrate that our new approach is effective for steganalyzing stochastic modulation steganography and accurately estimating the length of the secret message.
基金This work is supported by the National Key R&D Program of China under grant 2018YFB1003205by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant U1536206,U1405254,61772283,61602253,61672294,61502242+2 种基金by the Jiangsu Basic Research Programs-Natural Science Foundation under grant numbers BK20150925 and BK20151530by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)fundby the Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology(CICAEET)fund,China.
文摘Deep neural network has proven to be very effective in computer vision fields.Deep convolutional network can learn the most suitable features of certain images without specific measure functions and outperform lots of traditional image processing methods.Generative adversarial network(GAN)is becoming one of the highlights among these deep neural networks.GAN is capable of generating realistic images which are imperceptible to the human vision system so that the generated images can be directly used as intermediate medium for many tasks.One promising application of using GAN generated images would be image concealing which requires the embedded image looks like not being tampered to human vision system and also undetectable to most analyzers.Texture synthesizing has drawn lots of attention in computer vision field and is used for image concealing in steganography and watermark.The traditional methods which use synthesized textures for information hiding mainly select features and mathematic functions by human metrics and usually have a low embedding rate.This paper takes advantage of the generative network and proposes an approach for synthesizing complex texture-like image of arbitrary size using a modified deep convolutional generative adversarial network(DCGAN),and then demonstrates the feasibility of embedding another image inside the generated texture while the difference between the two images is nearly invisible to the human eyes.
