The chronic infection of hepatitis B virus(HBV) is closely related to the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Accumulated evidence has shown that HBV X protein(HBx protein) is a multifunctiona...The chronic infection of hepatitis B virus(HBV) is closely related to the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Accumulated evidence has shown that HBV X protein(HBx protein) is a multifunctional regulator with a crucial role in hepatocarcinogenesis. However, information on the mechanism by which HBV induces HCC is lacking. This review focuses on the pathological functions of HBx in HBV-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. As a transactivator, HBx can modulate nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells(NF-κB) and transcription factor AP-2. Moreover, HBx can affect regulatory non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs) including microRNAs and long ncRNAs(lncRNAs), such as miRNA-205 and highly upregulated in liver cancer(HULC), respectively. HBx is also involved in epigenetic modification, including methylation and acetylation. HBx interacts with various signal-transduction pathways, such as protein kinase B/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, signal transducer and activator of transcription, and NF-κB pathways. Moreover, HBx affects cellular fate by shifting the balance toward cell survival. HBx may lead to the loss of apoptotic functions or directly contributes to oncogenesis by achieving transforming functions, which induce hepatocarcinogenesis. Additionally, HBx can modulate apoptosis and immune response by direct or indirect interaction with host factors. We conclude that HBx hastens the development of hepatoma.展开更多
Occult hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection(OBI)is a challenging pathobiological and clinical issue that has been widely debated for several decades.By definition,OBI is characterized by the persistence of HBV DNA in the l...Occult hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection(OBI)is a challenging pathobiological and clinical issue that has been widely debated for several decades.By definition,OBI is characterized by the persistence of HBV DNA in the liver tissue(and in some cases also in the serum)in the absence of circulating HBV surface antigen(HBsAg).Many epidemiological and molecular studies have indicated that OBI is an important risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)development.OBI may exert direct pro-oncogenic effects through the activation of the same oncogenic mechanisms that are activated in the course of an HBsAg-positive infection.Indeed,in OBI as in HBV-positive infection,HBV DNA can persist in the hepatocytes both integrated into the host genome as well as free episome,and may maintain the capacity to produce proteins-mainly X protein and truncated preS-S protein-provided with potential transforming properties.Furthermore,OBI may indirectly favor HCC development.It has been shown that the persistence of very low viral replicative activity during OBI may induce mild liver necro-inflammation continuing for life,and substantial clinical evidence indicates that OBI canaccelerate the progression of liver disease towards cirrhosis that is considered the most important risk factor for HCC development.展开更多
原发性肝癌是常见的恶性肿瘤之一,乙肝病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染是原发性肝癌发生和发展的最主要的危险因素之一,因此深入研究乙肝相关性肝癌的发病机制成为一项长期而艰巨的任务,为肝癌的预防及合理治疗提供依据。本文将近年来...原发性肝癌是常见的恶性肿瘤之一,乙肝病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染是原发性肝癌发生和发展的最主要的危险因素之一,因此深入研究乙肝相关性肝癌的发病机制成为一项长期而艰巨的任务,为肝癌的预防及合理治疗提供依据。本文将近年来乙肝相关性肝癌的分子机制做如下综述。展开更多
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an etiological factor of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), but the pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the expression and possible role of ...BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an etiological factor of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), but the pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the expression and possible role of HBx, an HBV- encoded potentially oncogenic protein, in HBV-infected ICC. METHODS: Tissue samples were obtained from 54 specimens of HBV-infected ICC. Forty-four specimens were of peripheral type and 10 hilar type. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of the specimens were immunohistochemically stained for HBx and p53. RESULTS: HBx expression was found in 70.4% (38/54) of the specimens, and it was more frequently seen in the peripheral type than in the hilar type (79.5% vs 30.0%, P=0.002). All three well-differentiated ICCs expressed HBx, whereas 76.9% (30/39) moderately-differentiated and 41.7% (5/12) poorly-differentiated ICCs had HBx expression (P=0.033). Patients with HBx expression had a significantly higher prevalence of elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (P=0.033). p53 protein expression was found in 18 of 54 cases (33.3%), and was not correlated with that of HBx. CONCLUSIONS: HBx may contribute to the pathogenesis of ICC, particularly the peripheral type. p53 abnormality may not play a significant role in HBx-mediated oncogenicity during ICC carcinogenesis.展开更多
目的探讨乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白(Hepatitis B virus X protein,HBx)对肝胚瘤细胞株HepG2表达信号抑制因子3(SOCS3)的影响及其机制。方法将表达HBx蛋白的重组质粒FL1-145HBx转染HepG2细胞,以不同浓度的SRC抑制剂PP2处理转染细胞,运用Western ...目的探讨乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白(Hepatitis B virus X protein,HBx)对肝胚瘤细胞株HepG2表达信号抑制因子3(SOCS3)的影响及其机制。方法将表达HBx蛋白的重组质粒FL1-145HBx转染HepG2细胞,以不同浓度的SRC抑制剂PP2处理转染细胞,运用Western blot和RT-PCR技术分析HBx、SOCS3 mRNA和蛋白的表达情况,并以免疫细胞化学分析转染细胞中p-SRC的表达水平。结果重组质粒FL1-145HBx转染HepG2细胞后,转染细胞HBx能够表达HBx蛋白,并且细胞中SOCS3 mRNA和蛋白表达水平随着HBx蛋白的表达而显著增加(P<0.05),同时p-SRC蛋白的表达增强;而SRC抑制剂PP2处理转染细胞后,随着p-SRC蛋白表达的减少SOCS3蛋白表达逐渐下降。结论在肝胚瘤细胞株HepG2中,HBx蛋白很可能通过促进SRC蛋白的磷酸化而诱导SOCS3蛋白的表达。展开更多
目的:通过研究乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白(hepatitis B virus X protein,HBx)对人肝细胞株L02细胞增殖、细胞周期以及细胞中糖原合成酶激酶3β(glycogen synthase kinase 3β,GSK3β)表达的影响,探讨乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)相关性...目的:通过研究乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白(hepatitis B virus X protein,HBx)对人肝细胞株L02细胞增殖、细胞周期以及细胞中糖原合成酶激酶3β(glycogen synthase kinase 3β,GSK3β)表达的影响,探讨乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)相关性原发性肝细胞癌(hepatoccellular carcinoma,HCC)的发生机制。方法:用HBx腺病毒(Ad-HBx)感染人肝细胞株L02细胞后,RT-PCR法检测L02细胞中HBx和GSK3β mRNA表达情况;MTT法检测L02细胞的增殖率变化;FCM法检测细胞周期中各时相所占比例;蛋白质印迹法检测HBx、总GSK3β(total-GSK3β,t-GSK3β)、磷酸化GSK3β(phospho-GSK3β,p-GSK3β)、β-连环素(β-catenin)以及细胞用期蛋白(cyclinD1)等蛋白的表达水平。结果:Ad-HBx感染L02细胞后,HBx的mRNA和蛋白均出现表达,细胞增殖率随着时间的延长而增加;G1期细胞所占比例较对照组减少,S期和G2期细胞比例较对照组增加(P<0.05)。感染Ad-HBx后,t-GSK3β在mRNA和蛋白水平上均无明显变化,而p-GSK3β、β-catenin以及cyclinD1蛋白的表达量增加(P<0.05)。结论:HBx可能通过促进人肝细胞株L02细胞中GSK3β的磷酸化,激活Wnt/β-catenin下游信号通路,从而促进细胞的增殖。展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide and the third most common cause of death from cancer, after lung and stomach cancer. Hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is closely related to H...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide and the third most common cause of death from cancer, after lung and stomach cancer. Hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is closely related to HCC and is a major cause of HCC. HBV is a lysogenic virus of the hepadnavirus family. Its genome presents a slack, ring-like, double-chain structure, containing four open reading frames. The X region encodes the product HBV X protein(HBx), which is a multifunctional regulatory protein that plays an important role in intracellular signal transduction, viral genome replication and transcription, cell proliferation and apoptosis, cell cycle progression, protein degradation, and genetic stability of hepatocytes. This article summarizes the recent research on the mechanism of promotion of initiation and progression of HCC by HBx protein.展开更多
文摘The chronic infection of hepatitis B virus(HBV) is closely related to the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Accumulated evidence has shown that HBV X protein(HBx protein) is a multifunctional regulator with a crucial role in hepatocarcinogenesis. However, information on the mechanism by which HBV induces HCC is lacking. This review focuses on the pathological functions of HBx in HBV-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. As a transactivator, HBx can modulate nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells(NF-κB) and transcription factor AP-2. Moreover, HBx can affect regulatory non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs) including microRNAs and long ncRNAs(lncRNAs), such as miRNA-205 and highly upregulated in liver cancer(HULC), respectively. HBx is also involved in epigenetic modification, including methylation and acetylation. HBx interacts with various signal-transduction pathways, such as protein kinase B/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, signal transducer and activator of transcription, and NF-κB pathways. Moreover, HBx affects cellular fate by shifting the balance toward cell survival. HBx may lead to the loss of apoptotic functions or directly contributes to oncogenesis by achieving transforming functions, which induce hepatocarcinogenesis. Additionally, HBx can modulate apoptosis and immune response by direct or indirect interaction with host factors. We conclude that HBx hastens the development of hepatoma.
文摘Occult hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection(OBI)is a challenging pathobiological and clinical issue that has been widely debated for several decades.By definition,OBI is characterized by the persistence of HBV DNA in the liver tissue(and in some cases also in the serum)in the absence of circulating HBV surface antigen(HBsAg).Many epidemiological and molecular studies have indicated that OBI is an important risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)development.OBI may exert direct pro-oncogenic effects through the activation of the same oncogenic mechanisms that are activated in the course of an HBsAg-positive infection.Indeed,in OBI as in HBV-positive infection,HBV DNA can persist in the hepatocytes both integrated into the host genome as well as free episome,and may maintain the capacity to produce proteins-mainly X protein and truncated preS-S protein-provided with potential transforming properties.Furthermore,OBI may indirectly favor HCC development.It has been shown that the persistence of very low viral replicative activity during OBI may induce mild liver necro-inflammation continuing for life,and substantial clinical evidence indicates that OBI canaccelerate the progression of liver disease towards cirrhosis that is considered the most important risk factor for HCC development.
文摘BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an etiological factor of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), but the pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the expression and possible role of HBx, an HBV- encoded potentially oncogenic protein, in HBV-infected ICC. METHODS: Tissue samples were obtained from 54 specimens of HBV-infected ICC. Forty-four specimens were of peripheral type and 10 hilar type. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of the specimens were immunohistochemically stained for HBx and p53. RESULTS: HBx expression was found in 70.4% (38/54) of the specimens, and it was more frequently seen in the peripheral type than in the hilar type (79.5% vs 30.0%, P=0.002). All three well-differentiated ICCs expressed HBx, whereas 76.9% (30/39) moderately-differentiated and 41.7% (5/12) poorly-differentiated ICCs had HBx expression (P=0.033). Patients with HBx expression had a significantly higher prevalence of elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (P=0.033). p53 protein expression was found in 18 of 54 cases (33.3%), and was not correlated with that of HBx. CONCLUSIONS: HBx may contribute to the pathogenesis of ICC, particularly the peripheral type. p53 abnormality may not play a significant role in HBx-mediated oncogenicity during ICC carcinogenesis.
文摘目的探讨乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白(Hepatitis B virus X protein,HBx)对肝胚瘤细胞株HepG2表达信号抑制因子3(SOCS3)的影响及其机制。方法将表达HBx蛋白的重组质粒FL1-145HBx转染HepG2细胞,以不同浓度的SRC抑制剂PP2处理转染细胞,运用Western blot和RT-PCR技术分析HBx、SOCS3 mRNA和蛋白的表达情况,并以免疫细胞化学分析转染细胞中p-SRC的表达水平。结果重组质粒FL1-145HBx转染HepG2细胞后,转染细胞HBx能够表达HBx蛋白,并且细胞中SOCS3 mRNA和蛋白表达水平随着HBx蛋白的表达而显著增加(P<0.05),同时p-SRC蛋白的表达增强;而SRC抑制剂PP2处理转染细胞后,随着p-SRC蛋白表达的减少SOCS3蛋白表达逐渐下降。结论在肝胚瘤细胞株HepG2中,HBx蛋白很可能通过促进SRC蛋白的磷酸化而诱导SOCS3蛋白的表达。
文摘目的:通过研究乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白(hepatitis B virus X protein,HBx)对人肝细胞株L02细胞增殖、细胞周期以及细胞中糖原合成酶激酶3β(glycogen synthase kinase 3β,GSK3β)表达的影响,探讨乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)相关性原发性肝细胞癌(hepatoccellular carcinoma,HCC)的发生机制。方法:用HBx腺病毒(Ad-HBx)感染人肝细胞株L02细胞后,RT-PCR法检测L02细胞中HBx和GSK3β mRNA表达情况;MTT法检测L02细胞的增殖率变化;FCM法检测细胞周期中各时相所占比例;蛋白质印迹法检测HBx、总GSK3β(total-GSK3β,t-GSK3β)、磷酸化GSK3β(phospho-GSK3β,p-GSK3β)、β-连环素(β-catenin)以及细胞用期蛋白(cyclinD1)等蛋白的表达水平。结果:Ad-HBx感染L02细胞后,HBx的mRNA和蛋白均出现表达,细胞增殖率随着时间的延长而增加;G1期细胞所占比例较对照组减少,S期和G2期细胞比例较对照组增加(P<0.05)。感染Ad-HBx后,t-GSK3β在mRNA和蛋白水平上均无明显变化,而p-GSK3β、β-catenin以及cyclinD1蛋白的表达量增加(P<0.05)。结论:HBx可能通过促进人肝细胞株L02细胞中GSK3β的磷酸化,激活Wnt/β-catenin下游信号通路,从而促进细胞的增殖。
基金supported by the Program for Young Talents of Science and Technology in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region NJYT-17-B30
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide and the third most common cause of death from cancer, after lung and stomach cancer. Hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is closely related to HCC and is a major cause of HCC. HBV is a lysogenic virus of the hepadnavirus family. Its genome presents a slack, ring-like, double-chain structure, containing four open reading frames. The X region encodes the product HBV X protein(HBx), which is a multifunctional regulatory protein that plays an important role in intracellular signal transduction, viral genome replication and transcription, cell proliferation and apoptosis, cell cycle progression, protein degradation, and genetic stability of hepatocytes. This article summarizes the recent research on the mechanism of promotion of initiation and progression of HCC by HBx protein.
