为探究内蒙古草地生长季净初级生产力(Net primary productivity,NPP)的变化及其与干旱的关系,本文通过趋势变化和相关性计算对2001-2015年内蒙古草地NPP和标准化降水蒸散指数(Standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index,SP...为探究内蒙古草地生长季净初级生产力(Net primary productivity,NPP)的变化及其与干旱的关系,本文通过趋势变化和相关性计算对2001-2015年内蒙古草地NPP和标准化降水蒸散指数(Standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index,SPEI)的时空变化进行研究。结果表明:内蒙古草地生长季NPP平均增长率为2.20 g C·m^-2·a^-1,其中草甸草原为3.73 g C·m^-2·a^-1,典型草原为1.69 g C·m^-2·a^-1,荒漠草原为0.30 g C·m^-2·a^-1。NPP均值整体上自西南向东北逐渐增加,其中草甸草原最高,其次为典型草原,荒漠草原最低,年均NPP分别为387.90 g C·m^-2·a^-1,291.26 g C·m^-2·a^-1,133.70 g C·m^-2·a^-1。NPP整体上与SPEI-1相关性最强,其中,草甸草原与SPEI-1最强相关性最强,典型草原、荒漠草原与SPEI-3相关性最强。干旱对荒漠草原的影响最大,对典型草原的影响次之,对草甸草原的影响最小。展开更多
氮沉降作为除气候变化、CO_(2)浓度升高以及土地利用变化之外的第四大主要影响陆地生态系统结构和功能的因素,其对碳循环过程的影响研究相对薄弱,同时也是不确定性最大的环节之一。近年来,由于长期高强度的放牧导致草地生态系统的生产...氮沉降作为除气候变化、CO_(2)浓度升高以及土地利用变化之外的第四大主要影响陆地生态系统结构和功能的因素,其对碳循环过程的影响研究相对薄弱,同时也是不确定性最大的环节之一。近年来,由于长期高强度的放牧导致草地生态系统的生产力降低,氮成为典型草地植物生长和生态系统净初级生产力的主要限制因子。据研究,亚洲的氮沉降平均增速极有可能高于全球氮沉降平均增速,成为未来氮沉降增加最快的区域。在此背景下,研究大气氮沉降对于中亚草地生态系统的影响具有重要的意义。利用反硝化-分解模型(DNDC)分析1979-2014年中亚地区草地生态系统净初级生产力(NPP)的时空分异,探讨氮沉降对草地NPP影响。结果表明:(1)1979-2014年间,中亚地区平均草地NPP约为(173.10±31.80)g C m^(-2)a^(-1),草地NPP时空分异明显,各草地类型的NPP从大到小依次为森林草甸、温带草原和荒漠草原,并且草地NPP以(2.67±1.30)g C m^(-2)a^(-1)的速度逐年增长;(2)当前氮沉降情景总体上促进了中亚地区草地NPP的增长,1979-2014年氮沉降使得中亚草地NPP增加了0.42 Pg C。展开更多
Grassland is the important component of the terrestrial ecosystems. Estimating net primary productivity （NPP） of grassland ecosystem has been a central focus in global climate change researches. To simulate the gras...Grassland is the important component of the terrestrial ecosystems. Estimating net primary productivity （NPP） of grassland ecosystem has been a central focus in global climate change researches. To simulate the grassland NPP in southern China, we built a new climate productivity model, and validated the model with the measured data from different years in the past. The results showed that there was a logarithmic correlation between the grassland NPP and the mean annual temperature, and there was a linear positive correlation between the grassland NPP and the annual precipitation in southern China. Al these results reached a very signiifcant level （P〈0.01）. There was a good correlation between the simulated and the measured NPP, withR2 of 0.8027, reaching the very signiifcant level. Meanwhile, both root mean square errors （RMSE） and relative root-mean-square errors （RRMSE） stayed at a relatively low level, showing that the simulation results of the model were reliable. The NPP values in the study area had a decreasing trend from east to west and from south to north, and the mean NPP was 471.62 g C m？2 from 2000 to 2011. Additionaly, there was a rising trend year by year for the mean annual NPP of southern grassland and the tilt rate of the mean annual NPP was 3.49 g C m？2 yr？1 in recent 12 years. The above results provided a new method for grassland NPP estimation in southern China.展开更多
草地净初级生产力(net primary productivity,NPP)作为评估生态系统结构和功能以及植被质量的重要指标,其精准估算对于草地生态系统保护有着重要作用。陆面过程模型可对大范围NPP进行时序模拟,但受限于对植被生理生化特性的认知,应用于...草地净初级生产力(net primary productivity,NPP)作为评估生态系统结构和功能以及植被质量的重要指标,其精准估算对于草地生态系统保护有着重要作用。陆面过程模型可对大范围NPP进行时序模拟,但受限于对植被生理生化特性的认知,应用于目标区域时,模型参数的默认设定会引起模拟偏差。为了使模型适用于呼伦贝尔草地生产力模拟,该研究基于CESM(community earth system model)框架下的最新陆面过程模型CLM5.0(the community land model 5.0)开展模型参数敏感性分析,并采用DREAM(differential evolution adaptive metropolis)算法对最敏感的10个参数进行优化调整,最后将参数优化后的模型应用于呼伦贝尔草地NPP模拟。结果表明:1)对草地NPP模拟最敏感的是呼吸作用类参数,如冠层叶顶维持呼吸基率的截距参数、凋落池到土壤有机质池转移的呼吸分数,其次是碳循环类参数,如叶片碳氮比、细根碳氮比。2)叶片碳氮比与气孔导度参数优化后的后验概率分布为高斯分布,表明该优化为良性约束,反映了碳氮关联参数与呼吸作用参数对于优化模型模拟的有效性。3)参数针对性优化有效提升了CLM5.0对呼伦贝尔草地生产力的模拟性能,NPP年总量相对误差由33.82%降低至10.97%,且应用于在不同类型草地NPP模拟时,其相对误差分别降低了5.62%、8.06%、9.03%。该研究结果可为CLM5.0应用于呼伦贝尔地区的草地生产力模拟提供参考,对合理评估草地生态系统碳循环研究具有积极作用。展开更多
文摘为探究内蒙古草地生长季净初级生产力(Net primary productivity,NPP)的变化及其与干旱的关系,本文通过趋势变化和相关性计算对2001-2015年内蒙古草地NPP和标准化降水蒸散指数(Standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index,SPEI)的时空变化进行研究。结果表明:内蒙古草地生长季NPP平均增长率为2.20 g C·m^-2·a^-1,其中草甸草原为3.73 g C·m^-2·a^-1,典型草原为1.69 g C·m^-2·a^-1,荒漠草原为0.30 g C·m^-2·a^-1。NPP均值整体上自西南向东北逐渐增加,其中草甸草原最高,其次为典型草原,荒漠草原最低,年均NPP分别为387.90 g C·m^-2·a^-1,291.26 g C·m^-2·a^-1,133.70 g C·m^-2·a^-1。NPP整体上与SPEI-1相关性最强,其中,草甸草原与SPEI-1最强相关性最强,典型草原、荒漠草原与SPEI-3相关性最强。干旱对荒漠草原的影响最大,对典型草原的影响次之,对草甸草原的影响最小。
文摘氮沉降作为除气候变化、CO_(2)浓度升高以及土地利用变化之外的第四大主要影响陆地生态系统结构和功能的因素,其对碳循环过程的影响研究相对薄弱,同时也是不确定性最大的环节之一。近年来,由于长期高强度的放牧导致草地生态系统的生产力降低,氮成为典型草地植物生长和生态系统净初级生产力的主要限制因子。据研究,亚洲的氮沉降平均增速极有可能高于全球氮沉降平均增速,成为未来氮沉降增加最快的区域。在此背景下,研究大气氮沉降对于中亚草地生态系统的影响具有重要的意义。利用反硝化-分解模型(DNDC)分析1979-2014年中亚地区草地生态系统净初级生产力(NPP)的时空分异,探讨氮沉降对草地NPP影响。结果表明:(1)1979-2014年间,中亚地区平均草地NPP约为(173.10±31.80)g C m^(-2)a^(-1),草地NPP时空分异明显,各草地类型的NPP从大到小依次为森林草甸、温带草原和荒漠草原,并且草地NPP以(2.67±1.30)g C m^(-2)a^(-1)的速度逐年增长;(2)当前氮沉降情景总体上促进了中亚地区草地NPP的增长,1979-2014年氮沉降使得中亚草地NPP增加了0.42 Pg C。
基金funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, China (PAPD)the Science and Technology Innovation Project Fund of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2015)
文摘Grassland is the important component of the terrestrial ecosystems. Estimating net primary productivity （NPP） of grassland ecosystem has been a central focus in global climate change researches. To simulate the grassland NPP in southern China, we built a new climate productivity model, and validated the model with the measured data from different years in the past. The results showed that there was a logarithmic correlation between the grassland NPP and the mean annual temperature, and there was a linear positive correlation between the grassland NPP and the annual precipitation in southern China. Al these results reached a very signiifcant level （P〈0.01）. There was a good correlation between the simulated and the measured NPP, withR2 of 0.8027, reaching the very signiifcant level. Meanwhile, both root mean square errors （RMSE） and relative root-mean-square errors （RRMSE） stayed at a relatively low level, showing that the simulation results of the model were reliable. The NPP values in the study area had a decreasing trend from east to west and from south to north, and the mean NPP was 471.62 g C m？2 from 2000 to 2011. Additionaly, there was a rising trend year by year for the mean annual NPP of southern grassland and the tilt rate of the mean annual NPP was 3.49 g C m？2 yr？1 in recent 12 years. The above results provided a new method for grassland NPP estimation in southern China.
文摘草地净初级生产力(net primary productivity,NPP)作为评估生态系统结构和功能以及植被质量的重要指标,其精准估算对于草地生态系统保护有着重要作用。陆面过程模型可对大范围NPP进行时序模拟,但受限于对植被生理生化特性的认知,应用于目标区域时,模型参数的默认设定会引起模拟偏差。为了使模型适用于呼伦贝尔草地生产力模拟,该研究基于CESM(community earth system model)框架下的最新陆面过程模型CLM5.0(the community land model 5.0)开展模型参数敏感性分析,并采用DREAM(differential evolution adaptive metropolis)算法对最敏感的10个参数进行优化调整,最后将参数优化后的模型应用于呼伦贝尔草地NPP模拟。结果表明:1)对草地NPP模拟最敏感的是呼吸作用类参数,如冠层叶顶维持呼吸基率的截距参数、凋落池到土壤有机质池转移的呼吸分数,其次是碳循环类参数,如叶片碳氮比、细根碳氮比。2)叶片碳氮比与气孔导度参数优化后的后验概率分布为高斯分布,表明该优化为良性约束,反映了碳氮关联参数与呼吸作用参数对于优化模型模拟的有效性。3)参数针对性优化有效提升了CLM5.0对呼伦贝尔草地生产力的模拟性能,NPP年总量相对误差由33.82%降低至10.97%,且应用于在不同类型草地NPP模拟时,其相对误差分别降低了5.62%、8.06%、9.03%。该研究结果可为CLM5.0应用于呼伦贝尔地区的草地生产力模拟提供参考,对合理评估草地生态系统碳循环研究具有积极作用。
