Peritoneal dissemination represents a devastating form of gastric cancer(GC) progression with a dismal prognosis. There is no effective therapy for this condition. The 5-year survival rate of patients with peritoneal ...Peritoneal dissemination represents a devastating form of gastric cancer(GC) progression with a dismal prognosis. There is no effective therapy for this condition. The 5-year survival rate of patients with peritoneal dissemination is 2%, even including patients with only microscopic free cancer cells without macroscopic peritoneal nodules. The mechanism of peritoneal dissemination of GC involves several steps: detachment of cancer cells from the primary tumor, survival in the free abdominal cavity, attachment to the distant peritoneum, invasion into the subperitoneal space and proliferation with angiogenesis. These steps are not mutually exclusive, and combinations of different molecular mechanisms can occur in each process of peritoneal dissemination. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular events involved in peritoneal dissemination is important and should be systematically pursued. It is crucial to identify novel strategies for the prevention of this condition and for identification of markers of prognosis and the development of molecular-targeted therapies. In this review, we provide an overview of recently published articles addressing the molecular mechanisms of peritoneal dissemination of GC to provide an update on what is currently known in this field and to propose novel promising candidates for use in diagnosis and as therapeutic targets.展开更多
目的肿瘤相关中性粒细胞(tumor-associated neutrophils,TANs)分为抗肿瘤的N1型和促肿瘤的N2型,N2型TANs的作用机制尚不清楚。本研究探讨以胃癌细胞培养上清模拟胃癌微环境或用干扰素β抗体抑制细胞干扰素β,能否诱导正常人中性粒细胞...目的肿瘤相关中性粒细胞(tumor-associated neutrophils,TANs)分为抗肿瘤的N1型和促肿瘤的N2型,N2型TANs的作用机制尚不清楚。本研究探讨以胃癌细胞培养上清模拟胃癌微环境或用干扰素β抗体抑制细胞干扰素β,能否诱导正常人中性粒细胞分泌基质金属蛋白酶9(matrix metalloproteinase 9,MMP-9)和基质金属蛋白酶2(matrix metalloproteinase 2,MMP-2),影响肿瘤的发生发展。方法收集51例正常人外周血,用中性粒细胞分离液分离中性粒细胞,分别用胃癌MGC-803细胞培养上清干预正常人中性粒细胞;用抗干扰素β(interferon beta,IFN-β)抗体干预正常人中性粒细胞。用Real-time PCR法检测2种干预前后中性粒细胞MMP-9和MMP-2 m RNA的变化,以ELISA法检测2种干预前后中性粒细胞分泌MMP-9和MMP-2的情况,明胶酶谱法检测2种干预前后中性粒细胞分泌的MMP-9和MMP-2的酶活性。结果中性粒细胞在MGC-803上清诱导下,MMP-9和MMP-2 m RNA水平、酶含量和酶活性均增加(P<0.01);中性粒细胞经抗IFN-β抗体干预后,MMP-9和MMP-2 m RNA水平、酶含量和酶活性亦显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论胃癌微环境或抑制干扰素β均可使中性粒细胞MMP-9和MMP-2分泌量和酶活性增加,促进肿瘤发展,发挥N2型TANs的作用。展开更多
Gastric cancer(GC) is the fifth most common malignancy in the world. The major cause of GC is chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori). Infection with H. pylori leads to an active inflammatory microenviro...Gastric cancer(GC) is the fifth most common malignancy in the world. The major cause of GC is chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori). Infection with H. pylori leads to an active inflammatory microenvironment that is maintained by immune cells such as T cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, among other cells. Immune cell dysfunction allows the initiation and accumulation of mutations in GC cells, inducing aberrant proliferation and protection from apoptosis. Meanwhile, immune cells can secrete certain signals, including cytokines, and chemokines, to alter intracellular signaling pathways in GC cells. Thus, GC cells obtain the ability to metastasize to lymph nodes by undergoing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT), whereby epithelial cells lose their epithelial attributes and acquire a mesenchymal cell phenotype. Metastasis is a leading cause of death for GC patients, and the involved mechanisms are still under investigation. In this review, we summarize the current research on how the inflammatory environment affects GC initiation and metastasis via EMT.展开更多
Like the wars predating the First World War where human foot soldiers were deemed tools in the battlefield against an enemy, so too are the host immune cells of a patient battling a malignant gastric cancer. Indeed, t...Like the wars predating the First World War where human foot soldiers were deemed tools in the battlefield against an enemy, so too are the host immune cells of a patient battling a malignant gastric cancer. Indeed, the tumour microenvironment resembles a battlefield, where the patient's immune cells are the defence against invading tumour cells. However, the relationship between different immune components of the host response to cancer is more complex than an "us against them" model. Components of the immune system inadvertently work against the interests of the host and become pro-tumourigenic while other components soldier on against the common enemy – the tumour cell.展开更多
文摘Peritoneal dissemination represents a devastating form of gastric cancer(GC) progression with a dismal prognosis. There is no effective therapy for this condition. The 5-year survival rate of patients with peritoneal dissemination is 2%, even including patients with only microscopic free cancer cells without macroscopic peritoneal nodules. The mechanism of peritoneal dissemination of GC involves several steps: detachment of cancer cells from the primary tumor, survival in the free abdominal cavity, attachment to the distant peritoneum, invasion into the subperitoneal space and proliferation with angiogenesis. These steps are not mutually exclusive, and combinations of different molecular mechanisms can occur in each process of peritoneal dissemination. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular events involved in peritoneal dissemination is important and should be systematically pursued. It is crucial to identify novel strategies for the prevention of this condition and for identification of markers of prognosis and the development of molecular-targeted therapies. In this review, we provide an overview of recently published articles addressing the molecular mechanisms of peritoneal dissemination of GC to provide an update on what is currently known in this field and to propose novel promising candidates for use in diagnosis and as therapeutic targets.
文摘目的肿瘤相关中性粒细胞(tumor-associated neutrophils,TANs)分为抗肿瘤的N1型和促肿瘤的N2型,N2型TANs的作用机制尚不清楚。本研究探讨以胃癌细胞培养上清模拟胃癌微环境或用干扰素β抗体抑制细胞干扰素β,能否诱导正常人中性粒细胞分泌基质金属蛋白酶9(matrix metalloproteinase 9,MMP-9)和基质金属蛋白酶2(matrix metalloproteinase 2,MMP-2),影响肿瘤的发生发展。方法收集51例正常人外周血,用中性粒细胞分离液分离中性粒细胞,分别用胃癌MGC-803细胞培养上清干预正常人中性粒细胞;用抗干扰素β(interferon beta,IFN-β)抗体干预正常人中性粒细胞。用Real-time PCR法检测2种干预前后中性粒细胞MMP-9和MMP-2 m RNA的变化,以ELISA法检测2种干预前后中性粒细胞分泌MMP-9和MMP-2的情况,明胶酶谱法检测2种干预前后中性粒细胞分泌的MMP-9和MMP-2的酶活性。结果中性粒细胞在MGC-803上清诱导下,MMP-9和MMP-2 m RNA水平、酶含量和酶活性均增加(P<0.01);中性粒细胞经抗IFN-β抗体干预后,MMP-9和MMP-2 m RNA水平、酶含量和酶活性亦显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论胃癌微环境或抑制干扰素β均可使中性粒细胞MMP-9和MMP-2分泌量和酶活性增加,促进肿瘤发展,发挥N2型TANs的作用。
基金Supported by National Science Foundation of China,No.31471147
文摘Gastric cancer(GC) is the fifth most common malignancy in the world. The major cause of GC is chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori). Infection with H. pylori leads to an active inflammatory microenvironment that is maintained by immune cells such as T cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, among other cells. Immune cell dysfunction allows the initiation and accumulation of mutations in GC cells, inducing aberrant proliferation and protection from apoptosis. Meanwhile, immune cells can secrete certain signals, including cytokines, and chemokines, to alter intracellular signaling pathways in GC cells. Thus, GC cells obtain the ability to metastasize to lymph nodes by undergoing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT), whereby epithelial cells lose their epithelial attributes and acquire a mesenchymal cell phenotype. Metastasis is a leading cause of death for GC patients, and the involved mechanisms are still under investigation. In this review, we summarize the current research on how the inflammatory environment affects GC initiation and metastasis via EMT.
文摘Like the wars predating the First World War where human foot soldiers were deemed tools in the battlefield against an enemy, so too are the host immune cells of a patient battling a malignant gastric cancer. Indeed, the tumour microenvironment resembles a battlefield, where the patient's immune cells are the defence against invading tumour cells. However, the relationship between different immune components of the host response to cancer is more complex than an "us against them" model. Components of the immune system inadvertently work against the interests of the host and become pro-tumourigenic while other components soldier on against the common enemy – the tumour cell.
