Separation and functional research of related components involved in gibberellins(GAs) signaling are important to clarify the mechanism of GA functioning.Research on the downstream components of DELLA,the key factor o...Separation and functional research of related components involved in gibberellins(GAs) signaling are important to clarify the mechanism of GA functioning.Research on the downstream components of DELLA,the key factor of the GA signaling pathway,is limited at present.GASA(GA-Stimulated in Arabidopsis) family contains 15 genes usually regulated by GA in Arabidopsis thaliana.All GASA proteins have a cleavable signal peptide in N terminus and a conserved GASA domain including 12 cysteines in C terminus.RT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of GASA4 and GASA6 were down-regulated,but GASA1 and GASA9 were up-regulated in the DELLA mutants,gai-t6 and rga-24,as well as the double mutant,consisting with the results that GASA4 and GASA6 were induced,but GASA1 and GASA9 were inhibited by exogenous GA3.In addition,the expression patterns of other GASA genes were regulated by GA and ABA,separately or cooperatively.Most of GASA genes were expressed in roots,stems,leaves,flowers and developing siliques.GUS gene driven by the promoters of GASA6,GASA7,GASA8,GASA9,GASA10,GASA11 and GASA12 were used as reporters and it was found that all GASA genes expressed in the growing and differentiating organs and abscission zones,suggesting the role of these genes in cell growth and differentiation.This study provided an important basis for functional study of the GASA gene family in the GA and ABA signaling pathway.展开更多
PRPs (proline-rich proteins) are a group of cell wall proteins characterized by their proline and hy- droproline-rich repetitive peptides. The expression of PRPs in plants is stimulated by wounding and environmental s...PRPs (proline-rich proteins) are a group of cell wall proteins characterized by their proline and hy- droproline-rich repetitive peptides. The expression of PRPs in plants is stimulated by wounding and environmental stress. GASA (gibberellic acid stimulated in Arabidopsis) proteins are small peptides sharing a 60 amino acid conserved C-terminal domain containing twelve invariant cysteine residues. Most of GASAs reported are localized to apoplasm or cell wall and their expression was regulated by gibberellins (GAs). It has been reported that, in French bean, these two proteins encoding by two distinct genes formed a two-component chitin-receptor involved in plant-pathogen interactions when plant was infected. We cloned a full-length cDNA of PRGL (proline-rich GASA-like) gene which encodes a protein containing both PRP and GASA-like domains. It is demonstrated that PRGL is a new protein with characteristics of PRP and GASA by analyzing its protein structure and gene expression.展开更多
赤霉素调节的GASA(Gibberellic Acid-Stimulated in Arabidopsis)基因家族是植物特有的转录因子家族,在调控植物生长发育过程中起重要作用。关于小麦GASA基因家族全基因组分析的研究尚未见报道。为进一步探讨小麦GASA基因的功能,通过对...赤霉素调节的GASA(Gibberellic Acid-Stimulated in Arabidopsis)基因家族是植物特有的转录因子家族,在调控植物生长发育过程中起重要作用。关于小麦GASA基因家族全基因组分析的研究尚未见报道。为进一步探讨小麦GASA基因的功能,通过对小麦最新基因组数据进行分析,获得了35个TaGASA基因,命名为TaGASAs,根据染色体编号排列为TaGASA1～TaGASA35。结合公布的小麦品种Chinese Spring的基因组数据,采用生物信息学方法对其基因结构、染色体分布、蛋白结构、系统进化及表达谱进行了分析。结果表明,35个小麦TaGASA基因分布于除3A、4A、3B、3D染色体外的其余17条染色体上,基因编码长度为78～264个氨基酸的蛋白质,基因外显子数量从2个到7个不等;串联重复片段分析结果表明,片段复制和串联重复是小麦TaGASA家族基因扩张的主要模式;小麦TaGASA蛋白进化树和7种作物GASA基因的系统进化树表明,GASA基因分为4个类别,同一类之间的结构较为相似;小麦35个TaGASA基因家族成员含有10个motif,推测小麦TaGASA基因家族应都含有motif1、motif2和motif3。在13个组织器官中都检测到了35个TaGASA基因的转录本,不同组织器官中TaGASA基因的表达存在明显差异。展开更多
赤霉素(gibberellins,GAs)信号转导途径相关组分的分离与功能研究对于最终阐明GA作用机制十分重要,目前赤霉素信号途径关键因子DELLA的下游组分研究较少.拟南芥中受GA调控的GASA(GA-Stimulated in Arabidopsis)家族共有15个基因,预测所...赤霉素(gibberellins,GAs)信号转导途径相关组分的分离与功能研究对于最终阐明GA作用机制十分重要,目前赤霉素信号途径关键因子DELLA的下游组分研究较少.拟南芥中受GA调控的GASA(GA-Stimulated in Arabidopsis)家族共有15个基因,预测所有GASA蛋白的N端均有一可剪切的信号肽,C端含有12个半胱氨酸的GASA保守结构域.RT-PCR结果证实,在DELLA突变体gai-t6和rga-24以及二者双突变体中,GASA4和GASA6的表达上调而GASA1和GASA9下调,与GASA4和GASA6表达受外源赤霉酸(GA3)促进而GASA1和GASA9表达受GA3抑制的结果相一致.除此之外,其他一些GASA基因表达也分别受GA3和脱落酸(ABA)的独立或共同调控.大部分GASA基因在根、茎、叶、花和幼嫩荚果中均有表达.利用启动子驱动GUS报告基因的方法研究了GASA6,GASA7,GASA8,GASA9,GASA10,GASA11和GASA12等7个基因的器官表达特异性,发现在生长分化旺盛的组织器官及离层区均有这些基因的表达,可能与细胞的分裂和生长有关.本研究为GASA基因家族在GA和ABA信号途径中的功能研究提供重要依据。展开更多
Background:GASA(Giberellic Acid Stimulated in Arabidopsis)gene family plays a crucial role in the phytohormone signaling pathway,growth and development,and stress responses in plants.Many GASA homologs have been ident...Background:GASA(Giberellic Acid Stimulated in Arabidopsis)gene family plays a crucial role in the phytohormone signaling pathway,growth and development,and stress responses in plants.Many GASA homologs have been identified in various plants.Nevertheless,little is known about these proteins in cotton.Results:In the current study,we identified 19,17,25,33,and 38 GASA genes via genome-wide analyses of Gossypium herbaceum,G.arboreum,G.raimondii,G.barbadense,and G.hirsutum,respectively,and performed comprehensive bioinformatics and expression analyses.According to our results,132 GASA proteins shared similar protein structures and were classified into four groups based on the phylogenetic tree.A synteny analysis suggested that segmental duplication was a key driver in the expansion of the GASA gene family.Meanwhile,the cis-element and protein interaction analyses indicated that GhGASA proteins play a significant role in the hormone responses.Transcriptomic and qRT-PCR(Quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction)analyses revealed diverse expression profiles of the GhGASA genes in different organs under abiotic stresses,indicating that some GhGASA genes possibly participate in fiber development and abiotic-stress responses.Conclusions:The GASA genes in cotton were systematically identified and analyzed for the first time in this paper,and it suggested that the GASA genes are important to the development and growth of cotton.These results will support future exploration of the functions of GASA genes in cotton.展开更多
基金Supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.30570165,U0731006)Science and Technology Foundation of Guangdong Province (Grant No.2006A20101007)
文摘Separation and functional research of related components involved in gibberellins(GAs) signaling are important to clarify the mechanism of GA functioning.Research on the downstream components of DELLA,the key factor of the GA signaling pathway,is limited at present.GASA(GA-Stimulated in Arabidopsis) family contains 15 genes usually regulated by GA in Arabidopsis thaliana.All GASA proteins have a cleavable signal peptide in N terminus and a conserved GASA domain including 12 cysteines in C terminus.RT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of GASA4 and GASA6 were down-regulated,but GASA1 and GASA9 were up-regulated in the DELLA mutants,gai-t6 and rga-24,as well as the double mutant,consisting with the results that GASA4 and GASA6 were induced,but GASA1 and GASA9 were inhibited by exogenous GA3.In addition,the expression patterns of other GASA genes were regulated by GA and ABA,separately or cooperatively.Most of GASA genes were expressed in roots,stems,leaves,flowers and developing siliques.GUS gene driven by the promoters of GASA6,GASA7,GASA8,GASA9,GASA10,GASA11 and GASA12 were used as reporters and it was found that all GASA genes expressed in the growing and differentiating organs and abscission zones,suggesting the role of these genes in cell growth and differentiation.This study provided an important basis for functional study of the GASA gene family in the GA and ABA signaling pathway.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30570165)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China (Grant Nos. 5005912 and 2006A20101007)
文摘PRPs (proline-rich proteins) are a group of cell wall proteins characterized by their proline and hy- droproline-rich repetitive peptides. The expression of PRPs in plants is stimulated by wounding and environmental stress. GASA (gibberellic acid stimulated in Arabidopsis) proteins are small peptides sharing a 60 amino acid conserved C-terminal domain containing twelve invariant cysteine residues. Most of GASAs reported are localized to apoplasm or cell wall and their expression was regulated by gibberellins (GAs). It has been reported that, in French bean, these two proteins encoding by two distinct genes formed a two-component chitin-receptor involved in plant-pathogen interactions when plant was infected. We cloned a full-length cDNA of PRGL (proline-rich GASA-like) gene which encodes a protein containing both PRP and GASA-like domains. It is demonstrated that PRGL is a new protein with characteristics of PRP and GASA by analyzing its protein structure and gene expression.
文摘赤霉素调节的GASA(Gibberellic Acid-Stimulated in Arabidopsis)基因家族是植物特有的转录因子家族,在调控植物生长发育过程中起重要作用。关于小麦GASA基因家族全基因组分析的研究尚未见报道。为进一步探讨小麦GASA基因的功能,通过对小麦最新基因组数据进行分析,获得了35个TaGASA基因,命名为TaGASAs,根据染色体编号排列为TaGASA1～TaGASA35。结合公布的小麦品种Chinese Spring的基因组数据,采用生物信息学方法对其基因结构、染色体分布、蛋白结构、系统进化及表达谱进行了分析。结果表明,35个小麦TaGASA基因分布于除3A、4A、3B、3D染色体外的其余17条染色体上,基因编码长度为78～264个氨基酸的蛋白质,基因外显子数量从2个到7个不等;串联重复片段分析结果表明,片段复制和串联重复是小麦TaGASA家族基因扩张的主要模式;小麦TaGASA蛋白进化树和7种作物GASA基因的系统进化树表明,GASA基因分为4个类别,同一类之间的结构较为相似;小麦35个TaGASA基因家族成员含有10个motif,推测小麦TaGASA基因家族应都含有motif1、motif2和motif3。在13个组织器官中都检测到了35个TaGASA基因的转录本,不同组织器官中TaGASA基因的表达存在明显差异。
文摘赤霉素(gibberellins,GAs)信号转导途径相关组分的分离与功能研究对于最终阐明GA作用机制十分重要,目前赤霉素信号途径关键因子DELLA的下游组分研究较少.拟南芥中受GA调控的GASA(GA-Stimulated in Arabidopsis)家族共有15个基因,预测所有GASA蛋白的N端均有一可剪切的信号肽,C端含有12个半胱氨酸的GASA保守结构域.RT-PCR结果证实,在DELLA突变体gai-t6和rga-24以及二者双突变体中,GASA4和GASA6的表达上调而GASA1和GASA9下调,与GASA4和GASA6表达受外源赤霉酸(GA3)促进而GASA1和GASA9表达受GA3抑制的结果相一致.除此之外,其他一些GASA基因表达也分别受GA3和脱落酸(ABA)的独立或共同调控.大部分GASA基因在根、茎、叶、花和幼嫩荚果中均有表达.利用启动子驱动GUS报告基因的方法研究了GASA6,GASA7,GASA8,GASA9,GASA10,GASA11和GASA12等7个基因的器官表达特异性,发现在生长分化旺盛的组织器官及离层区均有这些基因的表达,可能与细胞的分裂和生长有关.本研究为GASA基因家族在GA和ABA信号途径中的功能研究提供重要依据。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.31701474).
文摘Background:GASA(Giberellic Acid Stimulated in Arabidopsis)gene family plays a crucial role in the phytohormone signaling pathway,growth and development,and stress responses in plants.Many GASA homologs have been identified in various plants.Nevertheless,little is known about these proteins in cotton.Results:In the current study,we identified 19,17,25,33,and 38 GASA genes via genome-wide analyses of Gossypium herbaceum,G.arboreum,G.raimondii,G.barbadense,and G.hirsutum,respectively,and performed comprehensive bioinformatics and expression analyses.According to our results,132 GASA proteins shared similar protein structures and were classified into four groups based on the phylogenetic tree.A synteny analysis suggested that segmental duplication was a key driver in the expansion of the GASA gene family.Meanwhile,the cis-element and protein interaction analyses indicated that GhGASA proteins play a significant role in the hormone responses.Transcriptomic and qRT-PCR(Quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction)analyses revealed diverse expression profiles of the GhGASA genes in different organs under abiotic stresses,indicating that some GhGASA genes possibly participate in fiber development and abiotic-stress responses.Conclusions:The GASA genes in cotton were systematically identified and analyzed for the first time in this paper,and it suggested that the GASA genes are important to the development and growth of cotton.These results will support future exploration of the functions of GASA genes in cotton.
