Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) is one of the most promising combustion concepts to maintain low pollutant emissions and high efficiency. However, low load combustion stability and firing in cold-start operations ...Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) is one of the most promising combustion concepts to maintain low pollutant emissions and high efficiency. However, low load combustion stability and firing in cold-start operations are two major challenges for GCI combustion. Strategies including negative valve overlap (NVO), advanced injection strategies, fuel reforming, and intake preheating have been proposed in order to solve these difficulties;however, the cold start is still an obstacle. The objective of this work is to study effective methods to achieve GCI engine cold start-up. This work combines NVO, in-cylinder fuel reforming, and intake preheating to achieve quick firing under cold-start conditions and the subsequent warmup conditions. The results show that start of injection (SOI) during the intake stroke yields the best fuel economy, and injection during the compression stroke has the potential to extend the low load limit. Furthermore, SOI during the NVO period grants the ability to operate under engine conditions with cold intake air and coolant. With highly reactive products made by in-cylinder fuel reforming and fast heat accumulation in the combustion chamber, the NVO injection strategy is highly appropriate for GCI firing. An additional assisted technical method, such as intake preheating, is required to ignite the first firing cycle for a cold-start process. With the combination of NVO, in-cylinder fuel reforming, and intake preheating, the GCI engine successfully started within five combustion cycles in the experiment. After the firing process, the engine could stably operate without further intake preheating;thus, this method is appropriate for engine cold-start and warm-up.展开更多
基于计算流体力学(CFD)软件CONVERGE建立了大型低速2冲程柴油引燃缸内直喷天然气船用发动机燃烧仿真模型。首先通过试验结果对模型进行了验证,进而开展了天然气高压喷射模式(high pressure direct injection,HPDI)下米勒循环和天然气两...基于计算流体力学(CFD)软件CONVERGE建立了大型低速2冲程柴油引燃缸内直喷天然气船用发动机燃烧仿真模型。首先通过试验结果对模型进行了验证,进而开展了天然气高压喷射模式(high pressure direct injection,HPDI)下米勒循环和天然气两次喷射策略对发动机压力振荡的抑制效果研究。结果表明,推迟排气门关闭时刻,整体燃烧压力降低,燃烧相位推迟,发生剧烈压力振荡的时刻也推迟。排气门关闭时刻推迟较小时压力振荡强度降低,但过度推迟反而提高缸内压力振荡的强度,这主要是缸内热力学状态变化和燃料自燃特性相互作用的结果。通过调整预喷射量,可以降低燃烧前形成的可燃混合气量,从而影响燃烧过程中预混合燃烧比例,可以有效抑制压力振荡.但会导致输出功率降低及能耗增大。相比预喷射量,喷射间隔对缸内压力振荡的影响较小,但过大喷射间隔会影响燃烧相位,导致功率损失严重。合理的喷射策略可以在抑制压力振荡的同时保证功率输出。展开更多
Dual-fuel premixed charge compression ignition (DF-PCCI) combustion has been proven to be a viable alternative to conventional diesel combustion in heavy-duty compression ignition engines due to its low nitrogen oxide...Dual-fuel premixed charge compression ignition (DF-PCCI) combustion has been proven to be a viable alternative to conventional diesel combustion in heavy-duty compression ignition engines due to its low nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions. When natural gas (NG) is applied to a DF-PCCI engine, its low reactivity reduces the maximum pressure rise rate under high loads. However, the NG–diesel DF-PCCI engine suffers from low combustion efficiency under low loads. In this study, an injection strategy of fuel supply (NG and diesel) in a DF-PCCI engine was investigated in order to reduce both the fuel consumption and hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions under low load conditions. A variation in the NG substitution and diesel start of energizing (SOE) was found to effectively control the formation of the fuel–air mixture. A double injection strategy of diesel was implemented to adjust the local reactivity of the mixture. Retardation of the diesel pilot SOE and a low fraction of the diesel pilot injection quantity were favorable for reducing the combustion loss. The introduction of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) improved the fuel economy and reduced the NOx and PM emissions below Euro VI regulations by retarding the combustion phasing. The combination of an NG substitution of 40%, the double injection strategy of diesel, and a moderate EGR rate effectively improved the combustion efficiency and indicated efficiency, and reduced the HC and CO emissions under low load conditions.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91641203, 51476114, and 91741119)he National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFB0103400).
文摘Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) is one of the most promising combustion concepts to maintain low pollutant emissions and high efficiency. However, low load combustion stability and firing in cold-start operations are two major challenges for GCI combustion. Strategies including negative valve overlap (NVO), advanced injection strategies, fuel reforming, and intake preheating have been proposed in order to solve these difficulties;however, the cold start is still an obstacle. The objective of this work is to study effective methods to achieve GCI engine cold start-up. This work combines NVO, in-cylinder fuel reforming, and intake preheating to achieve quick firing under cold-start conditions and the subsequent warmup conditions. The results show that start of injection (SOI) during the intake stroke yields the best fuel economy, and injection during the compression stroke has the potential to extend the low load limit. Furthermore, SOI during the NVO period grants the ability to operate under engine conditions with cold intake air and coolant. With highly reactive products made by in-cylinder fuel reforming and fast heat accumulation in the combustion chamber, the NVO injection strategy is highly appropriate for GCI firing. An additional assisted technical method, such as intake preheating, is required to ignite the first firing cycle for a cold-start process. With the combination of NVO, in-cylinder fuel reforming, and intake preheating, the GCI engine successfully started within five combustion cycles in the experiment. After the firing process, the engine could stably operate without further intake preheating;thus, this method is appropriate for engine cold-start and warm-up.
文摘基于计算流体力学(CFD)软件CONVERGE建立了大型低速2冲程柴油引燃缸内直喷天然气船用发动机燃烧仿真模型。首先通过试验结果对模型进行了验证,进而开展了天然气高压喷射模式(high pressure direct injection,HPDI)下米勒循环和天然气两次喷射策略对发动机压力振荡的抑制效果研究。结果表明,推迟排气门关闭时刻,整体燃烧压力降低,燃烧相位推迟,发生剧烈压力振荡的时刻也推迟。排气门关闭时刻推迟较小时压力振荡强度降低,但过度推迟反而提高缸内压力振荡的强度,这主要是缸内热力学状态变化和燃料自燃特性相互作用的结果。通过调整预喷射量,可以降低燃烧前形成的可燃混合气量,从而影响燃烧过程中预混合燃烧比例,可以有效抑制压力振荡.但会导致输出功率降低及能耗增大。相比预喷射量,喷射间隔对缸内压力振荡的影响较小,但过大喷射间隔会影响燃烧相位,导致功率损失严重。合理的喷射策略可以在抑制压力振荡的同时保证功率输出。
基金the Global-Top Project,Development of Advanced Combustion Technology for Global Top Low Emission Vehicle(2016002070001)the Ministry of Environment(MOE)of Korea for financial support by the Center for Environmentally Friendly Vehicle(CEFV)
文摘Dual-fuel premixed charge compression ignition (DF-PCCI) combustion has been proven to be a viable alternative to conventional diesel combustion in heavy-duty compression ignition engines due to its low nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions. When natural gas (NG) is applied to a DF-PCCI engine, its low reactivity reduces the maximum pressure rise rate under high loads. However, the NG–diesel DF-PCCI engine suffers from low combustion efficiency under low loads. In this study, an injection strategy of fuel supply (NG and diesel) in a DF-PCCI engine was investigated in order to reduce both the fuel consumption and hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions under low load conditions. A variation in the NG substitution and diesel start of energizing (SOE) was found to effectively control the formation of the fuel–air mixture. A double injection strategy of diesel was implemented to adjust the local reactivity of the mixture. Retardation of the diesel pilot SOE and a low fraction of the diesel pilot injection quantity were favorable for reducing the combustion loss. The introduction of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) improved the fuel economy and reduced the NOx and PM emissions below Euro VI regulations by retarding the combustion phasing. The combination of an NG substitution of 40%, the double injection strategy of diesel, and a moderate EGR rate effectively improved the combustion efficiency and indicated efficiency, and reduced the HC and CO emissions under low load conditions.
