AIM: To study the implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program at a large University Hospital from “pilot study” to “standard of care”.
Keratoconus is an ectatic condition characterized by gradual corneal thinning,corneal protrusion,progressive irregular astigmatism,corneal fibrosis,and visual impairment.The therapeutic options regarding improvement o...Keratoconus is an ectatic condition characterized by gradual corneal thinning,corneal protrusion,progressive irregular astigmatism,corneal fibrosis,and visual impairment.The therapeutic options regarding improvement of visual function include glasses or soft contact lenses correction for initial stages,gas-permeable rigid contact lenses,scleral lenses,implantation of intrastromal corneal ring or corneal transplants for most advanced stages.In keratoconus cases showing disease progression corneal collagen crosslinking(CXL)has been proven to be an effective,minimally invasive and safe procedure.CXL consists of a photochemical reaction of corneal collagen by riboflavin stimulation with ultraviolet A radiation,resulting in stromal crosslinks formation.The aim of this review is to carry out an examination of CXL methods based on theoretical basis and mathematical models,from the original Dresden protocol to the most recent developments in the technique,reporting the changes proposed in the last 15y and examining the advantages and disadvantages of the various treatment protocols.Finally,the limits of non-standardized methods and the perspectives offered by a customization of the treatment are highlighted.展开更多
最近的研究表明,在当前网络未启用SACK选项的TCP流中,有超过一半的数据流采用TCP New Reno的快速恢复算法.而Padhye提出的基于TCP Reno的TCP吞吐量分析模型,不能准确反映TCP New Reno数据流的吞吐量.Padhye模型在建立过程中采用猝发性...最近的研究表明,在当前网络未启用SACK选项的TCP流中,有超过一半的数据流采用TCP New Reno的快速恢复算法.而Padhye提出的基于TCP Reno的TCP吞吐量分析模型,不能准确反映TCP New Reno数据流的吞吐量.Padhye模型在建立过程中采用猝发性丢包模型,同时忽略了快速恢复阶段和超时后的慢启动阶段,影响了预测的准确性.基于此,提出了一种基于TCP New Reno的吞吐量分析模型.在分析过程中,采用了更符合真实网络丢包特征的丢包模型,并且充分考虑了快速恢复阶段和超时后的慢启动阶段对吞吐量的影响.仿真实验表明,该模型可以准确地预测TCP New Reno数据流的吞吐量.展开更多
针对目前我国环境监测系统中数据需要高效、高保真、低时延压缩传输的现状,采用FAST(FIX Adapted for Streaming)协议处理数据,该协议利用数据内容与结构描述分离的方法,对数据内容进行字节编码以及二进制序列化压缩,用发送和接受双方...针对目前我国环境监测系统中数据需要高效、高保真、低时延压缩传输的现状,采用FAST(FIX Adapted for Streaming)协议处理数据,该协议利用数据内容与结构描述分离的方法,对数据内容进行字节编码以及二进制序列化压缩,用发送和接受双方都理解的模板描述数据结构。试验结果表明FAST协议能够有效解决传输数据的大量重复,在工业高速海量实时数据的应用中具有巨大的优越性。为FAST协议在工业控制系统中的进一步应用提供了一定的基础。展开更多
BACKGROUND Protocols for nurse-led extubation are as safe as a physician-guided weaning in general intensive care unit(ICU).Early extubation is a cornerstone of fast-track cardiac surgery,and it has been mainly implem...BACKGROUND Protocols for nurse-led extubation are as safe as a physician-guided weaning in general intensive care unit(ICU).Early extubation is a cornerstone of fast-track cardiac surgery,and it has been mainly implemented in post-anaesthesia care units.Introducing a nurse-led extubation protocol may lead to reduced extubation time.AIM To investigate results of the implementation of a nurse-led protocol for early extubation after elective cardiac surgery,aiming at higher extubation rates by the third postoperative hour.METHODS A single centre prospective study in an 18-bed,consultant-led Cardiothoracic ICU,with a 1:1 nurse-to-patient ratio.During a 3-wk period,the protocol was implemented with:(1)Structured teaching sessions at nurse handover and at bed-space(all staff received teaching,over 90%were exposed at least twice;(2)Email;and(3)Laminated sheets at bed-space.We compared“standard practice”and“intervention”periods before and after the protocol implementation,measuring extubation rates at several time-points from the third until the 24th postoperative hour.RESULTS Of 122 cardiac surgery patients admitted to ICU,13 were excluded as early weaning was considered unsafe.Therefore,109 patients were included,54 in the standard and 55 in the intervention period.Types of surgical interventions and baseline left ventricular function were similar between groups.From the third to the 12th post-operative hour,the intervention group displayed a higher proportion of patients extubated compared to the standard group.However,results were significant only at the sixth hour(58%vs 37%,P=0.04),and not different at the third hour(13%vs 6%,P=0.33).From the 12th post-operative hour time-point onward,extubation rates became almost identical between groups(83%in standard vs 83%in intervention period).CONCLUSION The implementation of a nurse-led protocol for early extubation after cardiac surgery in ICU may gradually lead to higher rates of early extubation.展开更多
FAST(FIX adapted for streaming)协议利用结构模型描述与数据内容分离的方法,根据设定的消息数据模板对数据内容进行字节编码以及二进制序列化压缩,有效地提高了海量数据传输的实时性和可靠性。探讨了FAST协议在电能质量监测系统数据...FAST(FIX adapted for streaming)协议利用结构模型描述与数据内容分离的方法,根据设定的消息数据模板对数据内容进行字节编码以及二进制序列化压缩,有效地提高了海量数据传输的实时性和可靠性。探讨了FAST协议在电能质量监测系统数据压缩传输方面的应用可行性,进一步扩大了FAST协议在智能电网等工业控制系统中的应用。展开更多
针对目前智能脱扣器中采集数据需要高效、高保真、低时延压缩传输的现状,采用FAST(FIX Adapted for Streaming)协议处理数据,该协议利用数据内容与结构描述分离的方法,用发送和接受双方都理解的模板描述数据结构,对数据内容进行字节编...针对目前智能脱扣器中采集数据需要高效、高保真、低时延压缩传输的现状,采用FAST(FIX Adapted for Streaming)协议处理数据,该协议利用数据内容与结构描述分离的方法,用发送和接受双方都理解的模板描述数据结构,对数据内容进行字节编码以及二进制序列化压缩。描述了用C++语言实现FAST算法的方法,试验结果表明FAST协议能够有效解决传输数据的大量重复,在工业高速海量实时数据的应用中具有巨大的优越性。展开更多
文摘AIM: To study the implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program at a large University Hospital from “pilot study” to “standard of care”.
文摘Keratoconus is an ectatic condition characterized by gradual corneal thinning,corneal protrusion,progressive irregular astigmatism,corneal fibrosis,and visual impairment.The therapeutic options regarding improvement of visual function include glasses or soft contact lenses correction for initial stages,gas-permeable rigid contact lenses,scleral lenses,implantation of intrastromal corneal ring or corneal transplants for most advanced stages.In keratoconus cases showing disease progression corneal collagen crosslinking(CXL)has been proven to be an effective,minimally invasive and safe procedure.CXL consists of a photochemical reaction of corneal collagen by riboflavin stimulation with ultraviolet A radiation,resulting in stromal crosslinks formation.The aim of this review is to carry out an examination of CXL methods based on theoretical basis and mathematical models,from the original Dresden protocol to the most recent developments in the technique,reporting the changes proposed in the last 15y and examining the advantages and disadvantages of the various treatment protocols.Finally,the limits of non-standardized methods and the perspectives offered by a customization of the treatment are highlighted.
文摘最近的研究表明,在当前网络未启用SACK选项的TCP流中,有超过一半的数据流采用TCP New Reno的快速恢复算法.而Padhye提出的基于TCP Reno的TCP吞吐量分析模型,不能准确反映TCP New Reno数据流的吞吐量.Padhye模型在建立过程中采用猝发性丢包模型,同时忽略了快速恢复阶段和超时后的慢启动阶段,影响了预测的准确性.基于此,提出了一种基于TCP New Reno的吞吐量分析模型.在分析过程中,采用了更符合真实网络丢包特征的丢包模型,并且充分考虑了快速恢复阶段和超时后的慢启动阶段对吞吐量的影响.仿真实验表明,该模型可以准确地预测TCP New Reno数据流的吞吐量.
文摘针对目前我国环境监测系统中数据需要高效、高保真、低时延压缩传输的现状,采用FAST(FIX Adapted for Streaming)协议处理数据,该协议利用数据内容与结构描述分离的方法,对数据内容进行字节编码以及二进制序列化压缩,用发送和接受双方都理解的模板描述数据结构。试验结果表明FAST协议能够有效解决传输数据的大量重复,在工业高速海量实时数据的应用中具有巨大的优越性。为FAST协议在工业控制系统中的进一步应用提供了一定的基础。
文摘BACKGROUND Protocols for nurse-led extubation are as safe as a physician-guided weaning in general intensive care unit(ICU).Early extubation is a cornerstone of fast-track cardiac surgery,and it has been mainly implemented in post-anaesthesia care units.Introducing a nurse-led extubation protocol may lead to reduced extubation time.AIM To investigate results of the implementation of a nurse-led protocol for early extubation after elective cardiac surgery,aiming at higher extubation rates by the third postoperative hour.METHODS A single centre prospective study in an 18-bed,consultant-led Cardiothoracic ICU,with a 1:1 nurse-to-patient ratio.During a 3-wk period,the protocol was implemented with:(1)Structured teaching sessions at nurse handover and at bed-space(all staff received teaching,over 90%were exposed at least twice;(2)Email;and(3)Laminated sheets at bed-space.We compared“standard practice”and“intervention”periods before and after the protocol implementation,measuring extubation rates at several time-points from the third until the 24th postoperative hour.RESULTS Of 122 cardiac surgery patients admitted to ICU,13 were excluded as early weaning was considered unsafe.Therefore,109 patients were included,54 in the standard and 55 in the intervention period.Types of surgical interventions and baseline left ventricular function were similar between groups.From the third to the 12th post-operative hour,the intervention group displayed a higher proportion of patients extubated compared to the standard group.However,results were significant only at the sixth hour(58%vs 37%,P=0.04),and not different at the third hour(13%vs 6%,P=0.33).From the 12th post-operative hour time-point onward,extubation rates became almost identical between groups(83%in standard vs 83%in intervention period).CONCLUSION The implementation of a nurse-led protocol for early extubation after cardiac surgery in ICU may gradually lead to higher rates of early extubation.
文摘FAST(FIX adapted for streaming)协议利用结构模型描述与数据内容分离的方法,根据设定的消息数据模板对数据内容进行字节编码以及二进制序列化压缩,有效地提高了海量数据传输的实时性和可靠性。探讨了FAST协议在电能质量监测系统数据压缩传输方面的应用可行性,进一步扩大了FAST协议在智能电网等工业控制系统中的应用。
文摘针对目前智能脱扣器中采集数据需要高效、高保真、低时延压缩传输的现状,采用FAST(FIX Adapted for Streaming)协议处理数据,该协议利用数据内容与结构描述分离的方法,用发送和接受双方都理解的模板描述数据结构,对数据内容进行字节编码以及二进制序列化压缩。描述了用C++语言实现FAST算法的方法,试验结果表明FAST协议能够有效解决传输数据的大量重复,在工业高速海量实时数据的应用中具有巨大的优越性。
