Objective： We analyzed the proportion of cancer-caused hospitalization expenses in total hospitalization expenses from national authoritative data and explored influencing factors of the proportion so as to provide e...Objective： We analyzed the proportion of cancer-caused hospitalization expenses in total hospitalization expenses from national authoritative data and explored influencing factors of the proportion so as to provide effective data information for more rational utilization of health resources.Methods： Two-level lineal regression model was used to explore influencing factors of ratios of the cancer inpatient expenditure over the total inpatient expenditure of hospitals in China in 2015. A total of 40.76 million inpatient medical records were used to generate the outcome variables, while the explanatory variables were from hospital information database and China Health and Family Planning Statistical Yearbook and literatures.Results： Inpatient expenditure pattern for cancer（IEPC） varied largely across provinces, ranging from 3.03% to19.61%. The major sources of variability were from the differences of hospital level and number of beds. There was homogeneity within a province, while heterogeneity between the provinces. Rising one level of the hospital led to the increase of 0.475 natural logarithm units of IEPC averagely. The number of beds increasing 1,000 each made the natural logarithm of IEPC increase one unit averagely.Conclusions： Our study showed that a considerable proportion of IEPC variation could be explained by the differences of hospital level and number of beds. It implied that it is possible to estimate disease-specific ratio of inpatient expense taking into account key influencing factors in China. Furthermore, this study is an input to economic and financial analyses and provides evidence for future study on the national economic burden of cancer.展开更多
BACKGROUND Obesity is a disease state with serious adverse metabolic complications,including glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes that currently has no cure.Identifying and understanding roles of various modulators...BACKGROUND Obesity is a disease state with serious adverse metabolic complications,including glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes that currently has no cure.Identifying and understanding roles of various modulators of body composition and glucose homeostasis is required for developing effective cures.Syndecan-1(Sdc1) is a member of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan family that has mainly been investigated for its role in regulating proliferation and survival of epithelia and tumor cells,but little is known about its roles in regulating obesity and glucose homeostasis.AIM To examine the role of Sdc1 in regulating body fat and glucose metabolism.METHODS We used female wild type and Sdc1 knockout(Sdc1 KO) mice on BALB/c background and multiple methods.Metabolic measurements(rates of oxygen consumption,carbon dioxide production,respiratory exchange ratio and energy expenditure) were performed using an open-flow indirect calorimeter with additional features to measure food intake and physical activity.Glucose intolerance and insulin resistance were measured by established tolerance test methods.RESULTS Although our primary goal was to investigate the effects of Sdc1 deficiency on body fat and glucose homeostasis,we uncovered that Sdc1 regulates multiple metabolic parameters.Sdc1 KO mice have reduced body weight due to significant decreases in fat and lean masses under both chow and high fat diet conditions.The reduced body weight was not due to changes in food intakes,but Sdc1 KO mice exhibited altered feeding behavior as they ate more during the dark phase and less during the light phase than wild type mice.In addition,Sdc1 KO mice suffered from high rate of energy expenditure,glucose intolerance and insulin resistance.CONCLUSION These results reveal critical multisystem and opposing roles for Sdc1 in regulating normal energy balance and glucose homeostasis.The results will have important implications for targeting Sdc1 to modulate metabolic parameters.Finally,we offer a novel hypothesis that could reconcile the op展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 71403189)
文摘Objective： We analyzed the proportion of cancer-caused hospitalization expenses in total hospitalization expenses from national authoritative data and explored influencing factors of the proportion so as to provide effective data information for more rational utilization of health resources.Methods： Two-level lineal regression model was used to explore influencing factors of ratios of the cancer inpatient expenditure over the total inpatient expenditure of hospitals in China in 2015. A total of 40.76 million inpatient medical records were used to generate the outcome variables, while the explanatory variables were from hospital information database and China Health and Family Planning Statistical Yearbook and literatures.Results： Inpatient expenditure pattern for cancer（IEPC） varied largely across provinces, ranging from 3.03% to19.61%. The major sources of variability were from the differences of hospital level and number of beds. There was homogeneity within a province, while heterogeneity between the provinces. Rising one level of the hospital led to the increase of 0.475 natural logarithm units of IEPC averagely. The number of beds increasing 1,000 each made the natural logarithm of IEPC increase one unit averagely.Conclusions： Our study showed that a considerable proportion of IEPC variation could be explained by the differences of hospital level and number of beds. It implied that it is possible to estimate disease-specific ratio of inpatient expense taking into account key influencing factors in China. Furthermore, this study is an input to economic and financial analyses and provides evidence for future study on the national economic burden of cancer.
文摘BACKGROUND Obesity is a disease state with serious adverse metabolic complications,including glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes that currently has no cure.Identifying and understanding roles of various modulators of body composition and glucose homeostasis is required for developing effective cures.Syndecan-1(Sdc1) is a member of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan family that has mainly been investigated for its role in regulating proliferation and survival of epithelia and tumor cells,but little is known about its roles in regulating obesity and glucose homeostasis.AIM To examine the role of Sdc1 in regulating body fat and glucose metabolism.METHODS We used female wild type and Sdc1 knockout(Sdc1 KO) mice on BALB/c background and multiple methods.Metabolic measurements(rates of oxygen consumption,carbon dioxide production,respiratory exchange ratio and energy expenditure) were performed using an open-flow indirect calorimeter with additional features to measure food intake and physical activity.Glucose intolerance and insulin resistance were measured by established tolerance test methods.RESULTS Although our primary goal was to investigate the effects of Sdc1 deficiency on body fat and glucose homeostasis,we uncovered that Sdc1 regulates multiple metabolic parameters.Sdc1 KO mice have reduced body weight due to significant decreases in fat and lean masses under both chow and high fat diet conditions.The reduced body weight was not due to changes in food intakes,but Sdc1 KO mice exhibited altered feeding behavior as they ate more during the dark phase and less during the light phase than wild type mice.In addition,Sdc1 KO mice suffered from high rate of energy expenditure,glucose intolerance and insulin resistance.CONCLUSION These results reveal critical multisystem and opposing roles for Sdc1 in regulating normal energy balance and glucose homeostasis.The results will have important implications for targeting Sdc1 to modulate metabolic parameters.Finally,we offer a novel hypothesis that could reconcile the op
