The exchanges of mercury between surface and air are of significance in the biogeochemical cycling of Hg in the environment, but there are still few reliable data on air/surface exchange in aquatic systems. Field meas...The exchanges of mercury between surface and air are of significance in the biogeochemical cycling of Hg in the environment, but there are still few reliable data on air/surface exchange in aquatic systems. Field measurement campaigns over seawater surface at Kristineberg Marine Research Station (KMRS) and over Hovg?rds?n River surface at Knobesholm in southwestern Sweden were conducted to measure mercury flux using a dynamic flux chamber technique coupled with automatic mercury vapor-phase analyzers. Both sites show net emissions during summer time. Mercury fluxes measured over both river and seawater surfaces exhibit a consistently diurnal pattern with maximum fluxes during the daytime period and minimum fluxes during the nighttime period. At freshwater site, mercury flux is strongly correlated with the intensity of net solar radiation, and negatively correlated with relative humidity. A typical exponential relationship between mercury flux and water temperature was observed at freshwater measurement site. At seawater site, a strong correlation between mercury flux and intensity of solar radiation was obtained. The driving force of mercury emission from water surface to air is the super-saturation of dissolved gaseous mercury in aqueous phase.展开更多
利用动力学通量箱与高时间分辨率测汞仪联用技术对贵阳市市区及其郊区4个点的土壤大气界面间的汞交换通量进行了测定,用小型多功能气象仪记录了采样期间的气象参数。结果显示:4个采样点的大气汞含量都明显高于全球背景值(1.5~2.0 ng m-...利用动力学通量箱与高时间分辨率测汞仪联用技术对贵阳市市区及其郊区4个点的土壤大气界面间的汞交换通量进行了测定,用小型多功能气象仪记录了采样期间的气象参数。结果显示:4个采样点的大气汞含量都明显高于全球背景值(1.5~2.0 ng m-3),显示出贵阳市市区及郊区都遭受了不同程度的大气汞污染。土壤大气界面间的汞交换通量与光照强度具有显著的相关关系,与土壤温度也有很好的相关性。展开更多
Basic patterns of the reversal of the Kuroshio water toward the shelf, intrusion of the shelf mixed water into the Kuroshio and uplifting of the near-bottom nutrient-rich water into the upper layer by the pumping of t...Basic patterns of the reversal of the Kuroshio water toward the shelf, intrusion of the shelf mixed water into the Kuroshio and uplifting of the near-bottom nutrient-rich water into the upper layer by the pumping of the frontal eddy are analyzed on the basis of satellite infrared images and hydrologic, chemical and biological observations. Results show that the Kuroshio frontal eddies play a very important role in the exchange between the shelf water and the Kuroshio water. The estimation of the average volume transports for three frontal eddy events indicates that the shelf mixed water entrained by an eddy into Kuroshio is 0.44×10~6 m3/s and the reversal Kuroshio water onto the shelf region only 0.04×10~6 m3/s. Along the whole shelf edge, the volume transport of the shelf mixed water entrained by the eddies into the Kuroshio is 1.8×10~6 m3/s. The nutrient (NO3-N) flux pumped to the euphotic zone and input to the continental shelf through a column with 1 m wide is 974 μmol/(s·m) when there is frontal eddy and only 79 μmol/(s·m) in the case of no frontal eddy. Yearly nutrient (NO3-N) flux input to the shelf area caused by the frontal eddy is 1.7×10~5 t/a.展开更多
文摘The exchanges of mercury between surface and air are of significance in the biogeochemical cycling of Hg in the environment, but there are still few reliable data on air/surface exchange in aquatic systems. Field measurement campaigns over seawater surface at Kristineberg Marine Research Station (KMRS) and over Hovg?rds?n River surface at Knobesholm in southwestern Sweden were conducted to measure mercury flux using a dynamic flux chamber technique coupled with automatic mercury vapor-phase analyzers. Both sites show net emissions during summer time. Mercury fluxes measured over both river and seawater surfaces exhibit a consistently diurnal pattern with maximum fluxes during the daytime period and minimum fluxes during the nighttime period. At freshwater site, mercury flux is strongly correlated with the intensity of net solar radiation, and negatively correlated with relative humidity. A typical exponential relationship between mercury flux and water temperature was observed at freshwater measurement site. At seawater site, a strong correlation between mercury flux and intensity of solar radiation was obtained. The driving force of mercury emission from water surface to air is the super-saturation of dissolved gaseous mercury in aqueous phase.
文摘利用动力学通量箱与高时间分辨率测汞仪联用技术对贵阳市市区及其郊区4个点的土壤大气界面间的汞交换通量进行了测定,用小型多功能气象仪记录了采样期间的气象参数。结果显示:4个采样点的大气汞含量都明显高于全球背景值(1.5~2.0 ng m-3),显示出贵阳市市区及郊区都遭受了不同程度的大气汞污染。土壤大气界面间的汞交换通量与光照强度具有显著的相关关系,与土壤温度也有很好的相关性。
基金The project was supponed by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No. 49376259.
文摘Basic patterns of the reversal of the Kuroshio water toward the shelf, intrusion of the shelf mixed water into the Kuroshio and uplifting of the near-bottom nutrient-rich water into the upper layer by the pumping of the frontal eddy are analyzed on the basis of satellite infrared images and hydrologic, chemical and biological observations. Results show that the Kuroshio frontal eddies play a very important role in the exchange between the shelf water and the Kuroshio water. The estimation of the average volume transports for three frontal eddy events indicates that the shelf mixed water entrained by an eddy into Kuroshio is 0.44×10~6 m3/s and the reversal Kuroshio water onto the shelf region only 0.04×10~6 m3/s. Along the whole shelf edge, the volume transport of the shelf mixed water entrained by the eddies into the Kuroshio is 1.8×10~6 m3/s. The nutrient (NO3-N) flux pumped to the euphotic zone and input to the continental shelf through a column with 1 m wide is 974 μmol/(s·m) when there is frontal eddy and only 79 μmol/(s·m) in the case of no frontal eddy. Yearly nutrient (NO3-N) flux input to the shelf area caused by the frontal eddy is 1.7×10~5 t/a.
