针对甘南草原生态系统水资源压力日益增大及草原退化的形势,本研究采用理论基础坚实、区域应用限制小、反演陆面蒸散发量较为合理准确的SEBS(Surface Energy Balance System)模型。在此基础上,将新一代对地观测数据MODIS应用于反演甘南...针对甘南草原生态系统水资源压力日益增大及草原退化的形势,本研究采用理论基础坚实、区域应用限制小、反演陆面蒸散发量较为合理准确的SEBS(Surface Energy Balance System)模型。在此基础上,将新一代对地观测数据MODIS应用于反演甘南草原区域地表蒸散发(Evapotranspiration,ET),并对甘南草原区域7月份的日均ET进行了反演,分析了2000年和2009年间该区域ET的时空分布格局和发展变化。同时,采用图像剖面线分形的方法描述研究区遥感ET的局部以及微观的结构特征,了解遥感ET分布的空间差异和变化趋势。研究表明:该区域日均ET总体上是减少的,其中一些区域变化幅度较大,减少了50%左右;其中,在地表水含量丰富的吉木都塘草原风景区和桑科草原风景区以及西库乎鹿场附近的黄河支流、尕海自然保护区、科才苦河、白龙江、拱坝河及洮河的水体周围,ET量才有7.00mm左右,主要与该区域水资源的减少有关。展开更多
论文基于估算NPP的CASA模型和估算ET的三角形模型对水分限制因子算法进行改进的基础上,构建了由NPP子模型和ET子模型组成的WUE遥感估算模型,以2010年相关MODIS影像和气象参量为数据源,实现了渭河流域WUE的估算,并对WUE的时空特征及其与...论文基于估算NPP的CASA模型和估算ET的三角形模型对水分限制因子算法进行改进的基础上,构建了由NPP子模型和ET子模型组成的WUE遥感估算模型,以2010年相关MODIS影像和气象参量为数据源,实现了渭河流域WUE的估算,并对WUE的时空特征及其与年内气温、降雨的关系进行了分析。研究表明:1)WUE模拟结果与通量观测数据以及生态系统模型模拟结果均具有一定的可比性,各模型模拟结果存在差异可能与WUE定义、模拟区域、使用数据源以及使用植被覆盖分类底图等存在差异有关;2)渭河流域WUE年内分布呈现微"双峰"型格局,以8月最高,春、夏、秋、冬四季WUE分别为0.57、1.05、0.66、0.12 g C·m-2·mm-1,呈现夏季>秋季>春季>冬季的特征;3)渭河流域WUE空间分布呈现子午岭、黄龙山、六盘山以及秦岭北坡等林区高,西安市建成区、子流域上游低植被覆盖区以及局部旱作农业区低的分异特征;4)渭河流域尺度上,WUE随年内气温和降雨的变化均呈现5阶段的变化特征,但变化形式存在差异。展开更多
Estimation of the transpiration rate for a tree is generally based on sap flow measurements within the hydro-active stem xylem. In this study, radial variation of sap flow velocity（Js） was investigated at five depth...Estimation of the transpiration rate for a tree is generally based on sap flow measurements within the hydro-active stem xylem. In this study, radial variation of sap flow velocity（Js） was investigated at five depths of the xylem（1, 2, 3, 5 and 8 cm under the cambium） in three mature Xinjiang poplar（Populus alba L. var. pyramidalis） trees grown at the Gansu Minqin National Studies Station for Desert Steppe Ecosystem from May to October 2011. Thermal dissipation probes of various lengths manufactured according to the Granier＇s design were installed into each tree for simultaneous observation of the radial patterns of Js through the xylem. The radial patterns were found to fit the four-parameter GaussAmp equation. The peak Js was about 27.02±0.95 kg/（dm2？d） at approximately 3 to 5 cm deep from the cambium of the three trees,and the lowest Js appeared at 1 cm deep in most of the time. Approximately 50% of the total sap flow in Xinjiang poplar occurred within one-third of the xylem from its outer radius, whereas 90% of the total sap flow occurred within two-fifth of the xylem. In addition, the innermost point of the xylem（at 8-cm depth）, which appeared as the penultimate sap flow in most cases during the study period, was hydro-active with Js,8 of 7.55±3.83 kg/（dm2？d）. The radial pattern of Js was found to be steeper in midday than in other time of the day, and steeper diurnal fluctuations were recorded in June, July and August（the mid-growing season）. Maximum differences between the lowest Js（Js,1 or Js,8） and the highest Js（Js,3 or Js,5） from May through October were 12.41, 17.35, 16.30, 18.52, 12.60 and 16.04 g/（cm2？h）, respectively. The time-dependent changes of Js along the radial profile（except at 1-cm depth） were strongly related to the reference evapotranspiration（ET0）. Due to significant radial variability of Js, the mean daily sap flow at the whole-tree level could be over-estimated by up to 29.69% when only a single probe at depth of 2 cm was used. 展开更多
Accurate inversion of land surface evapotranspiration （ET） in arid areas is of great significance for understanding global eco-hydrological process and exploring the spatio-temporal variation and ecological response...Accurate inversion of land surface evapotranspiration （ET） in arid areas is of great significance for understanding global eco-hydrological process and exploring the spatio-temporal variation and ecological response of water resources. It is also important in the functional evaluation of regional water cycle and water balance, as well as the rational allocation and management of water resources. This study, based on model validation analysis at varied scales in fiwe Central Asian countries and China＇s Xinjiang, developed an appropriate approach for ET inversion in arid lands. The actual ET during growing seasons of the study area was defined, and the changes in water participating in evaporation in regional water cycle were then educed. The results show the simulation error of SEBS （Surface Energy Balance System） model under cloud amount consideration was 1.34% at 30-m spatial scale, 2.75% at 1-km spatial scale and 6,37% at 4-kin spatial scale. ET inversion for 1980-2007 applying SEBS model in the study area indicates： （1） the evaporation depth （May-September） by land types descends in the order of waters （660.24 ram） 〉 cultivated land （464.66 mm） 〉 woodland （388.44 mm） 〉 urbanized land （168.16 mm） 〉 grassland （160.48 mm） 〉 unused land （83.08 mm）; and （2） ET during the 2005 growing season in Xinjiang and Central Asia was 2,168.68x108 m3 （with an evaporation/precipitation ratio of 1.05） and 9,741.03x108 m3 （with an evaporation/precipitation ratio of 1.4）, respectively. The results unveiled the spatio-temporal variation rules of ET process in arid areas, providing a reference for further research on the water cycle and water balance in similar arid regions.展开更多
文摘针对甘南草原生态系统水资源压力日益增大及草原退化的形势,本研究采用理论基础坚实、区域应用限制小、反演陆面蒸散发量较为合理准确的SEBS(Surface Energy Balance System)模型。在此基础上,将新一代对地观测数据MODIS应用于反演甘南草原区域地表蒸散发(Evapotranspiration,ET),并对甘南草原区域7月份的日均ET进行了反演,分析了2000年和2009年间该区域ET的时空分布格局和发展变化。同时,采用图像剖面线分形的方法描述研究区遥感ET的局部以及微观的结构特征,了解遥感ET分布的空间差异和变化趋势。研究表明:该区域日均ET总体上是减少的,其中一些区域变化幅度较大,减少了50%左右;其中,在地表水含量丰富的吉木都塘草原风景区和桑科草原风景区以及西库乎鹿场附近的黄河支流、尕海自然保护区、科才苦河、白龙江、拱坝河及洮河的水体周围,ET量才有7.00mm左右,主要与该区域水资源的减少有关。
文摘论文基于估算NPP的CASA模型和估算ET的三角形模型对水分限制因子算法进行改进的基础上,构建了由NPP子模型和ET子模型组成的WUE遥感估算模型,以2010年相关MODIS影像和气象参量为数据源,实现了渭河流域WUE的估算,并对WUE的时空特征及其与年内气温、降雨的关系进行了分析。研究表明:1)WUE模拟结果与通量观测数据以及生态系统模型模拟结果均具有一定的可比性,各模型模拟结果存在差异可能与WUE定义、模拟区域、使用数据源以及使用植被覆盖分类底图等存在差异有关;2)渭河流域WUE年内分布呈现微"双峰"型格局,以8月最高,春、夏、秋、冬四季WUE分别为0.57、1.05、0.66、0.12 g C·m-2·mm-1,呈现夏季>秋季>春季>冬季的特征;3)渭河流域WUE空间分布呈现子午岭、黄龙山、六盘山以及秦岭北坡等林区高,西安市建成区、子流域上游低植被覆盖区以及局部旱作农业区低的分异特征;4)渭河流域尺度上,WUE随年内气温和降雨的变化均呈现5阶段的变化特征,但变化形式存在差异。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31070628)Field support for this research was provided by Gansu Minqin National Studies Station for Desert Steppe Ecosystem
文摘Estimation of the transpiration rate for a tree is generally based on sap flow measurements within the hydro-active stem xylem. In this study, radial variation of sap flow velocity（Js） was investigated at five depths of the xylem（1, 2, 3, 5 and 8 cm under the cambium） in three mature Xinjiang poplar（Populus alba L. var. pyramidalis） trees grown at the Gansu Minqin National Studies Station for Desert Steppe Ecosystem from May to October 2011. Thermal dissipation probes of various lengths manufactured according to the Granier＇s design were installed into each tree for simultaneous observation of the radial patterns of Js through the xylem. The radial patterns were found to fit the four-parameter GaussAmp equation. The peak Js was about 27.02±0.95 kg/（dm2？d） at approximately 3 to 5 cm deep from the cambium of the three trees,and the lowest Js appeared at 1 cm deep in most of the time. Approximately 50% of the total sap flow in Xinjiang poplar occurred within one-third of the xylem from its outer radius, whereas 90% of the total sap flow occurred within two-fifth of the xylem. In addition, the innermost point of the xylem（at 8-cm depth）, which appeared as the penultimate sap flow in most cases during the study period, was hydro-active with Js,8 of 7.55±3.83 kg/（dm2？d）. The radial pattern of Js was found to be steeper in midday than in other time of the day, and steeper diurnal fluctuations were recorded in June, July and August（the mid-growing season）. Maximum differences between the lowest Js（Js,1 or Js,8） and the highest Js（Js,3 or Js,5） from May through October were 12.41, 17.35, 16.30, 18.52, 12.60 and 16.04 g/（cm2？h）, respectively. The time-dependent changes of Js along the radial profile（except at 1-cm depth） were strongly related to the reference evapotranspiration（ET0）. Due to significant radial variability of Js, the mean daily sap flow at the whole-tree level could be over-estimated by up to 29.69% when only a single probe at depth of 2 cm was used.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40730633 and 40571030)
文摘Accurate inversion of land surface evapotranspiration （ET） in arid areas is of great significance for understanding global eco-hydrological process and exploring the spatio-temporal variation and ecological response of water resources. It is also important in the functional evaluation of regional water cycle and water balance, as well as the rational allocation and management of water resources. This study, based on model validation analysis at varied scales in fiwe Central Asian countries and China＇s Xinjiang, developed an appropriate approach for ET inversion in arid lands. The actual ET during growing seasons of the study area was defined, and the changes in water participating in evaporation in regional water cycle were then educed. The results show the simulation error of SEBS （Surface Energy Balance System） model under cloud amount consideration was 1.34% at 30-m spatial scale, 2.75% at 1-km spatial scale and 6,37% at 4-kin spatial scale. ET inversion for 1980-2007 applying SEBS model in the study area indicates： （1） the evaporation depth （May-September） by land types descends in the order of waters （660.24 ram） 〉 cultivated land （464.66 mm） 〉 woodland （388.44 mm） 〉 urbanized land （168.16 mm） 〉 grassland （160.48 mm） 〉 unused land （83.08 mm）; and （2） ET during the 2005 growing season in Xinjiang and Central Asia was 2,168.68x108 m3 （with an evaporation/precipitation ratio of 1.05） and 9,741.03x108 m3 （with an evaporation/precipitation ratio of 1.4）, respectively. The results unveiled the spatio-temporal variation rules of ET process in arid areas, providing a reference for further research on the water cycle and water balance in similar arid regions.
