Financial technology(Fintech)makes a significant contribution to the financial system by reducing costs,providing higher quality services and increasing customer satisfaction.Hence,new studies play an essential role t...Financial technology(Fintech)makes a significant contribution to the financial system by reducing costs,providing higher quality services and increasing customer satisfaction.Hence,new studies play an essential role to improve Fintech investments.This study evaluates Fintech-based investments of European banking services with an application of an original methodology that considers interval type-2(IT2)fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory and IT2 fuzzy TOPSIS models.Empirical findings are controlled for consistency by applying the VIKOR method.Moreover,we conduct a sensitivity analysis by considering six distinct cases.This study contributes to the existing literature by identifying the most important Fintech-based investment alternatives to improve the financial performance of European banks.Our empirical findings illustrate that results are coherent,reliable,and identify“competitive advantage”as the most important factor among Fintech-based determinants.Moreover,“payment and money transferring systems”are the most important Fintech-based investment alternatives.It is recommended that,among Fintech-based investments,European banks should mainly focus on payment and money transferring alternatives to attract the attention of customers and satisfy their expectations.This is also believed to have a positive impact on the ease of bank’receivable collection.Another important point is that Fintech-based investments in money transferring systems could help to decrease costs.展开更多
肌肉减少症分为生理性及病理性两类,生理性肌肉减少症如老化性肌肉减少.病理性肌肉减少症又分为良性与恶性两种,分别为良性疾病与恶性肿瘤所致.2010年,欧洲老人肌肉减少症工作组（The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older Pe...肌肉减少症分为生理性及病理性两类,生理性肌肉减少症如老化性肌肉减少.病理性肌肉减少症又分为良性与恶性两种,分别为良性疾病与恶性肿瘤所致.2010年,欧洲老人肌肉减少症工作组（The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People,EWGSOP）提出了肌肉减少症定义的欧洲共识,该共识认为：肌肉减少症是进行性、广泛性的骨骼肌质量及力量下降。展开更多
近年来，食物过敏在世界范围内受到广泛关注。自2010年来，世界上很多学术团体发布了关于食物过敏，特别是牛奶蛋白过敏（cow's milk protein allergy，CMPA）的指南、共识或建议。包括2010年世界过敏组织（World Allergy Organizat...近年来，食物过敏在世界范围内受到广泛关注。自2010年来，世界上很多学术团体发布了关于食物过敏，特别是牛奶蛋白过敏（cow's milk protein allergy，CMPA）的指南、共识或建议。包括2010年世界过敏组织（World Allergy Organization，WAO）发布的《牛奶蛋白过敏诊断和理论依据》[1]，2012年8月欧洲儿科肠胃病学、肝病和营养学会（European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology,Hepatology,and Nutrition，ESPGHAN）发布的《婴幼儿和儿童牛奶蛋白过敏的诊断方法和治疗原则》[2]，中华医学会2013年发布的《中国婴幼儿牛奶蛋白过敏诊治循证建议》[3]和2017年发布的《食物过敏相关消化道疾病诊断与管理专家共识》[4]，2017年英国牵头发布的《国际MAP指南（international MAP Milk Allergy in Primary Care guideline）》，以下简称《iMAP指南》[5]。展开更多
AIM: To compare the racial differences of anatomical distribution of colorectal cancer (CRC) and determine the association of age, gender and time with anatomical distribution between patients from America (white) and...AIM: To compare the racial differences of anatomical distribution of colorectal cancer (CRC) and determine the association of age, gender and time with anatomical distribution between patients from America (white) and China (oriental).METHODS: Data was collected from 690 consecutive patients in Cleveland Clinic Florida, U.S.A. and 870consecutive patients in Nan Fang Hospital affiliated to the First Military Medical University, China over the past 11years from 1990 to 2000. All patients had colorectal adenocarcinoma diagnosed by histology and underwent surgery.RESULTS: The anatomical subsite distribution of tumor,age and gender were significantly different between white and oriental patients. Lesions in the proximal colon (P＜0.001) were found in 36.3 % of white vs 26.0 % of oriental patients and cancers located in the distal colon and rectum in 63.7 % of white and 74 % of oriental patients (P＜0.001). There was a trend towards the redistribution from distal colon and rectum to proximal colon in white males over time, especially in older patients (＞80 years).No significant change of anatomical distribution occurred in white women and Oriental patients. The mean age at diagnosis was 69.0 years in white patients and 48.3 years in Oriental patients (P＜0.001).CONCLUSION: This is the first study comparing the anatomical distribution of colorectal cancers in whites and Chinese patients. White Americans have a higher risk of proximal CRC and this risk increased with time. The proportion of white males with CRC also increased with time.Chinese patients were more likely to have distal CRC and developed the disease at a significantly earlier age than white patients. These findings have enhanced our understanding of the disease process of colorectal cancer in these two races.展开更多
Food safety has received a great deal of attention in both developed and developing countries in recent years. In China, the numerous food scandals and scares that have struck over the past decade have spurred signifi...Food safety has received a great deal of attention in both developed and developing countries in recent years. In China, the numerous food scandals and scares that have struck over the past decade have spurred significant food safety regulatory reform, which has been increasingly oriented towards the public-private partnership model adopted by the Europe Union＇s （EU） food safety regulatory system. This paper analyzes the development of both the EU＇s and China＇s food safety regu- latory systems, identifies the current challenges for China and additionally considers the role of public-private partnership. The success of co-regulation in the food regulatory system would bring significant benefits and opportunities for China. Finally, this paper recommends additional measures like training and grants to improve the private＇s sector effectiveness in co-regulating China＇s food safety issues.展开更多
AIMTo describe magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) according to their grade and tumor-nodes-metastases stage by comparing them to histopathology and to determine t...AIMTo describe magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) according to their grade and tumor-nodes-metastases stage by comparing them to histopathology and to determine the accuracy of MR imaging features in predicting their biological behavior.METHODSThis study was approved by our institutional review board; requirement for informed patient consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study. Preoperative MR examinations of 55 PanNEN patients (29 men, 26 women; mean age of 57.6 years, range 21-83 years) performed between June 2013 and December 2015 were reviewed. Qualitative and quantitative features were compared between tumor grades and stages determined by histopathological analysis.RESULTSIll defined margins were more common in G2-3 and stage III-IV PanNENs than in G1 and low-stage tumors (P < 0.001); this feature had high specificity in the identification of G2-3 and stage III-IV tumors (90.3% and 96%, 95%CI: 73.1-97.5 and 77.7-99.8). The mean apparent diffusion coefficient value was significantly lower in G2-3 and stage III-IV lesions compared to well differentiated and low-stage tumors (1.09 × 10<sup>-3</sup> mm<sup>2</sup>/s vs 1.45 × 10<sup>-3</sup> mm<sup>2</sup>/s and 1.10 × 10<sup>-3</sup> mm<sup>2</sup>/s vs 1.53 × 10<sup>-3</sup> mm<sup>2</sup>/s, P = 0.003 and 0.001). Receiving operator characteristic analysis determined optimal cut-offs of 1.21 and 1.28 × 10<sup>-3</sup> mm<sup>2</sup>/s for the identification of G2-3 and stage III-IV tumors, with sensitivity and specificity values of 70.8/80.7% and 64.5/64% (95%CI: 48.7-86.6/60-92.7 and 45.4-80.2/42.6-81.3).CONCLUSIONMR features of PanNENs vary according to their grade of differentiation and their stage at diagnosis and could predict the biological behavior of these tumors.展开更多
This study is aimed to assess the long-term healthrelated quality of life （HRQL） of patients after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer in comparison with established norms, and to evaluate changes in HRQL during the...This study is aimed to assess the long-term healthrelated quality of life （HRQL） of patients after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer in comparison with established norms, and to evaluate changes in HRQL during the different stages of follow-up after esophageal resection. A systematic review was performed by searching medical databases （Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library） for potentially relevant studies that appeared between January 1975 and March 2011. Studies were included if they addressed the question of HRQL after esophageal resection for esophageal cancer. Two researchers independently performed the study selection, data extraction and analysis processes. Twenty-one observational studies were included with a total of 1282 （12-355） patients. Five studies were performed with short form-36 （SF-36） and 16 with European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer （EORTC） QLQ c30 （14 of them also utilized the disease-specific OESI8 or its previous version OES24）.The analysis of long-term generic HRQL with SF-36 showed pooled scores for physical, role and social function after esophagectomy similar to United States norms, but lower pooled scores for physical function, vitality and general health perception. The analysis of HRQL conducted using the Global EORTC C30 global scale during a 6-mo follow-up showed that global scale and physical function were better at the baseline. The symptom scales indicated worsened fatigue, dyspnea and diarrhea 6 mo after esophagectomy. In contrast, however, emotional function had significantly improved after 6 mo. In conclusion, short- and long-term HRQL is deeply affected after esophagectomy for cancer. The impairment of physical function may be a long-term consequence of esophagectomy involving either the respiratory system or the alimentary tract. The short- and long-term improvement in the emotional function of patients who have undergone successful operations may be attributed to the impression that they have survived a near-death experienc展开更多
欧洲泌尿外科前列腺癌指南自2001年开始出第一版,最近几年每年欧洲泌尿外科年会均会更新一版。欧洲泌尿外科学会(European Association of Urology,EAU)指南之所以能成为最受欢迎的指南之一,最主要的原因是其具备如下特点:(1)体现多学...欧洲泌尿外科前列腺癌指南自2001年开始出第一版,最近几年每年欧洲泌尿外科年会均会更新一版。欧洲泌尿外科学会(European Association of Urology,EAU)指南之所以能成为最受欢迎的指南之一,最主要的原因是其具备如下特点:(1)体现多学科综合意见,欧洲泌尿外科前列腺癌指南编写团队既有泌尿外科专家,也包括了放疗、生殖、病理,以及患者代表,最大程度地体现了多学科综合意见;(2)以患者为中心,在指南的开篇就提到“所有的意见均以最新的医学证据为依据,但这不代表就是临床实践的指导,实际的临床转归还需要泌尿科专家根据患者的实际情况做出最佳的治疗决策”。展开更多
通过对2004年欧洲杯足球赛16支球队31场比赛中犯规动作进行技术统计研究,对欧洲高水平足球运动员的犯规特征及规律进行统计研究,结果发现,在2004年欧洲杯足球赛全部比赛中上、下半场犯规次数相差不大,但下半场裁判员出示的红、黄牌数量...通过对2004年欧洲杯足球赛16支球队31场比赛中犯规动作进行技术统计研究,对欧洲高水平足球运动员的犯规特征及规律进行统计研究,结果发现,在2004年欧洲杯足球赛全部比赛中上、下半场犯规次数相差不大,但下半场裁判员出示的红、黄牌数量远远高于上半场,上、下半场最后15 m in是犯规最多的时间段;现代足球比赛中利用犯规来破坏对方的进攻逐渐发展成为一种重要的战术手段。展开更多
文摘Financial technology(Fintech)makes a significant contribution to the financial system by reducing costs,providing higher quality services and increasing customer satisfaction.Hence,new studies play an essential role to improve Fintech investments.This study evaluates Fintech-based investments of European banking services with an application of an original methodology that considers interval type-2(IT2)fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory and IT2 fuzzy TOPSIS models.Empirical findings are controlled for consistency by applying the VIKOR method.Moreover,we conduct a sensitivity analysis by considering six distinct cases.This study contributes to the existing literature by identifying the most important Fintech-based investment alternatives to improve the financial performance of European banks.Our empirical findings illustrate that results are coherent,reliable,and identify“competitive advantage”as the most important factor among Fintech-based determinants.Moreover,“payment and money transferring systems”are the most important Fintech-based investment alternatives.It is recommended that,among Fintech-based investments,European banks should mainly focus on payment and money transferring alternatives to attract the attention of customers and satisfy their expectations.This is also believed to have a positive impact on the ease of bank’receivable collection.Another important point is that Fintech-based investments in money transferring systems could help to decrease costs.
文摘肌肉减少症分为生理性及病理性两类,生理性肌肉减少症如老化性肌肉减少.病理性肌肉减少症又分为良性与恶性两种,分别为良性疾病与恶性肿瘤所致.2010年,欧洲老人肌肉减少症工作组（The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People,EWGSOP）提出了肌肉减少症定义的欧洲共识,该共识认为：肌肉减少症是进行性、广泛性的骨骼肌质量及力量下降。
文摘近年来，食物过敏在世界范围内受到广泛关注。自2010年来，世界上很多学术团体发布了关于食物过敏，特别是牛奶蛋白过敏（cow's milk protein allergy，CMPA）的指南、共识或建议。包括2010年世界过敏组织（World Allergy Organization，WAO）发布的《牛奶蛋白过敏诊断和理论依据》[1]，2012年8月欧洲儿科肠胃病学、肝病和营养学会（European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology,Hepatology,and Nutrition，ESPGHAN）发布的《婴幼儿和儿童牛奶蛋白过敏的诊断方法和治疗原则》[2]，中华医学会2013年发布的《中国婴幼儿牛奶蛋白过敏诊治循证建议》[3]和2017年发布的《食物过敏相关消化道疾病诊断与管理专家共识》[4]，2017年英国牵头发布的《国际MAP指南（international MAP Milk Allergy in Primary Care guideline）》，以下简称《iMAP指南》[5]。
文摘AIM: To compare the racial differences of anatomical distribution of colorectal cancer (CRC) and determine the association of age, gender and time with anatomical distribution between patients from America (white) and China (oriental).METHODS: Data was collected from 690 consecutive patients in Cleveland Clinic Florida, U.S.A. and 870consecutive patients in Nan Fang Hospital affiliated to the First Military Medical University, China over the past 11years from 1990 to 2000. All patients had colorectal adenocarcinoma diagnosed by histology and underwent surgery.RESULTS: The anatomical subsite distribution of tumor,age and gender were significantly different between white and oriental patients. Lesions in the proximal colon (P＜0.001) were found in 36.3 % of white vs 26.0 % of oriental patients and cancers located in the distal colon and rectum in 63.7 % of white and 74 % of oriental patients (P＜0.001). There was a trend towards the redistribution from distal colon and rectum to proximal colon in white males over time, especially in older patients (＞80 years).No significant change of anatomical distribution occurred in white women and Oriental patients. The mean age at diagnosis was 69.0 years in white patients and 48.3 years in Oriental patients (P＜0.001).CONCLUSION: This is the first study comparing the anatomical distribution of colorectal cancers in whites and Chinese patients. White Americans have a higher risk of proximal CRC and this risk increased with time. The proportion of white males with CRC also increased with time.Chinese patients were more likely to have distal CRC and developed the disease at a significantly earlier age than white patients. These findings have enhanced our understanding of the disease process of colorectal cancer in these two races.
基金provided by the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Marketsby the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Program on "Food Value Chain Upgrading for Food Safety in Transforming Food Markets" (71273269)
文摘Food safety has received a great deal of attention in both developed and developing countries in recent years. In China, the numerous food scandals and scares that have struck over the past decade have spurred significant food safety regulatory reform, which has been increasingly oriented towards the public-private partnership model adopted by the Europe Union＇s （EU） food safety regulatory system. This paper analyzes the development of both the EU＇s and China＇s food safety regu- latory systems, identifies the current challenges for China and additionally considers the role of public-private partnership. The success of co-regulation in the food regulatory system would bring significant benefits and opportunities for China. Finally, this paper recommends additional measures like training and grants to improve the private＇s sector effectiveness in co-regulating China＇s food safety issues.
文摘AIMTo describe magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) according to their grade and tumor-nodes-metastases stage by comparing them to histopathology and to determine the accuracy of MR imaging features in predicting their biological behavior.METHODSThis study was approved by our institutional review board; requirement for informed patient consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study. Preoperative MR examinations of 55 PanNEN patients (29 men, 26 women; mean age of 57.6 years, range 21-83 years) performed between June 2013 and December 2015 were reviewed. Qualitative and quantitative features were compared between tumor grades and stages determined by histopathological analysis.RESULTSIll defined margins were more common in G2-3 and stage III-IV PanNENs than in G1 and low-stage tumors (P < 0.001); this feature had high specificity in the identification of G2-3 and stage III-IV tumors (90.3% and 96%, 95%CI: 73.1-97.5 and 77.7-99.8). The mean apparent diffusion coefficient value was significantly lower in G2-3 and stage III-IV lesions compared to well differentiated and low-stage tumors (1.09 × 10<sup>-3</sup> mm<sup>2</sup>/s vs 1.45 × 10<sup>-3</sup> mm<sup>2</sup>/s and 1.10 × 10<sup>-3</sup> mm<sup>2</sup>/s vs 1.53 × 10<sup>-3</sup> mm<sup>2</sup>/s, P = 0.003 and 0.001). Receiving operator characteristic analysis determined optimal cut-offs of 1.21 and 1.28 × 10<sup>-3</sup> mm<sup>2</sup>/s for the identification of G2-3 and stage III-IV tumors, with sensitivity and specificity values of 70.8/80.7% and 64.5/64% (95%CI: 48.7-86.6/60-92.7 and 45.4-80.2/42.6-81.3).CONCLUSIONMR features of PanNENs vary according to their grade of differentiation and their stage at diagnosis and could predict the biological behavior of these tumors.
文摘This study is aimed to assess the long-term healthrelated quality of life （HRQL） of patients after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer in comparison with established norms, and to evaluate changes in HRQL during the different stages of follow-up after esophageal resection. A systematic review was performed by searching medical databases （Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library） for potentially relevant studies that appeared between January 1975 and March 2011. Studies were included if they addressed the question of HRQL after esophageal resection for esophageal cancer. Two researchers independently performed the study selection, data extraction and analysis processes. Twenty-one observational studies were included with a total of 1282 （12-355） patients. Five studies were performed with short form-36 （SF-36） and 16 with European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer （EORTC） QLQ c30 （14 of them also utilized the disease-specific OESI8 or its previous version OES24）.The analysis of long-term generic HRQL with SF-36 showed pooled scores for physical, role and social function after esophagectomy similar to United States norms, but lower pooled scores for physical function, vitality and general health perception. The analysis of HRQL conducted using the Global EORTC C30 global scale during a 6-mo follow-up showed that global scale and physical function were better at the baseline. The symptom scales indicated worsened fatigue, dyspnea and diarrhea 6 mo after esophagectomy. In contrast, however, emotional function had significantly improved after 6 mo. In conclusion, short- and long-term HRQL is deeply affected after esophagectomy for cancer. The impairment of physical function may be a long-term consequence of esophagectomy involving either the respiratory system or the alimentary tract. The short- and long-term improvement in the emotional function of patients who have undergone successful operations may be attributed to the impression that they have survived a near-death experienc
文摘欧洲泌尿外科前列腺癌指南自2001年开始出第一版,最近几年每年欧洲泌尿外科年会均会更新一版。欧洲泌尿外科学会(European Association of Urology,EAU)指南之所以能成为最受欢迎的指南之一,最主要的原因是其具备如下特点:(1)体现多学科综合意见,欧洲泌尿外科前列腺癌指南编写团队既有泌尿外科专家,也包括了放疗、生殖、病理,以及患者代表,最大程度地体现了多学科综合意见;(2)以患者为中心,在指南的开篇就提到“所有的意见均以最新的医学证据为依据,但这不代表就是临床实践的指导,实际的临床转归还需要泌尿科专家根据患者的实际情况做出最佳的治疗决策”。
文摘通过对2004年欧洲杯足球赛16支球队31场比赛中犯规动作进行技术统计研究,对欧洲高水平足球运动员的犯规特征及规律进行统计研究,结果发现,在2004年欧洲杯足球赛全部比赛中上、下半场犯规次数相差不大,但下半场裁判员出示的红、黄牌数量远远高于上半场,上、下半场最后15 m in是犯规最多的时间段;现代足球比赛中利用犯规来破坏对方的进攻逐渐发展成为一种重要的战术手段。
