海氏桨角蚜小蜂Eretmocerus hayati(Zolnerowich and Rose)原产于巴基斯坦,是B型烟粉虱Bemisiatabaci(Gennadius)的一种有效天敌。本文报道了不同温度条件(20、22、26、30、34℃,RH65%±5%,光周期14L∶10D)和饲养在不同寄主植物—...海氏桨角蚜小蜂Eretmocerus hayati(Zolnerowich and Rose)原产于巴基斯坦,是B型烟粉虱Bemisiatabaci(Gennadius)的一种有效天敌。本文报道了不同温度条件(20、22、26、30、34℃,RH65%±5%,光周期14L∶10D)和饲养在不同寄主植物——番茄、黄瓜、甘蓝上(26℃,RH65%±5%,光周期14L∶10D)烟粉虱对海氏桨角蚜小蜂生物学特性的影响。结果表明,在20℃和30℃恒温条件下,该蜂寄生在番茄上饲养的烟粉虱的发育历期分别为31.7d和12.4d,完成发育的有效积温为247日.度,发育起点温度为11.9℃。在26℃恒温条件下,该蜂寄生番茄、黄瓜和甘蓝上的烟粉虱若虫时,卵至成蜂羽化的发育历期分别为15.7、16.1和15.2d,相应存活率分别为74.6%、72.1%和78.7%,雌蜂寿命分别为7.4、7.6和8.1d,平均繁殖量分别为67.2、62.3和74.7粒卵。本研究结果对海氏桨角蚜小蜂的大量饲养和田间释放具有指导作用。展开更多
The functional responses of two parasitoids, Eretmocerus hayati Zolnerowich ＆ Rose and Encarsia sophia Girault ＆ Dodd, of whitefly Bemisia tabaci Gennadius Middle East-Asia Minor 1 were studied under laboratory cond...The functional responses of two parasitoids, Eretmocerus hayati Zolnerowich ＆ Rose and Encarsia sophia Girault ＆ Dodd, of whitefly Bemisia tabaci Gennadius Middle East-Asia Minor 1 were studied under laboratory conditions. In addition, the influence of host density and host stage on the competitive interactions between the two parasitoids, and biological control effect on whitefly were evaluated. In the functional response study, adult parasitoids were tested individually, with a conspecific or heterospecific competitor. Both Er. hayati and En. sophia exhibited a type II response to increasing host density, whether a conspecific or heterospecific competitor was present or not. Difference of searching rates and handling times between treatments suggested interference interactions existed between two parasitoid species. In the host stage preference study, two parasitoid species were jointly tested. Er. hayati had a competitive advantage over En. sophia when provided young host instars （first and second instar）, whereas no advantage was found on old host instars （third and fourth instar）. The biological control effect ofEr hayati and En. sophia in different introductions varied with host density. However, the effect of host instar on host mortality was not significant. These findings provide information for the practice of biological control and give better insight into how parasitoid species may coexist in diverse environments.展开更多
文摘海氏桨角蚜小蜂Eretmocerus hayati(Zolnerowich and Rose)原产于巴基斯坦,是B型烟粉虱Bemisiatabaci(Gennadius)的一种有效天敌。本文报道了不同温度条件(20、22、26、30、34℃,RH65%±5%,光周期14L∶10D)和饲养在不同寄主植物——番茄、黄瓜、甘蓝上(26℃,RH65%±5%,光周期14L∶10D)烟粉虱对海氏桨角蚜小蜂生物学特性的影响。结果表明,在20℃和30℃恒温条件下,该蜂寄生在番茄上饲养的烟粉虱的发育历期分别为31.7d和12.4d,完成发育的有效积温为247日.度,发育起点温度为11.9℃。在26℃恒温条件下,该蜂寄生番茄、黄瓜和甘蓝上的烟粉虱若虫时,卵至成蜂羽化的发育历期分别为15.7、16.1和15.2d,相应存活率分别为74.6%、72.1%和78.7%,雌蜂寿命分别为7.4、7.6和8.1d,平均繁殖量分别为67.2、62.3和74.7粒卵。本研究结果对海氏桨角蚜小蜂的大量饲养和田间释放具有指导作用。
基金Acknowledgments This research was financially supported by the Na- tional Natural Science Foundation of China （30930062, 31301726） and the National Basic Research Program of China （2013CBl27605）. The authors thank Steven A. Juliano （Illinois State University） and Xiang-Hong Yu （Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences） for statistical assistance.
文摘The functional responses of two parasitoids, Eretmocerus hayati Zolnerowich ＆ Rose and Encarsia sophia Girault ＆ Dodd, of whitefly Bemisia tabaci Gennadius Middle East-Asia Minor 1 were studied under laboratory conditions. In addition, the influence of host density and host stage on the competitive interactions between the two parasitoids, and biological control effect on whitefly were evaluated. In the functional response study, adult parasitoids were tested individually, with a conspecific or heterospecific competitor. Both Er. hayati and En. sophia exhibited a type II response to increasing host density, whether a conspecific or heterospecific competitor was present or not. Difference of searching rates and handling times between treatments suggested interference interactions existed between two parasitoid species. In the host stage preference study, two parasitoid species were jointly tested. Er. hayati had a competitive advantage over En. sophia when provided young host instars （first and second instar）, whereas no advantage was found on old host instars （third and fourth instar）. The biological control effect ofEr hayati and En. sophia in different introductions varied with host density. However, the effect of host instar on host mortality was not significant. These findings provide information for the practice of biological control and give better insight into how parasitoid species may coexist in diverse environments.
文摘双生病毒可通过调控寄主植物促进媒介昆虫烟粉虱种群增长,然而病毒侵染植物后是否通过调控植物挥发物来影响烟粉虱及其天敌的嗅觉反应还未见报道。【目的】本文旨在研究烟草植株感染中国番茄黄化曲叶病毒(Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus,TYLCCNV)后对烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)及其重要寄生性天敌海氏桨角蚜小蜂Eretmocerus hayati(Zolnerowich and Rose)嗅觉反应行为的影响。【方法】利用Y形嗅觉仪方法,我们测试了烟粉虱及海氏桨角蚜小蜂对带毒植株、健康植株及烟粉虱危害植株的选择偏好性。【结果】烟粉虱及海氏桨角蚜小蜂选择携带TYLCCNV病毒的烟草显著多于健康烟草植株,但烟草被病毒与烟粉虱共同侵染时,烟粉虱对带毒烟草的选择仍显著多于无毒植株,而寄生蜂虽然仍较多选择带毒植株,但无显著差异。【结论】这些结果表明烟粉虱及海氏桨角蚜小蜂偏好选择携带TYLCCNV病毒的烟草,但这种偏好作用在烟粉虱取食共同危害时有一定程度的减弱。本研究首次报道了双生病毒侵染植物可增加烟粉虱及其天敌对植物的选择作用,并就其功能及机制进行了讨论。
