Background: Although there has been significant reduction in HIV prevalence and new HIV infections in India, some of the low/moderate prevalence states have been showing long term increase in HIV prevalence and new HI...Background: Although there has been significant reduction in HIV prevalence and new HIV infections in India, some of the low/moderate prevalence states have been showing long term increase in HIV prevalence and new HIV infections. Assam, a state in northeast India is one such low HIV prevalence state where HIV prevalence and new HIV infections have almost doubled in the last few years. This study examined the trend of HIV prevalence across districts/regions of Assam and its association with developmental and program indicators. Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive analysis of secondary data from the National AIDS Control Program, Census of India-2011, and District Level Household and Facility Survey-3 was conducted. The time period covered under the secondary data analysis was 2007 to 2012. Correlation and Chi-square for trend tests were also used in this paper. Results: During 2007 and 2012, HIV positivity (%) increased relatively in North Assam (46.9%) followed by South Assam (11.5%) while there has been a relative decline in West Assam (﹣51.5%). Correlation analysis showed statistically significant association between HIV prevalence and female literacy, population using mobile phone, population using internet, women (15 - 49 years) seeking treatment for any STI/RTI, proportion of brothel based FSWs, FSWs having <5 clients per week and proportion of condom utilized annually. Conclusion: Program efforts in the state should be focus on the districts with increasing HIV prevalence. Emphasis should be given in planning strategies to address the program gaps among the high risk and vulnerable populations in the state.展开更多
目的从国家、医院、和个体3个层面构建新发重大传染病背景下基于疫情防控视角的社会损失指标体系,为公立综合医院制定新发重大传染病防控措施提供决策依据。方法以"新发重大传染病""突发公共卫生事件""社会损...目的从国家、医院、和个体3个层面构建新发重大传染病背景下基于疫情防控视角的社会损失指标体系,为公立综合医院制定新发重大传染病防控措施提供决策依据。方法以"新发重大传染病""突发公共卫生事件""社会损失""新冠疫情""评价"等和"infectious diseases""public health emergency""social loss""COVID-19""evaluate"等为检索词,于中国知网(CNKI)、万方、维普、Web of Science,Google Scholar检索截至2020年12月23日发表的文献。通过文献分析和专家咨询法,从国家、医院和个体3个层面初步构建新发重大传染病背景下的公立综合医院社会损失指标体系。根据初步构建的社会损失指标体系,分别针对国家、医院和个体3种主体设计调查问卷,于2021年12月25日至2022年5月20日进行问卷调查。采用因子分析法分析问卷数据以优化社会损失指标体系并确定各指标的权重。结果公立综合医院社会损失指标体系包括14个一级指标和60个二级指标,国家层面的一级指标为政府治理能力、国家直接经济损失、社会保障、网络舆情、间接经济损失和国际合作;医院层面为医院人力、物力及信息资源,医院服务和医院运行情况;个体层面为生理健康、心理社会健康和外在环境。各层面权重最高的一级指标分别为社会保障,人力、物力和信息资源以及生理健康;权重最高二级指标分别为高额医疗费用支出、非医护人员过劳和医疗保险。结论本研究构建的新发重大传染病背景下的社会损失指标体系具有较好的科学性和合理性,可为公立综合医院防控措施的制定提供依据。展开更多
文摘Background: Although there has been significant reduction in HIV prevalence and new HIV infections in India, some of the low/moderate prevalence states have been showing long term increase in HIV prevalence and new HIV infections. Assam, a state in northeast India is one such low HIV prevalence state where HIV prevalence and new HIV infections have almost doubled in the last few years. This study examined the trend of HIV prevalence across districts/regions of Assam and its association with developmental and program indicators. Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive analysis of secondary data from the National AIDS Control Program, Census of India-2011, and District Level Household and Facility Survey-3 was conducted. The time period covered under the secondary data analysis was 2007 to 2012. Correlation and Chi-square for trend tests were also used in this paper. Results: During 2007 and 2012, HIV positivity (%) increased relatively in North Assam (46.9%) followed by South Assam (11.5%) while there has been a relative decline in West Assam (﹣51.5%). Correlation analysis showed statistically significant association between HIV prevalence and female literacy, population using mobile phone, population using internet, women (15 - 49 years) seeking treatment for any STI/RTI, proportion of brothel based FSWs, FSWs having <5 clients per week and proportion of condom utilized annually. Conclusion: Program efforts in the state should be focus on the districts with increasing HIV prevalence. Emphasis should be given in planning strategies to address the program gaps among the high risk and vulnerable populations in the state.
文摘目的从国家、医院、和个体3个层面构建新发重大传染病背景下基于疫情防控视角的社会损失指标体系,为公立综合医院制定新发重大传染病防控措施提供决策依据。方法以"新发重大传染病""突发公共卫生事件""社会损失""新冠疫情""评价"等和"infectious diseases""public health emergency""social loss""COVID-19""evaluate"等为检索词,于中国知网(CNKI)、万方、维普、Web of Science,Google Scholar检索截至2020年12月23日发表的文献。通过文献分析和专家咨询法,从国家、医院和个体3个层面初步构建新发重大传染病背景下的公立综合医院社会损失指标体系。根据初步构建的社会损失指标体系,分别针对国家、医院和个体3种主体设计调查问卷,于2021年12月25日至2022年5月20日进行问卷调查。采用因子分析法分析问卷数据以优化社会损失指标体系并确定各指标的权重。结果公立综合医院社会损失指标体系包括14个一级指标和60个二级指标,国家层面的一级指标为政府治理能力、国家直接经济损失、社会保障、网络舆情、间接经济损失和国际合作;医院层面为医院人力、物力及信息资源,医院服务和医院运行情况;个体层面为生理健康、心理社会健康和外在环境。各层面权重最高的一级指标分别为社会保障,人力、物力和信息资源以及生理健康;权重最高二级指标分别为高额医疗费用支出、非医护人员过劳和医疗保险。结论本研究构建的新发重大传染病背景下的社会损失指标体系具有较好的科学性和合理性,可为公立综合医院防控措施的制定提供依据。
