The development of efficient and cost-effective catalysts to catalyze a wide variety of electrochemical reactions is key to realize the large-scale applicati on of ren ewable and clean en ergy tech no logies.Owing to ...The development of efficient and cost-effective catalysts to catalyze a wide variety of electrochemical reactions is key to realize the large-scale applicati on of ren ewable and clean en ergy tech no logies.Owing to the maximum atom-utilization efficie ncy and unique electronic and geometric structures,single atom catalysts(SACs)have exhibited superior performance in various catalytic systems.Recently,assembled from the function alized orga nic lin kers and metal no des,metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)with ultrafi ne porosity have received treme ndous attention as precursors or self-sacrificing templates for preparing porous SACs.Here,the recent advances toward the synthesis strategies for using MOF precursors/templates to con struct SACs are systematically summarized with special emphasis on the types of central metal sites.The electrochemical applications of these recently emerged MOF-derived SACs for various energy-conversion processes,such as oxygen reduction/evolution reaction(ORR/OER),hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),and CO2 reduction reaction(CO2RR),are also discussed and reviewed.Fin ally,the curre nt challe nges and prospects regardi ng the developme nt of MOF-derived SACs are proposed.展开更多
The ammonia synthesis from nitrogen and water under ambient conditions is one of the most inviting but challenging reaction routes.Although nitrogen is abundant in the atmosphere and the ammonia synthesis reaction is ...The ammonia synthesis from nitrogen and water under ambient conditions is one of the most inviting but challenging reaction routes.Although nitrogen is abundant in the atmosphere and the ammonia synthesis reaction is exothermic on the thermodynamics,the conversion of N2 to ammonia is actually hard to proceed owing to the chemical inertness and stability of N2 molecules.In industry,ammonia synthesis is carried out by the Haber-Bosch process under harsh conditions (300-500 ℃,20-30 MPa) associated with the requirement of substantial energy input and the enormous emission of greenhouse gases (e.g.,CO2).Recently,a growing number of studies on photo(electro)catalytic and electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) in aqueous solution have attracted extensive attention,which holds great promise for nitrogen fixation under room temperature and atmospheric pressure.However,the very low efficiency and ambiguous mechanism still remain as the major hurdles for the development of photochemical and electrochemical NRR systems.Here we provide an overview of the latest progresses,remaining challenges and future prospects in photocatalytic and electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation.Moreover,this review offers a helpful guidance for the reasonable design of photocatalysts and electrocatalysts towards NRR by combining theory predictions and experiment results.We hope this review can stimulate more research interests in the relatively understudied but highly promising research field of NRR.展开更多
Hydrogen production from water splitting using renewable electric energy is an interesting topic towards the carbon neutral future.Single atom catalysts(SACs)have emerged as a new frontier in the field of catalysis su...Hydrogen production from water splitting using renewable electric energy is an interesting topic towards the carbon neutral future.Single atom catalysts(SACs)have emerged as a new frontier in the field of catalysis such as hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),owing to their intriguing properties like high activity and excellent chemical selectivity.The catalytic active moiety is often comprised of a single metal atom and its neighboring environment from the supports.Recent published reviews about electricdriven HER tend to classify these SACs by the species of active center atom,nevertheless the influence of their neighboring coordinated atoms from the supports is somehow neglected.Thus we classify the SACs for HER through the type of supports,highlighting the electronic metal–support interaction and their coordination environment from support.Then,we put forward some structural designing strategies including regulating of the central atoms,coordination environments,and metal-support interactions.Finally,the current challenges and future research perspectives of SACs for HER are briefly proposed.展开更多
Ammonia is essential for food and energy.Industrial ammonia synthesis via Haber–Bosch process is energy-intensive and releases large amount of CO2.Increasing research efforts are devoted to "green"ammonia s...Ammonia is essential for food and energy.Industrial ammonia synthesis via Haber–Bosch process is energy-intensive and releases large amount of CO2.Increasing research efforts are devoted to "green"ammonia synthesis.The present article reviews the recent progress in the fields of thermocatalytic, electrocatalytic, photocatalytic and chemical looping processes for dinitrogen reduction towards ammonia formation and discusses the challenges borne for mild-condition synthesis.展开更多
With high surface area,open porosity and high efficiency,a catalyst was prepared and firstly employed in electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 and electrosynthesis of dimethyl carbonate（DMC）.The electrochemical property...With high surface area,open porosity and high efficiency,a catalyst was prepared and firstly employed in electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 and electrosynthesis of dimethyl carbonate（DMC）.The electrochemical property for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 in ionic liquid was studied by cyclic voltammogram（CV）.The effects of various reaction variables like temperature,working potential and cathode materials on the electrocatalytic performance were also investigated.80%yield of DMC was obtained under the optimal reaction conditions.展开更多
Praseodymium was selected as a promoter for SnO2/Ti electrode to improve the electrocatalytic performance by electrodeposition in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment; the micrograph and the structure were characterize...Praseodymium was selected as a promoter for SnO2/Ti electrode to improve the electrocatalytic performance by electrodeposition in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment; the micrograph and the structure were characterized by SEM and XRD. Mixture uniform design was used in the optimization of the electrolytic conditions; mathematical model was established according to the rate of wiping COD off, which revealed the relationship between the current intensity, time of electrolysis, the amount of doped Pr, and the ratio of area （SnOJTi：Al）. On the basis of the analysis of the empirical model, the optimized parameters had been obtained; the rate of wiping COD off was up to 94.9%, it decreased from 392 to 20 mg/L. Experimental results showed that the electrocatalytic performance of the electrode doped with Pr was superior for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater.展开更多
Electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)has been recognized as the bottleneck of overall water splitting,which is a promising approach for sustainable production of H_(2).Transition metal(TM)hydroxides are the ...Electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)has been recognized as the bottleneck of overall water splitting,which is a promising approach for sustainable production of H_(2).Transition metal(TM)hydroxides are the most conventional and classical non-noble metal-based electrocatalysts for OER,while TM basic salts[M^(2+)(OH)_(2-x)(A_(m^(-))_(x/m),A=CO_(3)^(2−),NO_(3)^(−),F^(−),Cl^(−)]consisting of OH−and another anion have drawn extensive research interest due to its higher catalytic activity in the past decade.In this review,we summarize the recent advances of TM basic salts and their application in OER and further overall water splitting.We categorize TM basic salt-based OER pre-catalysts into four types(CO_(3)^(2−),NO_(3)^(−),F^(−),Cl^(−)according to the anion,which is a key factor for their outstanding performance towards OER.We highlight experimental and theoretical methods for understanding the structure evolution during OER and the effect of anion on catalytic performance.To develop bifunctional TM basic salts as catalyst for the practical electrolysis application,we also review the present strategies for enhancing its hydrogen evolution reaction activity and thereby improving its overall water splitting performance.Finally,we conclude this review with a summary and perspective about the remaining challenges and future opportunities of TM basic salts as catalysts for water electrolysis.展开更多
Today,nanocrystals enclosed by high-index facets(HIFs)are attracting widely attentions of researchers due to their tremendous potential in the field of catalysis,especially in electrocatalysis,such as electro-oxidatio...Today,nanocrystals enclosed by high-index facets(HIFs)are attracting widely attentions of researchers due to their tremendous potential in the field of catalysis,especially in electrocatalysis,such as electro-oxidation of small organic molecule(such as formic acid,methanol,and ethanol),oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),as well as the oxygen evolution reaction(OER).However,the practical applications of nanocrystals enclosed by HIFs still face many limitations in preparations of advanced electrocatalysts,including preparation strategy,limited life-time and stability.The development of advanced electrocatalysts enclosed with HIFs is crucial for solving these problems if the large-scale application of them is to be realized.Herein,we firstly detailedly demonstrate the identification methods of nanocrystals enclosed by HIFs,and then preparation strategies are elaborated in detail in this review.Current advanced nanocrystals enclosed by HIFs in electrocatalytic application are also summarized and we present representative achievements to further reveal the relationship of excellent electrocatalytic performance and nanocrystals with HIFs.Finally,we predict the remaining challenges and present our perspectives with regards of design strategies of improving electrocatalytic performance of Ptbased catalysts in the future.展开更多
The electrochemical conversion of CO2 into value-added chemicals and fuels has attracted wide-spread concern since it realizes the recycling of greenhouse gases. Production of new materials lies at the very core of th...The electrochemical conversion of CO2 into value-added chemicals and fuels has attracted wide-spread concern since it realizes the recycling of greenhouse gases. Production of new materials lies at the very core of this technology as it enables the improvement of developmental efficiency and selectivity by chemical optimization of morphology and electronic structure. Transition metal-based catalysts are particularly appealing as their d bands have valence electrons which are close to the Fermi level and hence overcome the intrinsic activation barriers and reaction kinetics. The study of Mo, Fe, Co, and Ni-based materials in particular is a very recent research subject that offers various possibilities in electrochemical CO2 reduction applications. Herein, we summarize the recent re-search progress of Mo, Fe, Co, and Ni-based catalysts and their catalytic behavior in electrochemical CO〈sub〉2 reduction. We particularly focus on the relationship between structures and properties, with examples of the key features accounting for the high efficiency and selectivity of the CO2 reduction process. The most significant experimental and theoretical improvements are highlighted. Finally, we concisely discuss the scientific challenges and opportunities for transition metal-based catalysts.展开更多
Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide(CO2)reduction(ECR)has become one of the main methods to close the broken carbon cycle and temporarily store renewable energy,but there are still some problems such as poor stability,low...Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide(CO2)reduction(ECR)has become one of the main methods to close the broken carbon cycle and temporarily store renewable energy,but there are still some problems such as poor stability,low activity,and selectivity.While the most promising strategy to improve ECR activity is to develop electrocatalysts with low cost,high activity,and long-term stability.Recently,defective carbon-based nanomaterials have attracted extensive attention due to the unbalanced electron distribution and electronic structural distortion caused by the defects on the carbon materials.Here,the present review mainly summarizes the latest research progress of the construction of the diverse types of defects(intrinsic carbon defects,heteroatom doping defects,metal atomic sites,and edges detects)for carbon materials in ECR,and unveil the structure-activity relationship and its catalytic mechanism.The current challenges and opportunities faced by high-performance carbon materials in ECR are discussed,as well as possible future solutions.It can be believed that this review can provide some inspiration for the future of development of high-performance ECR catalysts.展开更多
Advanced materials for electrocatalytic water splitting applications have been sought-after considering both environmental and economic requirements.However,the traditional materials design concept limits the explorat...Advanced materials for electrocatalytic water splitting applications have been sought-after considering both environmental and economic requirements.However,the traditional materials design concept limits the exploration of high-performance catalysts.The born of a materials design concept based on multiple elements,high-entropy materials,provides a promising path to break the shackles of compositional design in materials science.A number of high-entropy materials were reported to show remarkable properties for electrocatalytic water splitting applications.High-entropy materials were widely confirmed to be one kind of the best electrocatalysts for water splitting applications.Due to the synergy of multiple metal components,they show excellent catalytic activity.Several nontraditional methods were developed and reported to prepare high-performance high-entropy materials.This review article presents the recent progress on high-entropy materials for electrocatalytic water splitting applications.Moreover,it presents the research interests and future prospects in this field.展开更多
Herein,we prepa red novel three-dimensional(3D)gear-s haped Co3O4@C(Co3O4 modified by amorphous carbon)and sheet-like SnO2/CC(SnO2 grow on the carbon cloth)as anode and cathode to achieve efficient removal of 4-nitrop...Herein,we prepa red novel three-dimensional(3D)gear-s haped Co3O4@C(Co3O4 modified by amorphous carbon)and sheet-like SnO2/CC(SnO2 grow on the carbon cloth)as anode and cathode to achieve efficient removal of 4-nitrophenol(4-NP)in the presence of peroxymonosulfate(PMS)and simultaneous electrocatalytic reduction of CO2,respectively.In this process,4-NP was mineralized into CO2 by the Co3O4@C,and the generated CO2 was reduced into HCOOH by the sheet-like SnO2/CC cathode.Compared with the pure Co0.5(Co3O4 was prepared using 0.5 g urea)with PMS(30 mg,0.5 g/L),the degradation efficiency of 4-NP(60 mL,10 mg/L)increased from 74.5%-85.1%in 60 min using the Co0.5 modified by amorphous carbon(Co0.5@C).Furthermore,when the voltage of 1.0 V was added in the anodic system of Co0.5@C with PMS(30 mg,0.5 g/L),the degradation efficiency of 4-NP increased from 85.1%-99.1%when Pt was used as cathode.In the experiments of 4-NP degradation coupled with simultaneous electrocatalytic CO2 reduction,the degradation efficiency of 4-NP was 99.0%in the anodic system of Co0.5@C with addition of PMS(30 mg,0.5 g/L),while the Faraday efficiency(FE)of HCOOH was 24.1%at voltage of-1.3 V using the SnO2/CC as cathode.The results showed that the anode of Co3O4 modified by amorphous carbon can markedly improve the degradation efficiency of 4-NP,while the cathode of SnO2/CC can greatly improve the FE and selectivity of CO2 reduction to HCOOH and the stability of cathode.Finally,the promotion mechanism was proposed to explain the degradation of organic pollutants and reduction of CO2 into HCOOH in the process of electrocatalysis coupled with advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)and simultaneous CO2 reduction.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFA0202801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21671117,21871159,21890383,and 21676018)and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2017M610864).
文摘The development of efficient and cost-effective catalysts to catalyze a wide variety of electrochemical reactions is key to realize the large-scale applicati on of ren ewable and clean en ergy tech no logies.Owing to the maximum atom-utilization efficie ncy and unique electronic and geometric structures,single atom catalysts(SACs)have exhibited superior performance in various catalytic systems.Recently,assembled from the function alized orga nic lin kers and metal no des,metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)with ultrafi ne porosity have received treme ndous attention as precursors or self-sacrificing templates for preparing porous SACs.Here,the recent advances toward the synthesis strategies for using MOF precursors/templates to con struct SACs are systematically summarized with special emphasis on the types of central metal sites.The electrochemical applications of these recently emerged MOF-derived SACs for various energy-conversion processes,such as oxygen reduction/evolution reaction(ORR/OER),hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),and CO2 reduction reaction(CO2RR),are also discussed and reviewed.Fin ally,the curre nt challe nges and prospects regardi ng the developme nt of MOF-derived SACs are proposed.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China (Nos.2017YFA0208200,2016YFB0700600,and 2015CB659300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)(Nos. 21872069,51761135104,and 21573108)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Nos.BK20180008 and BK20150571)High-Level Entrepreneurial and Innovative Talents Program of Jiangsu Provincethe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (No.020514380146).
文摘The ammonia synthesis from nitrogen and water under ambient conditions is one of the most inviting but challenging reaction routes.Although nitrogen is abundant in the atmosphere and the ammonia synthesis reaction is exothermic on the thermodynamics,the conversion of N2 to ammonia is actually hard to proceed owing to the chemical inertness and stability of N2 molecules.In industry,ammonia synthesis is carried out by the Haber-Bosch process under harsh conditions (300-500 ℃,20-30 MPa) associated with the requirement of substantial energy input and the enormous emission of greenhouse gases (e.g.,CO2).Recently,a growing number of studies on photo(electro)catalytic and electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) in aqueous solution have attracted extensive attention,which holds great promise for nitrogen fixation under room temperature and atmospheric pressure.However,the very low efficiency and ambiguous mechanism still remain as the major hurdles for the development of photochemical and electrochemical NRR systems.Here we provide an overview of the latest progresses,remaining challenges and future prospects in photocatalytic and electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation.Moreover,this review offers a helpful guidance for the reasonable design of photocatalysts and electrocatalysts towards NRR by combining theory predictions and experiment results.We hope this review can stimulate more research interests in the relatively understudied but highly promising research field of NRR.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFA0702003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21890383 and 21871159)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Key Project of Guangdong Province of China(No.2020B010188002)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M691834).
文摘Hydrogen production from water splitting using renewable electric energy is an interesting topic towards the carbon neutral future.Single atom catalysts(SACs)have emerged as a new frontier in the field of catalysis such as hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),owing to their intriguing properties like high activity and excellent chemical selectivity.The catalytic active moiety is often comprised of a single metal atom and its neighboring environment from the supports.Recent published reviews about electricdriven HER tend to classify these SACs by the species of active center atom,nevertheless the influence of their neighboring coordinated atoms from the supports is somehow neglected.Thus we classify the SACs for HER through the type of supports,highlighting the electronic metal–support interaction and their coordination environment from support.Then,we put forward some structural designing strategies including regulating of the central atoms,coordination environments,and metal-support interactions.Finally,the current challenges and future research perspectives of SACs for HER are briefly proposed.
基金the financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant nos.21633011, 21603220 and 21872137)Sino-Japanese Research Cooperative Program of Ministry of Science and Technology (2016YFE0118300)Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (No.2018213)
文摘Ammonia is essential for food and energy.Industrial ammonia synthesis via Haber–Bosch process is energy-intensive and releases large amount of CO2.Increasing research efforts are devoted to "green"ammonia synthesis.The present article reviews the recent progress in the fields of thermocatalytic, electrocatalytic, photocatalytic and chemical looping processes for dinitrogen reduction towards ammonia formation and discusses the challenges borne for mild-condition synthesis.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20976197) for its financial support of this project
文摘With high surface area,open porosity and high efficiency,a catalyst was prepared and firstly employed in electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 and electrosynthesis of dimethyl carbonate（DMC）.The electrochemical property for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 in ionic liquid was studied by cyclic voltammogram（CV）.The effects of various reaction variables like temperature,working potential and cathode materials on the electrocatalytic performance were also investigated.80%yield of DMC was obtained under the optimal reaction conditions.
基金the Fund of the Natural Science of Guangxi (0731015)
文摘Praseodymium was selected as a promoter for SnO2/Ti electrode to improve the electrocatalytic performance by electrodeposition in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment; the micrograph and the structure were characterized by SEM and XRD. Mixture uniform design was used in the optimization of the electrolytic conditions; mathematical model was established according to the rate of wiping COD off, which revealed the relationship between the current intensity, time of electrolysis, the amount of doped Pr, and the ratio of area （SnOJTi：Al）. On the basis of the analysis of the empirical model, the optimized parameters had been obtained; the rate of wiping COD off was up to 94.9%, it decreased from 392 to 20 mg/L. Experimental results showed that the electrocatalytic performance of the electrode doped with Pr was superior for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater.
基金supported by the financial support from Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21871065,22209129 and 22071038)High-Level Innovation and Entrepreneurship(QCYRCXM-2022-123)+1 种基金support from the“Young Talent Support Plan”of Xi’an Jiaotong University(HG6J024)“Young Talent Lift Plan”of Xi’an city(095920221352).
文摘Electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)has been recognized as the bottleneck of overall water splitting,which is a promising approach for sustainable production of H_(2).Transition metal(TM)hydroxides are the most conventional and classical non-noble metal-based electrocatalysts for OER,while TM basic salts[M^(2+)(OH)_(2-x)(A_(m^(-))_(x/m),A=CO_(3)^(2−),NO_(3)^(−),F^(−),Cl^(−)]consisting of OH−and another anion have drawn extensive research interest due to its higher catalytic activity in the past decade.In this review,we summarize the recent advances of TM basic salts and their application in OER and further overall water splitting.We categorize TM basic salt-based OER pre-catalysts into four types(CO_(3)^(2−),NO_(3)^(−),F^(−),Cl^(−)according to the anion,which is a key factor for their outstanding performance towards OER.We highlight experimental and theoretical methods for understanding the structure evolution during OER and the effect of anion on catalytic performance.To develop bifunctional TM basic salts as catalyst for the practical electrolysis application,we also review the present strategies for enhancing its hydrogen evolution reaction activity and thereby improving its overall water splitting performance.Finally,we conclude this review with a summary and perspective about the remaining challenges and future opportunities of TM basic salts as catalysts for water electrolysis.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22008135)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M670345)。
文摘Today,nanocrystals enclosed by high-index facets(HIFs)are attracting widely attentions of researchers due to their tremendous potential in the field of catalysis,especially in electrocatalysis,such as electro-oxidation of small organic molecule(such as formic acid,methanol,and ethanol),oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),as well as the oxygen evolution reaction(OER).However,the practical applications of nanocrystals enclosed by HIFs still face many limitations in preparations of advanced electrocatalysts,including preparation strategy,limited life-time and stability.The development of advanced electrocatalysts enclosed with HIFs is crucial for solving these problems if the large-scale application of them is to be realized.Herein,we firstly detailedly demonstrate the identification methods of nanocrystals enclosed by HIFs,and then preparation strategies are elaborated in detail in this review.Current advanced nanocrystals enclosed by HIFs in electrocatalytic application are also summarized and we present representative achievements to further reveal the relationship of excellent electrocatalytic performance and nanocrystals with HIFs.Finally,we predict the remaining challenges and present our perspectives with regards of design strategies of improving electrocatalytic performance of Ptbased catalysts in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21477050, 21522603, 21706101)the Henry Fok Education Foundation (141068)+2 种基金Six Talents Peak Project in Jiangsu Province (XCL-025)the Chinese-German Cooperation Research Project (GZ1091)the China Postdoctoral Foundation (2017M611731)~~
文摘The electrochemical conversion of CO2 into value-added chemicals and fuels has attracted wide-spread concern since it realizes the recycling of greenhouse gases. Production of new materials lies at the very core of this technology as it enables the improvement of developmental efficiency and selectivity by chemical optimization of morphology and electronic structure. Transition metal-based catalysts are particularly appealing as their d bands have valence electrons which are close to the Fermi level and hence overcome the intrinsic activation barriers and reaction kinetics. The study of Mo, Fe, Co, and Ni-based materials in particular is a very recent research subject that offers various possibilities in electrochemical CO2 reduction applications. Herein, we summarize the recent re-search progress of Mo, Fe, Co, and Ni-based catalysts and their catalytic behavior in electrochemical CO〈sub〉2 reduction. We particularly focus on the relationship between structures and properties, with examples of the key features accounting for the high efficiency and selectivity of the CO2 reduction process. The most significant experimental and theoretical improvements are highlighted. Finally, we concisely discuss the scientific challenges and opportunities for transition metal-based catalysts.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21875221,21571157,U1604123,and 21773016)the Youth Talent Support Program of High-Level Talents Special Support Plan in Henan Province(ZYQR201810148)+1 种基金Creative talents in the Education Department of Henan Province(19HASTIT039)the project supported by State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing(Wuhan University of Technology)(2019-KF-13).
文摘Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide(CO2)reduction(ECR)has become one of the main methods to close the broken carbon cycle and temporarily store renewable energy,but there are still some problems such as poor stability,low activity,and selectivity.While the most promising strategy to improve ECR activity is to develop electrocatalysts with low cost,high activity,and long-term stability.Recently,defective carbon-based nanomaterials have attracted extensive attention due to the unbalanced electron distribution and electronic structural distortion caused by the defects on the carbon materials.Here,the present review mainly summarizes the latest research progress of the construction of the diverse types of defects(intrinsic carbon defects,heteroatom doping defects,metal atomic sites,and edges detects)for carbon materials in ECR,and unveil the structure-activity relationship and its catalytic mechanism.The current challenges and opportunities faced by high-performance carbon materials in ECR are discussed,as well as possible future solutions.It can be believed that this review can provide some inspiration for the future of development of high-performance ECR catalysts.
基金supported by the 333 Projects of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BRA2018045)the Industry-University Research Cooperation Project of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BY2018194)+1 种基金Metasequoia Faculty Research Funding of Nanjing Forestry University(Grant No.163040160)support provided by the Australian Research Council Discovery Projects
文摘Advanced materials for electrocatalytic water splitting applications have been sought-after considering both environmental and economic requirements.However,the traditional materials design concept limits the exploration of high-performance catalysts.The born of a materials design concept based on multiple elements,high-entropy materials,provides a promising path to break the shackles of compositional design in materials science.A number of high-entropy materials were reported to show remarkable properties for electrocatalytic water splitting applications.High-entropy materials were widely confirmed to be one kind of the best electrocatalysts for water splitting applications.Due to the synergy of multiple metal components,they show excellent catalytic activity.Several nontraditional methods were developed and reported to prepare high-performance high-entropy materials.This review article presents the recent progress on high-entropy materials for electrocatalytic water splitting applications.Moreover,it presents the research interests and future prospects in this field.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51878325,51868050,51622806,51378246 and 51720105001)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(Nos.20162BCB22017,20165BCB18008,20171ACB20017,20133ACB21001 and 20171BAB206049)the Graduate Innovation Fund of Jiangxi Province(No.YC2018-S360)。
文摘Herein,we prepa red novel three-dimensional(3D)gear-s haped Co3O4@C(Co3O4 modified by amorphous carbon)and sheet-like SnO2/CC(SnO2 grow on the carbon cloth)as anode and cathode to achieve efficient removal of 4-nitrophenol(4-NP)in the presence of peroxymonosulfate(PMS)and simultaneous electrocatalytic reduction of CO2,respectively.In this process,4-NP was mineralized into CO2 by the Co3O4@C,and the generated CO2 was reduced into HCOOH by the sheet-like SnO2/CC cathode.Compared with the pure Co0.5(Co3O4 was prepared using 0.5 g urea)with PMS(30 mg,0.5 g/L),the degradation efficiency of 4-NP(60 mL,10 mg/L)increased from 74.5%-85.1%in 60 min using the Co0.5 modified by amorphous carbon(Co0.5@C).Furthermore,when the voltage of 1.0 V was added in the anodic system of Co0.5@C with PMS(30 mg,0.5 g/L),the degradation efficiency of 4-NP increased from 85.1%-99.1%when Pt was used as cathode.In the experiments of 4-NP degradation coupled with simultaneous electrocatalytic CO2 reduction,the degradation efficiency of 4-NP was 99.0%in the anodic system of Co0.5@C with addition of PMS(30 mg,0.5 g/L),while the Faraday efficiency(FE)of HCOOH was 24.1%at voltage of-1.3 V using the SnO2/CC as cathode.The results showed that the anode of Co3O4 modified by amorphous carbon can markedly improve the degradation efficiency of 4-NP,while the cathode of SnO2/CC can greatly improve the FE and selectivity of CO2 reduction to HCOOH and the stability of cathode.Finally,the promotion mechanism was proposed to explain the degradation of organic pollutants and reduction of CO2 into HCOOH in the process of electrocatalysis coupled with advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)and simultaneous CO2 reduction.
