Recently, Palestine has been willing to improve its energy efficiency action plan and policies. As the Electrical demand for energy is increasing in Palestine, improving energy efficiency can be considered as an effic...Recently, Palestine has been willing to improve its energy efficiency action plan and policies. As the Electrical demand for energy is increasing in Palestine, improving energy efficiency can be considered as an efficient way to achieve reductions in energy consumptions. In this respect, energy efficiency action plan and its strategies must be designed to overcome existing market barriers against using energy efficient appliances in residential and commercial sectors in Palestine. This study provides background on the benefits of stakeholders and steps needed to support energy efficiency standards and labeling in Palestine. Furthermore, this study attempts to predict the techno-economic impact of implementing high efficient electrical appliances in Palestine. Survey-based analyses from 300 households were conducted in 2019 to estimate residential sector electrical appliances usage, behavior and their knowledge in electrical appliances labels and standards, the study aims also to estimate the perception and willingness of Palestinian householders to shift towards more energy efficient choices. The study will focus on 8 electrical appliances that constitute a major share of the electricity used within households and commercial sectors in Palestinian market.展开更多
Noise characteristics of an indoor power line network strongly influence the link capability to achieve high data rates. The appliances shared with PLC modems in the same powerline network generate different types of ...Noise characteristics of an indoor power line network strongly influence the link capability to achieve high data rates. The appliances shared with PLC modems in the same powerline network generate different types of noises, among them the impulsive noises are the main source of interference resulting in signal distortions and bit errors during data transmission. With regard to impulsive noise many models were proposed in the literature and shared the same impulsive noise definition: “unpredictable noises measured in the receiver side”. Authors are, consequently, confronted to model thousands of impulsive noises whose plurality would very likely come from the diversity of paths that the original impulsive noise took. In this paper, an innovative modelling approach is applied to impulsive noises which are studied here directly at their sources. Noise at receiver would be simply the noise model at source convolved by powerline channel block. In the new analytical model, the impulsive noise at source is described by a succession of short pulses, each modeled by a phase-shifted Gaussian. Noises at source are classified into 6 different classes [1], and a noise generator is established for each class.展开更多
文摘Recently, Palestine has been willing to improve its energy efficiency action plan and policies. As the Electrical demand for energy is increasing in Palestine, improving energy efficiency can be considered as an efficient way to achieve reductions in energy consumptions. In this respect, energy efficiency action plan and its strategies must be designed to overcome existing market barriers against using energy efficient appliances in residential and commercial sectors in Palestine. This study provides background on the benefits of stakeholders and steps needed to support energy efficiency standards and labeling in Palestine. Furthermore, this study attempts to predict the techno-economic impact of implementing high efficient electrical appliances in Palestine. Survey-based analyses from 300 households were conducted in 2019 to estimate residential sector electrical appliances usage, behavior and their knowledge in electrical appliances labels and standards, the study aims also to estimate the perception and willingness of Palestinian householders to shift towards more energy efficient choices. The study will focus on 8 electrical appliances that constitute a major share of the electricity used within households and commercial sectors in Palestinian market.
文摘Noise characteristics of an indoor power line network strongly influence the link capability to achieve high data rates. The appliances shared with PLC modems in the same powerline network generate different types of noises, among them the impulsive noises are the main source of interference resulting in signal distortions and bit errors during data transmission. With regard to impulsive noise many models were proposed in the literature and shared the same impulsive noise definition: “unpredictable noises measured in the receiver side”. Authors are, consequently, confronted to model thousands of impulsive noises whose plurality would very likely come from the diversity of paths that the original impulsive noise took. In this paper, an innovative modelling approach is applied to impulsive noises which are studied here directly at their sources. Noise at receiver would be simply the noise model at source convolved by powerline channel block. In the new analytical model, the impulsive noise at source is described by a succession of short pulses, each modeled by a phase-shifted Gaussian. Noises at source are classified into 6 different classes [1], and a noise generator is established for each class.
