Compared with the stock-land exploitation of developed regions in eastern China,the development path in the western regions still relies on land expansion.Among them,Shaanxi stands out as an early-developing region wi...Compared with the stock-land exploitation of developed regions in eastern China,the development path in the western regions still relies on land expansion.Among them,Shaanxi stands out as an early-developing region with the highest comprehensive social and economic development level in the west,presenting a more significant and typical phenomenon of urban expansion.This paper utilizes remote sensing image data and socio-economic statistical data,employing mathematical and statistical analysis methods to examine the types and patterns of urban spatial expansion in Shaanxi over multiple years.It also summarizes the laws of expansion and subsequently delves into the driving factors of the spatial expansion.The result shows that the important driving factors of urban expansion in Shaanxi include natural geographical conditions,the economic development basis,the development of new towns and new areas,the drive of large-scale projects,and the guidance of urban and rural planning.The differences in driving factors between the east and west can be explained by the stages of regional development and the effects of administrative boundaries.This research aims to provide localized insights into the rational regulation of urban spatial evolution and efficient land use in similar regions and late-developing regions inwestern China.展开更多
To review the present status of breast cancer(BC) screening/early detection in low- and middle-income countries(LMICs) and identify the way forward, an open focused search for articles was undertaken in Pub Med, Googl...To review the present status of breast cancer(BC) screening/early detection in low- and middle-income countries(LMICs) and identify the way forward, an open focused search for articles was undertaken in Pub Med, Google Scholar and Google, and using a snowball technique, further articles were obtained from the reference list of initial search results. In addition, a query was put up on Research Gate to obtain more references and find out the general opinion of experts on the topic. Experts were also personally contacted for their opinion. Breast cancer(BC) is the most common cancer in women in the world. The rise in incidence is highest in LMICs where the incidence has often been much lower than high-income countries. In spite of more women dying of cancer than pregnancy or childbirth related causes in LMICs, most of the focus and resources are devoted to maternal health. Also, the majority of women in LMICs present at late stages to a hospital to initiate treatment. A number of trials have been conducted in various LMICs regarding the use of clinical breast examination and mammography in various combinations to understand the best ways of implementing a population level screening/early detection of BC; nevertheless, more research in this area is badly needed for different LMIC specific contexts. No-tably, very few LMICs have national level programs for BC prevention via screening/early detection and even stage reduction is not on the public health agenda. This is in addition to other barriers such as lack of awareness among women regarding BC and the presence of stigma, inappropriate attitudes and lack of following proper screening behavior, such as conducting breast self-examinations. The above is mixed with the apathy and lack of awareness of policy makers regarding the fact that BC prevention is much more cost-effective and humane than BC treatment. Implementation of population level programs for screening/early detection of BC, along with use of ways to improve awareness of women regarding BC, can prove criti展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52008336 and No.52008335).
文摘Compared with the stock-land exploitation of developed regions in eastern China,the development path in the western regions still relies on land expansion.Among them,Shaanxi stands out as an early-developing region with the highest comprehensive social and economic development level in the west,presenting a more significant and typical phenomenon of urban expansion.This paper utilizes remote sensing image data and socio-economic statistical data,employing mathematical and statistical analysis methods to examine the types and patterns of urban spatial expansion in Shaanxi over multiple years.It also summarizes the laws of expansion and subsequently delves into the driving factors of the spatial expansion.The result shows that the important driving factors of urban expansion in Shaanxi include natural geographical conditions,the economic development basis,the development of new towns and new areas,the drive of large-scale projects,and the guidance of urban and rural planning.The differences in driving factors between the east and west can be explained by the stages of regional development and the effects of administrative boundaries.This research aims to provide localized insights into the rational regulation of urban spatial evolution and efficient land use in similar regions and late-developing regions inwestern China.
文摘To review the present status of breast cancer(BC) screening/early detection in low- and middle-income countries(LMICs) and identify the way forward, an open focused search for articles was undertaken in Pub Med, Google Scholar and Google, and using a snowball technique, further articles were obtained from the reference list of initial search results. In addition, a query was put up on Research Gate to obtain more references and find out the general opinion of experts on the topic. Experts were also personally contacted for their opinion. Breast cancer(BC) is the most common cancer in women in the world. The rise in incidence is highest in LMICs where the incidence has often been much lower than high-income countries. In spite of more women dying of cancer than pregnancy or childbirth related causes in LMICs, most of the focus and resources are devoted to maternal health. Also, the majority of women in LMICs present at late stages to a hospital to initiate treatment. A number of trials have been conducted in various LMICs regarding the use of clinical breast examination and mammography in various combinations to understand the best ways of implementing a population level screening/early detection of BC; nevertheless, more research in this area is badly needed for different LMIC specific contexts. No-tably, very few LMICs have national level programs for BC prevention via screening/early detection and even stage reduction is not on the public health agenda. This is in addition to other barriers such as lack of awareness among women regarding BC and the presence of stigma, inappropriate attitudes and lack of following proper screening behavior, such as conducting breast self-examinations. The above is mixed with the apathy and lack of awareness of policy makers regarding the fact that BC prevention is much more cost-effective and humane than BC treatment. Implementation of population level programs for screening/early detection of BC, along with use of ways to improve awareness of women regarding BC, can prove criti
