启动子是基因表达调控的重要顺式元件,其结构与功能的研究是分子生物学的研究热点之一。对启动子与DNA结合蛋白的研究能从转录水平上阐明基因表达的调控机制,从而为更好地构建基因表达调控网络奠定基础,而且启动子与结合蛋白的研究能够...启动子是基因表达调控的重要顺式元件,其结构与功能的研究是分子生物学的研究热点之一。对启动子与DNA结合蛋白的研究能从转录水平上阐明基因表达的调控机制,从而为更好地构建基因表达调控网络奠定基础,而且启动子与结合蛋白的研究能够帮助我们寻找新的蛋白质。近年来,启动子的研究方法日益增多,大多是借助于DNA和蛋白质相互作用的特性。本文从原核和真核启动子的基本结构、分类入手,对常用的和改进的几种启动子分析方法进行介绍。如生物信息学分析方法、酵母单杂交(Y1H)技术、瞬时转染法(Transient Transfection)、染色质免疫共沉淀(Ch IP)技术、凝胶阻滞分析(EMSA)试验和DNA足纹(DNase I footprinting)分析法等,从原理、优缺点和最新应用等方面的研究进展进行了综述。对近年来出现的新技术新方法的应用前景作了展望,为启动子的结构与功能研究提供借鉴。展开更多
Sugar signaling is a mechanism that plants use to integrate various internal and external cues to achieve nutrient homeostasis, mediate developmental programs, and articulate stress responses. Many bZlP transcription ...Sugar signaling is a mechanism that plants use to integrate various internal and external cues to achieve nutrient homeostasis, mediate developmental programs, and articulate stress responses. Many bZlP transcription factors are known to be involved in nutrient and/or stress signaling. An Arabidopsis Sl-group bZlP gene, AtbZIP1, was identified as a sugar-sensitive gene in a previous gene expression profiling study （Plant Cell. 16, 2128-2150）. In this report, we show that the expression of AtbZIP1 is repressed by sugars in a fast, sensitive, and reversible way. The sugar repression of Atb- ZIP1 is affected by a conserved sugar signaling component, hexokinase. Besides being a sugar-regulated gene, AtbZIP1 can mediate sugar signaling and affect gene expression, plant growth, and development. When carbon nutrients are limited, gain or loss of function of AtbZlP1 causes changes in the rates of early seedling establishment. Results of phenotypic analyses indicate that AtbZlP1 acts as a negative regulator of early seedling growth. Using gain- and loss-of-function plants in a microarray analysis, two sets of putative AtbZIP1-regulated genes have been identified. Among them, sugar-responsive genes are highly over-represented, implicating a role of AtbZlP1 in sugar-mediated gene expression. Using yeast two-hybrid （Y-2-H） screens and bimolecular fluorescence complementation （BiFC） analyses, we are able to recapitulate extensive C/S1 AtbZlP protein interacting network in living cells. Finally, we show that AtbZIP1 can bind ACGT-based motifs in vitro and that the binding characteristics appear to be affected by the heterodimerization between AtbZlP1 and the C-group AtbZIPs, including AtbZlP10 and AtbZlP63.展开更多
AIM: To explore the expression effect of mutated IκBα transfection on multidrug resistance gene (MDR-1) in hilar cholangiocarcinoma cells by inhibiting the activity of nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB). METH...AIM: To explore the expression effect of mutated IκBα transfection on multidrug resistance gene (MDR-1) in hilar cholangiocarcinoma cells by inhibiting the activity of nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB). METHODS: We used the mutated IicBa plasmid to transfect QBC939HCVC+ cells and QBC939 cells, and electrophoretic gel mobility shift assay (EMSA) to detect the binding activity of NF-κB DNA and the effect of the transfrecting mutated IκBα plasmid on multidrug resistance gene (MDR-1) in hilar cholangiocarcinoma cells and its expression protein (P-GP). RESULTS: Plasmid DNA was digested by restriction enzymes Xbal and Hand III, and its product after electrophoresis showed two bands with a big difference in molecular weight, with a size of 4.9 kb and 1.55 kb respectively, which indicated that the carrier was successfully constructed and digested with enzymes. The radioactivity accumulation of QBC939HCVC+ and QBC939 cells transfected with mutated IκBα plasmid was significantly lower than that of the control group not transfected with mutated IκBα plasmid. Double densimeter scanning showed that the relative signal density between the tansfection group and non-transfection group was significantly different, which proved that the mutated IκBα plasmid could inhibit the binding activity of NF-KB DNA in hilar cholangiocarcinoma cells. Compared to control group not transfected with m IκBα plasmid, the expression level of MDR-1mRNA in the QBC939 and QBC939HCVC+ cells transfected with mutated IκBα plasmid was lower. The expression intensity of P-GP protein in QBC939 and QBC939HCVC+ cells transfected with mutated IκBα was significantly lower than that of the control group not transfected with mutated IκBα plasmid. CONCLUSION: The mutated IκBα plasmid transfection can markedly reverse the multidrug resistance of hilar cholangiocarcinoma cells. Interruption of NF-κB activity may become a new target in gene therapy for hilar cholangiocar-cinogenesic carcinoma.展开更多
转脂蛋白(Lipid transfer protein,LTP)广泛参与植物的各种生长发育进程及逆境响应,但对其表达调控规律的研究则鲜有报道。首先鉴定了ZmLTP3基因上游启动子的核心序列,进而构建了玉米(Zea mays L.)自交系B73的cDNA表达文库,克隆了ZmLTP...转脂蛋白(Lipid transfer protein,LTP)广泛参与植物的各种生长发育进程及逆境响应,但对其表达调控规律的研究则鲜有报道。首先鉴定了ZmLTP3基因上游启动子的核心序列,进而构建了玉米(Zea mays L.)自交系B73的cDNA表达文库,克隆了ZmLTP3基因上游启动子区域,利用酵母单杂交技术筛选,筛选ZmLTP3基因启动子序列互作蛋白。通过测序和生物信息学分析,共筛选到13个互作蛋白cDNA。其中ZmLSD1具有典型的转录因子特征,属于C4类型锌指蛋白家族成员。EMSA检测结果表明,只有ZmLSD1蛋白可以与来自ZmLTP3基因启动子的DNA探针序列结合。上述结果表明ZmLSD1能与ZmLTP3基因启动子结合,并调控其表达的转录因子。展开更多
【目的】克隆强抗寒性牧草——短芒大麦DREB1(dehydration responsive element binding protein 1)转录因子,分析其生理生化特性,为理想抗逆工程基因的筛选和利用奠定理论基础。【方法】利用RACE-PCR(Rapidamplification of cDNAends-po...【目的】克隆强抗寒性牧草——短芒大麦DREB1(dehydration responsive element binding protein 1)转录因子,分析其生理生化特性,为理想抗逆工程基因的筛选和利用奠定理论基础。【方法】利用RACE-PCR(Rapidamplification of cDNAends-polymerase chain reaction)技术分离短芒大麦DREB1转录因子全长cDNA序列,North-ern杂交和凝胶滞留试验分析其在逆境条件下的表达情况,及其与DRE(dehydration responsive element)元件的结合活性。【结果】从强抗寒性短芒大麦中成功分离了1个新的DREB1类转录因子HbDREB1,该基因全长899 bp,其蛋白序列中含有1个典型的AP2/EREBP DNA结构域及"PKK/RPAGRxKFxETRHP"和"DSAWR"、"LWSY"3个DREB1特征标签序列;序列比对分析表明,HbDREB1与其他植物的DREB1类转录因子的同源性较高。HbDREB1在转录水平上明显受冷胁迫诱导表达,具有结合DRE-顺式作用元件的功能及作为转录因子必备的核定位特性。【结论】HbDREB1基因参与了非生物胁迫信号转导,具有提高植物抗寒性的潜能。展开更多
文摘启动子是基因表达调控的重要顺式元件,其结构与功能的研究是分子生物学的研究热点之一。对启动子与DNA结合蛋白的研究能从转录水平上阐明基因表达的调控机制,从而为更好地构建基因表达调控网络奠定基础,而且启动子与结合蛋白的研究能够帮助我们寻找新的蛋白质。近年来,启动子的研究方法日益增多,大多是借助于DNA和蛋白质相互作用的特性。本文从原核和真核启动子的基本结构、分类入手,对常用的和改进的几种启动子分析方法进行介绍。如生物信息学分析方法、酵母单杂交(Y1H)技术、瞬时转染法(Transient Transfection)、染色质免疫共沉淀(Ch IP)技术、凝胶阻滞分析(EMSA)试验和DNA足纹(DNase I footprinting)分析法等,从原理、优缺点和最新应用等方面的研究进展进行了综述。对近年来出现的新技术新方法的应用前景作了展望,为启动子的结构与功能研究提供借鉴。
基金This work was supported by The National Science Foundation （IOB- 0543751 to J.C.J.）.We thank the Arabidopsis Biological Resource Center （Columbus, Ohio） for providing DNA clones and seeds, Dr Biao Ding formicroscopy facility, Dr Steven St Martin for microarray design and data analysis, Cyrus Hah for protoplast transient expression analysis, Drs John Finer and Michelle Jones for critical reading of the manuscript, and Joe Takayama for greenhouse support. No conflict of interest declared.
文摘Sugar signaling is a mechanism that plants use to integrate various internal and external cues to achieve nutrient homeostasis, mediate developmental programs, and articulate stress responses. Many bZlP transcription factors are known to be involved in nutrient and/or stress signaling. An Arabidopsis Sl-group bZlP gene, AtbZIP1, was identified as a sugar-sensitive gene in a previous gene expression profiling study （Plant Cell. 16, 2128-2150）. In this report, we show that the expression of AtbZIP1 is repressed by sugars in a fast, sensitive, and reversible way. The sugar repression of Atb- ZIP1 is affected by a conserved sugar signaling component, hexokinase. Besides being a sugar-regulated gene, AtbZIP1 can mediate sugar signaling and affect gene expression, plant growth, and development. When carbon nutrients are limited, gain or loss of function of AtbZlP1 causes changes in the rates of early seedling establishment. Results of phenotypic analyses indicate that AtbZlP1 acts as a negative regulator of early seedling growth. Using gain- and loss-of-function plants in a microarray analysis, two sets of putative AtbZIP1-regulated genes have been identified. Among them, sugar-responsive genes are highly over-represented, implicating a role of AtbZlP1 in sugar-mediated gene expression. Using yeast two-hybrid （Y-2-H） screens and bimolecular fluorescence complementation （BiFC） analyses, we are able to recapitulate extensive C/S1 AtbZlP protein interacting network in living cells. Finally, we show that AtbZIP1 can bind ACGT-based motifs in vitro and that the binding characteristics appear to be affected by the heterodimerization between AtbZlP1 and the C-group AtbZIPs, including AtbZlP10 and AtbZlP63.
基金Supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation ,No. 2002031291
文摘AIM: To explore the expression effect of mutated IκBα transfection on multidrug resistance gene (MDR-1) in hilar cholangiocarcinoma cells by inhibiting the activity of nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB). METHODS: We used the mutated IicBa plasmid to transfect QBC939HCVC+ cells and QBC939 cells, and electrophoretic gel mobility shift assay (EMSA) to detect the binding activity of NF-κB DNA and the effect of the transfrecting mutated IκBα plasmid on multidrug resistance gene (MDR-1) in hilar cholangiocarcinoma cells and its expression protein (P-GP). RESULTS: Plasmid DNA was digested by restriction enzymes Xbal and Hand III, and its product after electrophoresis showed two bands with a big difference in molecular weight, with a size of 4.9 kb and 1.55 kb respectively, which indicated that the carrier was successfully constructed and digested with enzymes. The radioactivity accumulation of QBC939HCVC+ and QBC939 cells transfected with mutated IκBα plasmid was significantly lower than that of the control group not transfected with mutated IκBα plasmid. Double densimeter scanning showed that the relative signal density between the tansfection group and non-transfection group was significantly different, which proved that the mutated IκBα plasmid could inhibit the binding activity of NF-KB DNA in hilar cholangiocarcinoma cells. Compared to control group not transfected with m IκBα plasmid, the expression level of MDR-1mRNA in the QBC939 and QBC939HCVC+ cells transfected with mutated IκBα plasmid was lower. The expression intensity of P-GP protein in QBC939 and QBC939HCVC+ cells transfected with mutated IκBα was significantly lower than that of the control group not transfected with mutated IκBα plasmid. CONCLUSION: The mutated IκBα plasmid transfection can markedly reverse the multidrug resistance of hilar cholangiocarcinoma cells. Interruption of NF-κB activity may become a new target in gene therapy for hilar cholangiocar-cinogenesic carcinoma.
文摘转脂蛋白(Lipid transfer protein,LTP)广泛参与植物的各种生长发育进程及逆境响应,但对其表达调控规律的研究则鲜有报道。首先鉴定了ZmLTP3基因上游启动子的核心序列,进而构建了玉米(Zea mays L.)自交系B73的cDNA表达文库,克隆了ZmLTP3基因上游启动子区域,利用酵母单杂交技术筛选,筛选ZmLTP3基因启动子序列互作蛋白。通过测序和生物信息学分析,共筛选到13个互作蛋白cDNA。其中ZmLSD1具有典型的转录因子特征,属于C4类型锌指蛋白家族成员。EMSA检测结果表明,只有ZmLSD1蛋白可以与来自ZmLTP3基因启动子的DNA探针序列结合。上述结果表明ZmLSD1能与ZmLTP3基因启动子结合,并调控其表达的转录因子。
文摘【目的】克隆强抗寒性牧草——短芒大麦DREB1(dehydration responsive element binding protein 1)转录因子,分析其生理生化特性,为理想抗逆工程基因的筛选和利用奠定理论基础。【方法】利用RACE-PCR(Rapidamplification of cDNAends-polymerase chain reaction)技术分离短芒大麦DREB1转录因子全长cDNA序列,North-ern杂交和凝胶滞留试验分析其在逆境条件下的表达情况,及其与DRE(dehydration responsive element)元件的结合活性。【结果】从强抗寒性短芒大麦中成功分离了1个新的DREB1类转录因子HbDREB1,该基因全长899 bp,其蛋白序列中含有1个典型的AP2/EREBP DNA结构域及"PKK/RPAGRxKFxETRHP"和"DSAWR"、"LWSY"3个DREB1特征标签序列;序列比对分析表明,HbDREB1与其他植物的DREB1类转录因子的同源性较高。HbDREB1在转录水平上明显受冷胁迫诱导表达,具有结合DRE-顺式作用元件的功能及作为转录因子必备的核定位特性。【结论】HbDREB1基因参与了非生物胁迫信号转导,具有提高植物抗寒性的潜能。
