水源涵养是生态系统的重要服务功能之一。识别水源涵养重要区对于制定水源保护规划,落实陆域-水域综合保护,防治水体污染,保障区域用水安全具有重要意义。以2008年四川都江堰市为研究范围,采用生态系统服务功能综合权衡工具-Integrated ...水源涵养是生态系统的重要服务功能之一。识别水源涵养重要区对于制定水源保护规划,落实陆域-水域综合保护,防治水体污染,保障区域用水安全具有重要意义。以2008年四川都江堰市为研究范围,采用生态系统服务功能综合权衡工具-Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)中的水源涵养模型对县域生态系统的水源涵养功能进行了空间制图,然后采用综合指数法将水源涵养功能与植被减洪能力和水源地保护区进行叠加计算水源涵养重要性指数。结果表明:尽管汶川地震导致都江堰市域部分地区水源涵养功能降低,但都江堰市水源涵养功能整体仍然较高,部分地区多年平均水源涵养量超过200mm/a。都江堰市的水源涵养极重要区面积为421km2,占全市总面积的34.9%,远大于目前县域的水源保护区面积,未来应进一步加强对这些极重要区的保护,以保证本市以及成都平原的供水安全。水域涵养功能及其重要性都存在较明显的空间分异,大致呈现由西北向东南减少的趋势,水源涵养重要性与水源功能的分布密切相关,但又不完全一致。因此,在县域尺度上采用服务功能空间化评估结果进行重要性评价能够比较精细地反映生态系统水源涵养重要性的空间差异。但该方法还需要将人类用水需求进行空间表达,与本文的方法进行结合,以更准确反映水源涵养重要性的空间分异。展开更多
A field damage survey of 1,005 buildings damaged by the Wenchuan Earthquake in Dujiangyan City was carried out and the resulting data was analyzed using the statistical method. It is shown that buildings that were sei...A field damage survey of 1,005 buildings damaged by the Wenchuan Earthquake in Dujiangyan City was carried out and the resulting data was analyzed using the statistical method. It is shown that buildings that were seismically designed achieved the desired seismic fortification target; they sustained less damage than the non-seismically designed buildings. Among the seismically designed buildings investigated, RC frame buildings performed the best in terms of seismic resistance. Masonry buildings with a ground story of RC frame structure were the second best, and masonry buildings performed the worst. Considering building height, multistory buildings sustained more severe damage than high-rise buildings and 2- and 3-story buildings. Compared to residential buildings, public buildings, such as schools and hospitals, suffered more severe damage.展开更多
文摘水源涵养是生态系统的重要服务功能之一。识别水源涵养重要区对于制定水源保护规划,落实陆域-水域综合保护,防治水体污染,保障区域用水安全具有重要意义。以2008年四川都江堰市为研究范围,采用生态系统服务功能综合权衡工具-Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)中的水源涵养模型对县域生态系统的水源涵养功能进行了空间制图,然后采用综合指数法将水源涵养功能与植被减洪能力和水源地保护区进行叠加计算水源涵养重要性指数。结果表明:尽管汶川地震导致都江堰市域部分地区水源涵养功能降低,但都江堰市水源涵养功能整体仍然较高,部分地区多年平均水源涵养量超过200mm/a。都江堰市的水源涵养极重要区面积为421km2,占全市总面积的34.9%,远大于目前县域的水源保护区面积,未来应进一步加强对这些极重要区的保护,以保证本市以及成都平原的供水安全。水域涵养功能及其重要性都存在较明显的空间分异,大致呈现由西北向东南减少的趋势,水源涵养重要性与水源功能的分布密切相关,但又不完全一致。因此,在县域尺度上采用服务功能空间化评估结果进行重要性评价能够比较精细地反映生态系统水源涵养重要性的空间差异。但该方法还需要将人类用水需求进行空间表达,与本文的方法进行结合,以更准确反映水源涵养重要性的空间分异。
文摘A field damage survey of 1,005 buildings damaged by the Wenchuan Earthquake in Dujiangyan City was carried out and the resulting data was analyzed using the statistical method. It is shown that buildings that were seismically designed achieved the desired seismic fortification target; they sustained less damage than the non-seismically designed buildings. Among the seismically designed buildings investigated, RC frame buildings performed the best in terms of seismic resistance. Masonry buildings with a ground story of RC frame structure were the second best, and masonry buildings performed the worst. Considering building height, multistory buildings sustained more severe damage than high-rise buildings and 2- and 3-story buildings. Compared to residential buildings, public buildings, such as schools and hospitals, suffered more severe damage.
