[目的]研究热风-真空冷冻联合干燥对脆性龙眼果干品质及益生活性的影响,为高品质龙眼果干工业化节能干燥模式提供理论依据.[方法]以热风干燥、真空冷冻干燥龙眼果干为对照,比较分析热风-真空冷冻联合干燥对脆性龙眼果干水分含量、水分...[目的]研究热风-真空冷冻联合干燥对脆性龙眼果干品质及益生活性的影响,为高品质龙眼果干工业化节能干燥模式提供理论依据.[方法]以热风干燥、真空冷冻干燥龙眼果干为对照,比较分析热风-真空冷冻联合干燥对脆性龙眼果干水分含量、水分活度、皱缩率、复水比等理化特性和总糖、多糖等营养品质的影响.同时采用GC-MS测定风味物质变化,电量表测定能源消耗量.并选用植物乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌发酵龙眼果干,比较发酵过程中活菌数、总糖、还原糖以及短链脂肪酸的变化,评价热风-真空冷冻联合干燥对龙眼体外益生活性的影响.[结果]热风-真空冷冻联合干燥龙眼果干的水分含量、水分活度和皱缩率显著低于热风干燥,而复水比显著高于热风干燥.在总糖、多糖含量以及挥发性风味物质种类和总量上,热风-真空冷冻联合干燥低于真空冷冻干燥而高于热风干燥.在能源消耗上,热风-真空冷冻联合干燥比真空冷冻干燥节约干燥时间12.16%,节约单位能耗25.40%.在益生活性方面,植物乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌均能通过发酵龙眼干增加活菌数量,利用龙眼干中的总糖产生短链脂肪酸,降低发酵液pH,且益生效果受干燥方式和菌株种类的影响较大.当植物乳杆菌发酵热风-真空冷冻干燥的龙眼果干48 h后,活菌数生长最多可达12.40 lg cfu/mL,高于真空冷冻干燥、热风干燥和新鲜龙眼.嗜酸乳杆菌发酵48 h后,热风-真空冷冻联合干燥活菌数达11.84 lg cfu/mL,与真空冷冻干燥接近,低于热风干燥,但高于新鲜龙眼.[结论]热风-真空冷冻联合干燥结合了热风干燥和真空冷冻干燥两种干燥方式的特点,可以显著缩短干燥时间,节约能耗,提高干燥效率和果干品质.展开更多
【目的】比较不同荔枝品种果干主要挥发性物质种类及其含量的差异。【方法】选择22个华南地区的主栽荔枝品种,整果经热风干制后,采用固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用(SPME/GC/MS)技术对荔枝果干挥发性物质进行定性和定量检测,分别对果干...【目的】比较不同荔枝品种果干主要挥发性物质种类及其含量的差异。【方法】选择22个华南地区的主栽荔枝品种,整果经热风干制后,采用固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用(SPME/GC/MS)技术对荔枝果干挥发性物质进行定性和定量检测,分别对果干中的挥发性物质进行主成分分析、对不同荔枝品种果干进行聚类分析。【结果】从22个荔枝品种果干中共检测出105种挥发性物质,其中12种物质为22个品种所共有;挥发性物质总含量变幅为1 244.19—12 965.10μg/100 g DW,变异系数达60.41%,其中烃类、醇类、醛类、酮类、酯类占挥发性物质总量的比例分别为67.05%、17.65%、7.79%、1.30%、1.18%。主成分分析结果表明,荔枝果干主要挥发性物质为乙醇、乙酸、3-羟基-2-丁酮、2,3-丁二醇、糠醛、D-柠檬烯、苯甲醇、可巴烯、丁香烯和荜澄茄烯。22个品种的荔枝果干经过聚类分析可以聚为3类,各类荔枝果干的挥发性物质均有其显著特征。【结论】荔枝果干主要挥发性物质由烃类、醇类、醛类、酮类和酯类组成,其主要成分为乙醇、乙酸、3-羟基-2-丁酮、2,3-丁二醇、糠醛、D-柠檬烯、苯甲醇、可巴烯、丁香烯和荜澄茄烯;不同荔枝品种果干的挥发性物质种类和含量存在显著差异。展开更多
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is among the most important mycotoxins, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies it as possibly carcinogenic to humans (group 2B). A total of 121 samples of dried fruits...Ochratoxin A (OTA) is among the most important mycotoxins, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies it as possibly carcinogenic to humans (group 2B). A total of 121 samples of dried fruits from the central zone of Iran were analyzed for OTA by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The recovery percentages of OTA in spiked dried fruit samples at concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 ng/g were found to be 84.9%, 89.3% and 90.4% as mean, respectively. OTA was found in 20.7% of the analyzed samples by average concentration of 6.7 ± 3.9 ng/g. The incidence rates of OTA contamination in dried fig, raising, apricots, and date samples were 10.4%, 44.7%, 6.7% and 10.0%, respectively. The concentrations of OTA in 7.9% of contaminated dried raising samples and 2.1% of dried fig samples were higher than maximum tolerance limit accepted by European Union (10 ng/g). This value reflects that the analyzed samples have a minimal contribution to toxicological risk. To our best knowledge, the present study is the first report of the presence of OTA by ELISA in dried fruit samples in Iran.展开更多
文摘[目的]研究热风-真空冷冻联合干燥对脆性龙眼果干品质及益生活性的影响,为高品质龙眼果干工业化节能干燥模式提供理论依据.[方法]以热风干燥、真空冷冻干燥龙眼果干为对照,比较分析热风-真空冷冻联合干燥对脆性龙眼果干水分含量、水分活度、皱缩率、复水比等理化特性和总糖、多糖等营养品质的影响.同时采用GC-MS测定风味物质变化,电量表测定能源消耗量.并选用植物乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌发酵龙眼果干,比较发酵过程中活菌数、总糖、还原糖以及短链脂肪酸的变化,评价热风-真空冷冻联合干燥对龙眼体外益生活性的影响.[结果]热风-真空冷冻联合干燥龙眼果干的水分含量、水分活度和皱缩率显著低于热风干燥,而复水比显著高于热风干燥.在总糖、多糖含量以及挥发性风味物质种类和总量上,热风-真空冷冻联合干燥低于真空冷冻干燥而高于热风干燥.在能源消耗上,热风-真空冷冻联合干燥比真空冷冻干燥节约干燥时间12.16%,节约单位能耗25.40%.在益生活性方面,植物乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌均能通过发酵龙眼干增加活菌数量,利用龙眼干中的总糖产生短链脂肪酸,降低发酵液pH,且益生效果受干燥方式和菌株种类的影响较大.当植物乳杆菌发酵热风-真空冷冻干燥的龙眼果干48 h后,活菌数生长最多可达12.40 lg cfu/mL,高于真空冷冻干燥、热风干燥和新鲜龙眼.嗜酸乳杆菌发酵48 h后,热风-真空冷冻联合干燥活菌数达11.84 lg cfu/mL,与真空冷冻干燥接近,低于热风干燥,但高于新鲜龙眼.[结论]热风-真空冷冻联合干燥结合了热风干燥和真空冷冻干燥两种干燥方式的特点,可以显著缩短干燥时间,节约能耗,提高干燥效率和果干品质.
文摘【目的】比较不同荔枝品种果干主要挥发性物质种类及其含量的差异。【方法】选择22个华南地区的主栽荔枝品种,整果经热风干制后,采用固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用(SPME/GC/MS)技术对荔枝果干挥发性物质进行定性和定量检测,分别对果干中的挥发性物质进行主成分分析、对不同荔枝品种果干进行聚类分析。【结果】从22个荔枝品种果干中共检测出105种挥发性物质,其中12种物质为22个品种所共有;挥发性物质总含量变幅为1 244.19—12 965.10μg/100 g DW,变异系数达60.41%,其中烃类、醇类、醛类、酮类、酯类占挥发性物质总量的比例分别为67.05%、17.65%、7.79%、1.30%、1.18%。主成分分析结果表明,荔枝果干主要挥发性物质为乙醇、乙酸、3-羟基-2-丁酮、2,3-丁二醇、糠醛、D-柠檬烯、苯甲醇、可巴烯、丁香烯和荜澄茄烯。22个品种的荔枝果干经过聚类分析可以聚为3类,各类荔枝果干的挥发性物质均有其显著特征。【结论】荔枝果干主要挥发性物质由烃类、醇类、醛类、酮类和酯类组成,其主要成分为乙醇、乙酸、3-羟基-2-丁酮、2,3-丁二醇、糠醛、D-柠檬烯、苯甲醇、可巴烯、丁香烯和荜澄茄烯;不同荔枝品种果干的挥发性物质种类和含量存在显著差异。
文摘Ochratoxin A (OTA) is among the most important mycotoxins, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies it as possibly carcinogenic to humans (group 2B). A total of 121 samples of dried fruits from the central zone of Iran were analyzed for OTA by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The recovery percentages of OTA in spiked dried fruit samples at concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 ng/g were found to be 84.9%, 89.3% and 90.4% as mean, respectively. OTA was found in 20.7% of the analyzed samples by average concentration of 6.7 ± 3.9 ng/g. The incidence rates of OTA contamination in dried fig, raising, apricots, and date samples were 10.4%, 44.7%, 6.7% and 10.0%, respectively. The concentrations of OTA in 7.9% of contaminated dried raising samples and 2.1% of dried fig samples were higher than maximum tolerance limit accepted by European Union (10 ng/g). This value reflects that the analyzed samples have a minimal contribution to toxicological risk. To our best knowledge, the present study is the first report of the presence of OTA by ELISA in dried fruit samples in Iran.
