Although the calculation of radiative transfer in the middle-shortwave infrared band is important in the field of optical remote sensing, studies in this area of research are rare in China. Both solar reflection and a...Although the calculation of radiative transfer in the middle-shortwave infrared band is important in the field of optical remote sensing, studies in this area of research are rare in China. Both solar reflection and atmospheric emission should be considered when calculating radiative transfer in the middle-shortwave infrared band. This paper presents a new radiative transfer model based on the doubling and adding method. The new model uses approximate calculations of direct solar reflection,multiple scattering, and thermal emissions for a finitely thin atmospheric layer and considers both the solar and thermal sources of radiation. To verify its accuracy, the calculation results produced by the model for four typical scenarios(single layer at night,multi-layer aerosols, double-layer with ice and water clouds, and multi-layer with clouds and aerosols) were compared with those of the DISORT model. With the exception of a few channels, the absolute deviation between the two models was less than2×10^(-6) K. For the same calculation, the computation speed of the new model was approximately two to three times faster than that of the DISORT model. Sensitivity studies were performed to evaluate the error resulting from using simplified calculation methods in the new model. The results obtained in this study indicated that atmospheric thermal emission made a significant contribution to the measured radiance in the strong-absorption band(2230–2400 cm^(-1)), whereas solar radiation could be neglected in this region. However, neglecting solar radiation in the window region(2400–2580 cm^(-1)) introduced error on the order of dozens of K. Employing the average-layer temperature method simplified the calculation of thermal radiation but caused a larger error in the strong-absorption band than in the window region. In the doubling and adding method, the calculation error decreased as the value used for minimum optical thickness decreased. Under the condition of satisfying the requirement of calculation precision, we can con展开更多
Haploid breeding can shorten the breeding process and improve the breeding efficiency. Currently, in vivo haploid induction technology has been com- monly used in maize （ Zea mays L. ）. This paper briefly introduced...Haploid breeding can shorten the breeding process and improve the breeding efficiency. Currently, in vivo haploid induction technology has been com- monly used in maize （ Zea mays L. ）. This paper briefly introduced in vivo haploid induction technologies, summarized doubling methods of maize haploids and described the significance and application of maize haploids, which provided the basis for further development of haploid breeding in maize.展开更多
An improved recursive doubling algorithm for solving linear recurrence R <n,1>is given,whose parallel time complexity is (τ++τ.) logn when n processors are available,achieving the lower bound in array processo...An improved recursive doubling algorithm for solving linear recurrence R <n,1>is given,whose parallel time complexity is (τ++τ.) logn when n processors are available,achieving the lower bound in array processor type computation.展开更多
辐射传输模式是建立遥感反演方法和气候模式中辐射参数化的重要工具,尤其是全偏振的矢量辐射传输模式对于精确理解地气系统中的辐射过程至关重要。PolRadtran/RT3(polarized radiative transfer)、SOSVRT(vector radiative transfer bas...辐射传输模式是建立遥感反演方法和气候模式中辐射参数化的重要工具,尤其是全偏振的矢量辐射传输模式对于精确理解地气系统中的辐射过程至关重要。PolRadtran/RT3(polarized radiative transfer)、SOSVRT(vector radiative transfer based on successive order of scattering)和VDISORT(vector DIScrete ordinate radiative transfer)是基于不同物理原理求解矢量辐射传输的三个代表性数值模式。对这三个模式进行计算时间和计算精度的比较,发现,基于逐次散射法的SOSVRT计算效率最高,计算时间基本不随流数的增加而增长,但随单层光学厚度的增大,其计算时间有较为明显的增加,在米散射情况下,光学厚度从0.5增加到1.0时,其计算时间增加了1倍;基于倍加累加法的RT3和基于矩阵特征矢量求解方法的VDISORT计算效率较低,尤其是采用大流数计算时,RT3和VDISORT的计算时间随流数的增加迅速增长,特别是在瑞利散射条件下,波长为400nm,流数为40时,其计算时间分别为SOSVRT的23倍和7倍。但是,两模式随光学厚度增加计算时间却无明显的增加。在计算精度方面,3个模式比较接近,只是VDISORT在大流数的情况下会有震荡现象。展开更多
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program(Grant No.2015AA123704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41475031)the Special Fund for Scientific Research(Meteorology)in the Public Interest(Grant Nos.GYHY201506074&GYHY201506002)
文摘Although the calculation of radiative transfer in the middle-shortwave infrared band is important in the field of optical remote sensing, studies in this area of research are rare in China. Both solar reflection and atmospheric emission should be considered when calculating radiative transfer in the middle-shortwave infrared band. This paper presents a new radiative transfer model based on the doubling and adding method. The new model uses approximate calculations of direct solar reflection,multiple scattering, and thermal emissions for a finitely thin atmospheric layer and considers both the solar and thermal sources of radiation. To verify its accuracy, the calculation results produced by the model for four typical scenarios(single layer at night,multi-layer aerosols, double-layer with ice and water clouds, and multi-layer with clouds and aerosols) were compared with those of the DISORT model. With the exception of a few channels, the absolute deviation between the two models was less than2×10^(-6) K. For the same calculation, the computation speed of the new model was approximately two to three times faster than that of the DISORT model. Sensitivity studies were performed to evaluate the error resulting from using simplified calculation methods in the new model. The results obtained in this study indicated that atmospheric thermal emission made a significant contribution to the measured radiance in the strong-absorption band(2230–2400 cm^(-1)), whereas solar radiation could be neglected in this region. However, neglecting solar radiation in the window region(2400–2580 cm^(-1)) introduced error on the order of dozens of K. Employing the average-layer temperature method simplified the calculation of thermal radiation but caused a larger error in the strong-absorption band than in the window region. In the doubling and adding method, the calculation error decreased as the value used for minimum optical thickness decreased. Under the condition of satisfying the requirement of calculation precision, we can con
基金Supported by Project of Modern Crop Breeding[Guangdong Finance of Agriculture(2014)No.492]2012 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for University Students of Guangdong Province(1134712062)
文摘Haploid breeding can shorten the breeding process and improve the breeding efficiency. Currently, in vivo haploid induction technology has been com- monly used in maize （ Zea mays L. ）. This paper briefly introduced in vivo haploid induction technologies, summarized doubling methods of maize haploids and described the significance and application of maize haploids, which provided the basis for further development of haploid breeding in maize.
文摘An improved recursive doubling algorithm for solving linear recurrence R <n,1>is given,whose parallel time complexity is (τ++τ.) logn when n processors are available,achieving the lower bound in array processor type computation.
文摘辐射传输模式是建立遥感反演方法和气候模式中辐射参数化的重要工具,尤其是全偏振的矢量辐射传输模式对于精确理解地气系统中的辐射过程至关重要。PolRadtran/RT3(polarized radiative transfer)、SOSVRT(vector radiative transfer based on successive order of scattering)和VDISORT(vector DIScrete ordinate radiative transfer)是基于不同物理原理求解矢量辐射传输的三个代表性数值模式。对这三个模式进行计算时间和计算精度的比较,发现,基于逐次散射法的SOSVRT计算效率最高,计算时间基本不随流数的增加而增长,但随单层光学厚度的增大,其计算时间有较为明显的增加,在米散射情况下,光学厚度从0.5增加到1.0时,其计算时间增加了1倍;基于倍加累加法的RT3和基于矩阵特征矢量求解方法的VDISORT计算效率较低,尤其是采用大流数计算时,RT3和VDISORT的计算时间随流数的增加迅速增长,特别是在瑞利散射条件下,波长为400nm,流数为40时,其计算时间分别为SOSVRT的23倍和7倍。但是,两模式随光学厚度增加计算时间却无明显的增加。在计算精度方面,3个模式比较接近,只是VDISORT在大流数的情况下会有震荡现象。
