Exploiting the negative biochemical interference between plants and algal species has been suggested as a method to control harmful algal blooms. In this work, we investigated the inhibitory effect of the salt marsh h...Exploiting the negative biochemical interference between plants and algal species has been suggested as a method to control harmful algal blooms. In this work, we investigated the inhibitory effect of the salt marsh halophyte Salicornia europaea against the marine alga Skeletonema costatum. S. europaea suppressed the growth of S. costatum in a nutrient-sufficient co-culture system, indicating that the inhibition of algal growth was because of the phytotoxic effect of S. europaea, rather than nutrient competition. We tested aqueous and organic extracts from S. europaea roots against S. costatum. The organic ex- tracts inhibited growth and affected the cell size and chlorophyll a content of S. costatum in a dose-dependent manner. Among the three tested organic extracts, the methanol extract had the greatest effects on S. costatum, followed by butanol extract, and then the chloroform extract. Two flavonoids, rutin and quercetin-3-13-D-glucoside, were identified in the methanol extract by high performance liquid chromatography. The concentration of rutin was much higher than that of quercetin-3-13-D-glucoside. In an algal bioassay, rutin inhibited the growth of S. costatum and the inhibitory effect increased with increasing rutin concen- tration and with decreasing initial algal density. Therefore, we concluded that S. europaea negatively affects the growth of S. costatum, and that rutin, a metabolite of S. europaea, may play a role in this inhibitory effect.展开更多
Combinatorial interactions between different regulators diversify and enrich the chance of transcriptional regulation in eukaryotic cells.However,a dose-dependent functional switch of homologous transcriptional repres...Combinatorial interactions between different regulators diversify and enrich the chance of transcriptional regulation in eukaryotic cells.However,a dose-dependent functional switch of homologous transcriptional repressors has rarely been reported.Here,we show that SHY2,an auxin/indole-3-acetic acid(Aux/IAA)repressor,exhibits a dose-dependent bimodal role in auxin-sensitive root-hair growth and gene transcrip-tion in Arabidopsis,whereas other Aux/lAA homologs consistently repress the auxin responses.The co-repressor(TOPLESS[TPL])-binding affinity of a bimodal Aux/IAA was lower than that of a consistently re-pressing Aux/IAA.The switch of a single amino acid residue in the TPL-binding motif between the bimodal form and the consistently repressing form switched their TPL-binding affinity and transcriptional and bio-logical roles in auxin responses.Based on these data,we propose a model whereby competition between homologous repressors with different co-repressor-binding affinities could generate a bimodal output at thetranscriptional anddevelopmental levels.展开更多
Man＇s innate clocks functioning allows to understand WHEN and WHY therapies are efficient. Vigil chronotypes determination and respect allows to avoid scholars＇ failure. Performances depend on chronotypes and time c...Man＇s innate clocks functioning allows to understand WHEN and WHY therapies are efficient. Vigil chronotypes determination and respect allows to avoid scholars＇ failure. Performances depend on chronotypes and time changes. Both minimal and maxima/durations of night sleep cycles result from interactions between endogenous and exogenous clocks. Our ecoexotope is structured by solar, lunar and terrestrial rhythms which are synchronisers for endophysiotope clocks. Man night sleep changes depend on lunar cycles entrainment. Sleep analyses point to circa-annual solar rhythms used as controls to evidence circa-monthly lunar ones. To evidence physiological responses individual longitudinal records are used. To evidence lithotherapeutic effects, stimuli responses are tested according to a double-blind placebo-controlled survey. WHAT mineral to chose？, WHY？, HOW to treat？, WHEN？ Compared with controls, jadeite or nephrite enhances night sleep quality with a 15 fold decrease of awakenings and urinations. The highest placebo effect was below 4 fold increase. Depending on minerals and trace elements, properties change. The mineral crystal structure is evidenced to have an action. The contact area with the skin is a limiting factor. Placebo effects are greater during the day phase. Red jasper treatment enhances the number and intensity of diurnal physical working. Minerals act in a dose-dependent manner and in synergy. Hematite sole gives a placebo effect, but increases the effect of serpentinite by a 15 fold value. Within a clocks network, the latency phase of the whole is shorter than the shortest latency phase of each clock, enhancing the system reactivity.展开更多
The effects of vitamin D on osteoblast mineralization are well documented. Reports of the effects of vitamin D on osteoclasts, however, are conflicting, showing both inhibition and stimulation. Finding that resorbing ...The effects of vitamin D on osteoblast mineralization are well documented. Reports of the effects of vitamin D on osteoclasts, however, are conflicting, showing both inhibition and stimulation. Finding that resorbing osteoclasts in human bone express vitamin D receptor （VDR）, we examined their response to different concentrations of 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 [25（OH）D3] （100 or 500 nmol·L^-1） and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 [1,25（OH）2D3] （0.1 or 0.5 nmol·L^-1） metabolites in cell cultures. Specifically, CD14＋ monocytes were cultured in charcoal-stripped serum in the presence of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand （RANKL） and macrophage colony-stimulating factor （M-CSF）. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase （TRAP） histochemical staining assays and dentine resorption analysis were used to identify the size and number of osteoclast cells, number of nuclei per cell and resorption activity. The expression of VDR was detected in human bone tissue （ex vivo） by immunohistochemistry and in vitro cell cultures by western blotting. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR （qRT-PCR） was used to determine the level of expression of vitamin D-related genes in response to vitamin D metabolites. VDR-related genes during osteoclastogenesis, shown by qRT-PCR, was stimulated in response to 500 nmol·L^-1 of 25（OH）D3 and 0.1-0.5 nmol·L^-1 of 1,25（OH）2D3, upregulating cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily B member I （CYP27B1） and cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member I （CYP24A1）. Osteoclast fusion transcripts transmembrane 7 subfamily member 4 （tm7sf4） and nuclear factor of activated T-cell cytoplasmic 1 （nfatcl） where downregulated in response to vitamin D metabolites. Osteoclast number and resorption activity were also increased. Both 25（OH）D3 and 1,25（OH）2D3 reduced osteoclast size and number when co-treated with RANKL and M-CSF. The evidence for VDR expression in resorbing osteoclasts in vivo and low-dose effects of 1,25（OH）2D3 on osteocla展开更多
BACKGROUND Pregabalin is widely used to treat neuropathic pain associated with postherpetic neuralgia.To our knowledge,this is the first report on simultaneously occurring dose-related adverse drug reactions(ADRs)of b...BACKGROUND Pregabalin is widely used to treat neuropathic pain associated with postherpetic neuralgia.To our knowledge,this is the first report on simultaneously occurring dose-related adverse drug reactions(ADRs)of balance disorder,asthenia,peripheral edema,and constipation in an elderly patient after pregabalin.CASE SUMMARY A 76-year-old female with a history of postherpetic neuralgia was prescribed pregabalin(300 mg daily).After taking pregabalin for 7 d,the patient developed balance disorder,weakness,peripheral pitting edema(2+),and constipation.On days 8-14,the pregabalin dose was reduced to 150 mg/d based on creatinine clearance.The patient’s peripheral edema improved significantly with the disappearance of all other adverse symptoms.On day 15,the pregabalin dose was increased to 225 mg/d to relieve pain.Unfortunately,the symptoms mentioned earlier gradually reappeared after 1 wk of pregabalin treatment.However,the complaints were not as severe as when taking 300 mg/d pregabalin.The patient consulted her pharmacist by telephone and was advised to reduce the dose of pregabalin to 150 mg/d and add acetaminophen(0.5 g,q6h)to relieve pain.The patient’s ADRs gradually improved over the following week.CONCLUSION Older patients should be prescribed a lower initial dose of pregabalin.The dose should be titrated to the maximum tolerable dose to avoid dose-limiting ADR.Dose reduction and the addition of acetaminophen may help limit ADR and improve pain control.展开更多
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KSCX2-EW-J-1)the National High Technology and Research Development Program of China(Grant No.2007AA091704)
文摘Exploiting the negative biochemical interference between plants and algal species has been suggested as a method to control harmful algal blooms. In this work, we investigated the inhibitory effect of the salt marsh halophyte Salicornia europaea against the marine alga Skeletonema costatum. S. europaea suppressed the growth of S. costatum in a nutrient-sufficient co-culture system, indicating that the inhibition of algal growth was because of the phytotoxic effect of S. europaea, rather than nutrient competition. We tested aqueous and organic extracts from S. europaea roots against S. costatum. The organic ex- tracts inhibited growth and affected the cell size and chlorophyll a content of S. costatum in a dose-dependent manner. Among the three tested organic extracts, the methanol extract had the greatest effects on S. costatum, followed by butanol extract, and then the chloroform extract. Two flavonoids, rutin and quercetin-3-13-D-glucoside, were identified in the methanol extract by high performance liquid chromatography. The concentration of rutin was much higher than that of quercetin-3-13-D-glucoside. In an algal bioassay, rutin inhibited the growth of S. costatum and the inhibitory effect increased with increasing rutin concen- tration and with decreasing initial algal density. Therefore, we concluded that S. europaea negatively affects the growth of S. costatum, and that rutin, a metabolite of S. europaea, may play a role in this inhibitory effect.
基金supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation(NRF-2022R1A2C1007862).
文摘Combinatorial interactions between different regulators diversify and enrich the chance of transcriptional regulation in eukaryotic cells.However,a dose-dependent functional switch of homologous transcriptional repressors has rarely been reported.Here,we show that SHY2,an auxin/indole-3-acetic acid(Aux/IAA)repressor,exhibits a dose-dependent bimodal role in auxin-sensitive root-hair growth and gene transcrip-tion in Arabidopsis,whereas other Aux/lAA homologs consistently repress the auxin responses.The co-repressor(TOPLESS[TPL])-binding affinity of a bimodal Aux/IAA was lower than that of a consistently re-pressing Aux/IAA.The switch of a single amino acid residue in the TPL-binding motif between the bimodal form and the consistently repressing form switched their TPL-binding affinity and transcriptional and bio-logical roles in auxin responses.Based on these data,we propose a model whereby competition between homologous repressors with different co-repressor-binding affinities could generate a bimodal output at thetranscriptional anddevelopmental levels.
文摘Man＇s innate clocks functioning allows to understand WHEN and WHY therapies are efficient. Vigil chronotypes determination and respect allows to avoid scholars＇ failure. Performances depend on chronotypes and time changes. Both minimal and maxima/durations of night sleep cycles result from interactions between endogenous and exogenous clocks. Our ecoexotope is structured by solar, lunar and terrestrial rhythms which are synchronisers for endophysiotope clocks. Man night sleep changes depend on lunar cycles entrainment. Sleep analyses point to circa-annual solar rhythms used as controls to evidence circa-monthly lunar ones. To evidence physiological responses individual longitudinal records are used. To evidence lithotherapeutic effects, stimuli responses are tested according to a double-blind placebo-controlled survey. WHAT mineral to chose？, WHY？, HOW to treat？, WHEN？ Compared with controls, jadeite or nephrite enhances night sleep quality with a 15 fold decrease of awakenings and urinations. The highest placebo effect was below 4 fold increase. Depending on minerals and trace elements, properties change. The mineral crystal structure is evidenced to have an action. The contact area with the skin is a limiting factor. Placebo effects are greater during the day phase. Red jasper treatment enhances the number and intensity of diurnal physical working. Minerals act in a dose-dependent manner and in synergy. Hematite sole gives a placebo effect, but increases the effect of serpentinite by a 15 fold value. Within a clocks network, the latency phase of the whole is shorter than the shortest latency phase of each clock, enhancing the system reactivity.
基金financial support from Orthopaedic Research UK (P 470)Arthritis Research UK (grant 20299 and Oxford EOTC)
文摘The effects of vitamin D on osteoblast mineralization are well documented. Reports of the effects of vitamin D on osteoclasts, however, are conflicting, showing both inhibition and stimulation. Finding that resorbing osteoclasts in human bone express vitamin D receptor （VDR）, we examined their response to different concentrations of 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 [25（OH）D3] （100 or 500 nmol·L^-1） and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 [1,25（OH）2D3] （0.1 or 0.5 nmol·L^-1） metabolites in cell cultures. Specifically, CD14＋ monocytes were cultured in charcoal-stripped serum in the presence of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand （RANKL） and macrophage colony-stimulating factor （M-CSF）. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase （TRAP） histochemical staining assays and dentine resorption analysis were used to identify the size and number of osteoclast cells, number of nuclei per cell and resorption activity. The expression of VDR was detected in human bone tissue （ex vivo） by immunohistochemistry and in vitro cell cultures by western blotting. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR （qRT-PCR） was used to determine the level of expression of vitamin D-related genes in response to vitamin D metabolites. VDR-related genes during osteoclastogenesis, shown by qRT-PCR, was stimulated in response to 500 nmol·L^-1 of 25（OH）D3 and 0.1-0.5 nmol·L^-1 of 1,25（OH）2D3, upregulating cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily B member I （CYP27B1） and cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member I （CYP24A1）. Osteoclast fusion transcripts transmembrane 7 subfamily member 4 （tm7sf4） and nuclear factor of activated T-cell cytoplasmic 1 （nfatcl） where downregulated in response to vitamin D metabolites. Osteoclast number and resorption activity were also increased. Both 25（OH）D3 and 1,25（OH）2D3 reduced osteoclast size and number when co-treated with RANKL and M-CSF. The evidence for VDR expression in resorbing osteoclasts in vivo and low-dose effects of 1,25（OH）2D3 on osteocla
文摘BACKGROUND Pregabalin is widely used to treat neuropathic pain associated with postherpetic neuralgia.To our knowledge,this is the first report on simultaneously occurring dose-related adverse drug reactions(ADRs)of balance disorder,asthenia,peripheral edema,and constipation in an elderly patient after pregabalin.CASE SUMMARY A 76-year-old female with a history of postherpetic neuralgia was prescribed pregabalin(300 mg daily).After taking pregabalin for 7 d,the patient developed balance disorder,weakness,peripheral pitting edema(2+),and constipation.On days 8-14,the pregabalin dose was reduced to 150 mg/d based on creatinine clearance.The patient’s peripheral edema improved significantly with the disappearance of all other adverse symptoms.On day 15,the pregabalin dose was increased to 225 mg/d to relieve pain.Unfortunately,the symptoms mentioned earlier gradually reappeared after 1 wk of pregabalin treatment.However,the complaints were not as severe as when taking 300 mg/d pregabalin.The patient consulted her pharmacist by telephone and was advised to reduce the dose of pregabalin to 150 mg/d and add acetaminophen(0.5 g,q6h)to relieve pain.The patient’s ADRs gradually improved over the following week.CONCLUSION Older patients should be prescribed a lower initial dose of pregabalin.The dose should be titrated to the maximum tolerable dose to avoid dose-limiting ADR.Dose reduction and the addition of acetaminophen may help limit ADR and improve pain control.
