In case of an emergency fire in vehicle tunnel, the ventilation system should be operated effectively to control the thermal fume and smoke inside tunnel. However, it is quite difficult to predict every kind of emerge...In case of an emergency fire in vehicle tunnel, the ventilation system should be operated effectively to control the thermal fume and smoke inside tunnel. However, it is quite difficult to predict every kind of emergency fire by fire tests because the actual movement of thermal fume and smoke is affected by many factors such as ventilation system, structure of the tunnel, etc., especially for tunnels equipped with transverse ventilation system on which rare experimental and numerical studies have been found so far. In this paper, a three dimensional numerical simulator using LES turbulence model is developed to simulate the movement of thermal fume induced by emergency fire in vehicle tunnel. The SMAC method is employed to calculate the pressure and velocity fields. The upwind differnece scheme with the third order accuracy is applied for the discretization of convection terms of the governmental equations. As the applications of the present simulator, the behavior of thermal fume induced by emergency fire in a vehicle tunnel with two direction traffic is analyzed. It is confirmed that the partial transverse ventilation system is more effective than the longitudinal ventilation system under large and small velocities of longitudinal bulk flow inside tunnel. Simulation result also shows that remaining the velocity of longitudinal bulk flow near zero around fire source can provide the best working condition for partial transverse ventilation system.展开更多
在分析直左冲突与交通流影响关系的基础上,依据信号交叉口周期时长、饱和车头时距、相位绿灯时间和交通冲突影响系数,计算实际交通流量与道路通行能力的比值,依据该比值对信号控制交叉口的交通状态进行划分。并选择碰撞时间(time to col...在分析直左冲突与交通流影响关系的基础上,依据信号交叉口周期时长、饱和车头时距、相位绿灯时间和交通冲突影响系数,计算实际交通流量与道路通行能力的比值,依据该比值对信号控制交叉口的交通状态进行划分。并选择碰撞时间(time to collision,TTC)指标作为交通冲突的判定指标,以全贝叶斯方法为基础,构建独立状态下单维泊松对数正态贝叶斯组合回归(Poisson logarithmic normal Bayesian combination regression,PLCR)直左交通冲突模型和不同交通状态下多维泊松对数正态贝叶斯组合回归(multidimensional Poisson logarithmic normal Bayesian combination regression, MPLCR)直左交通冲突模型,分析表明:MPLCR模型的精度是PLCR模型的2.2倍左右,MPLCR模型可定量分析不同交通流与交通冲突的影响;交通状态不同,直行交通流和左转交通流对直左交通冲突的影响结果不同。展开更多
文摘In case of an emergency fire in vehicle tunnel, the ventilation system should be operated effectively to control the thermal fume and smoke inside tunnel. However, it is quite difficult to predict every kind of emergency fire by fire tests because the actual movement of thermal fume and smoke is affected by many factors such as ventilation system, structure of the tunnel, etc., especially for tunnels equipped with transverse ventilation system on which rare experimental and numerical studies have been found so far. In this paper, a three dimensional numerical simulator using LES turbulence model is developed to simulate the movement of thermal fume induced by emergency fire in vehicle tunnel. The SMAC method is employed to calculate the pressure and velocity fields. The upwind differnece scheme with the third order accuracy is applied for the discretization of convection terms of the governmental equations. As the applications of the present simulator, the behavior of thermal fume induced by emergency fire in a vehicle tunnel with two direction traffic is analyzed. It is confirmed that the partial transverse ventilation system is more effective than the longitudinal ventilation system under large and small velocities of longitudinal bulk flow inside tunnel. Simulation result also shows that remaining the velocity of longitudinal bulk flow near zero around fire source can provide the best working condition for partial transverse ventilation system.
文摘在分析直左冲突与交通流影响关系的基础上,依据信号交叉口周期时长、饱和车头时距、相位绿灯时间和交通冲突影响系数,计算实际交通流量与道路通行能力的比值,依据该比值对信号控制交叉口的交通状态进行划分。并选择碰撞时间(time to collision,TTC)指标作为交通冲突的判定指标,以全贝叶斯方法为基础,构建独立状态下单维泊松对数正态贝叶斯组合回归(Poisson logarithmic normal Bayesian combination regression,PLCR)直左交通冲突模型和不同交通状态下多维泊松对数正态贝叶斯组合回归(multidimensional Poisson logarithmic normal Bayesian combination regression, MPLCR)直左交通冲突模型,分析表明:MPLCR模型的精度是PLCR模型的2.2倍左右,MPLCR模型可定量分析不同交通流与交通冲突的影响;交通状态不同,直行交通流和左转交通流对直左交通冲突的影响结果不同。
