Objective To review the recent developments in the mechanisms of glucocorticoids induced osteonecrosis of femoral head （ONFH） and introduce a new theory of ONFH.Data sources Both Chinese- and English-language litera...Objective To review the recent developments in the mechanisms of glucocorticoids induced osteonecrosis of femoral head （ONFH） and introduce a new theory of ONFH.Data sources Both Chinese- and English-language literatures were searched using MEDLINE （1997-2011）,Pubmed （1997-2011 ） and the Index of Chinese-language Literature （1997-2011 ）.Study selection Data from published articles about mechanisms of glucocorticoids induced ONFH in recent domestic and foreign literature were selected.Data extraction Data were mainly extracted from 61 articles which are listed in the reference section of this review.Results Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex that play a pivotal role in the regulation of a variety of developmental,metabolic and immune functions.However,high dose of exogenous glucocorticoids usage is the most common non-traumatic cause of ON FH.Glucocorticoids can affect the metabolisms of osteoblasts,osteoclasts,bone marrow stromal cells and adipocytes which decrease osteoblasts formation but increase adipocytes formation and cause ONFH finally.Conclusions Glucocorticoids affect the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells,through activating or inhibiting the related transcript regulators of osteogenesis and adipogenesis.At last,the size and volume of mesenchymal stem cells derived adipocytes will increase amazingly,but the osteoblasts will be decreased obviously.In the meantime,the activity of the osteoclasts will be activated.So,these mechanisms work together and lead to ONFH.展开更多
Background Rheumatoid arthritis （RA） is characterized by inflammation of the synovial membrane, leading to invasion of synovial tissue into the adjacent cartilage matrix with degradation of articular cartilage and b...Background Rheumatoid arthritis （RA） is characterized by inflammation of the synovial membrane, leading to invasion of synovial tissue into the adjacent cartilage matrix with degradation of articular cartilage and bone as a consequence. Dickkopf-1 （DKK-1） and osteoprotegerin （OPG） have been demonstrated to be key molecules involved in bone erosion and bone remodeling. The aim of this study was to explore the potential role of DKK-1 and OPG in different stage of RA. Methods The protein levels of DKK-1 and OPG were detected by ELISA. The serum samples were collected from 300 patients with RA and 60 healthy controls. Of which, 150 RA patients were defined as early RA （disease duration 〈1 year）, and other 150 RA patients were defined as Ionglasting RA （disease duration 〉5 years）. At the time of serum sampling, various clinical and laboratory parameters were assessed. The correlations of DKK-1 or OPG and clinical/laboratory parameters were analyzed. Results The serum level of DKK-1 was elevated in patients with longstanding RA compared with healthy controls, while no significant difference was observed between the two groups in the level of OPG. In contrast, in early RA patients, the circulating OPG was elevated, while there was no significant difference between the two groups in expression of DKK-I. The serum DKK-1 was correlated with Sharp score and DAS28 in longstanding RA patients. In early RA, age was the only parameter that was significantly related to serum OPG. Conclusions There was a cross-talk between DKK-1 and OPG, which involved in bone destruction in RA. In different stage of RA, DKK-1 and OPG may play different roles in the pathogenesis of RA.展开更多
目的探讨Dickkopf-1(DKK-1)、LINGO-1、小窝蛋白1(caveolin-1)在脑出血中的表达水平变化及其与病情严重程度的关系。方法选取2017年5月-2019年5月在本院就诊的脑出血患者70例,少量出血25例,中量出血24例,大量出血21例;根据美国国立卫生...目的探讨Dickkopf-1(DKK-1)、LINGO-1、小窝蛋白1(caveolin-1)在脑出血中的表达水平变化及其与病情严重程度的关系。方法选取2017年5月-2019年5月在本院就诊的脑出血患者70例,少量出血25例,中量出血24例,大量出血21例;根据美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National institutes of health stroke scale,NIHSS)评分评估脑出血患者的病情严重程度其中轻型26例、中型24例、重型20例;采用多田氏公式计算患者出血量,其中少量25例、中量24例、大量21例;手术入路通道中临近血肿0.5cm脑组织作为脑出血组,将远隔血肿位置的脑组织作为对照组;采用免疫组化染色检测相关因子的表达水平。结果脑出血组DKK-1、LINGO-1、caveolin-1阳性表达率高于对照组(P<0.05);大量出血患者阳性表达率高于中量和少量出血患者(P<0.05);中量出血患者DKK-1、LINGO-1、caveolin-1阳性表达率高于少量出血患者(P<0.05)。重型脑出血患者DKK-1、LINGO-1、caveolin-1阳性表达率高于中型和轻型脑出血患者(P<0.05);中型脑出血患者DKK-1、LINGO-1、caveolin-1阳性表达率高于轻型脑出血患者(P<0.05)。结论 Dickkopf-1、LINGO-1、caveolin-1在脑出血患者脑组织中高表达,并随着患者病情严重程度的加重,Dickkopf-1、LINGO-1、caveolin-1表达水平越高。展开更多
肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma pneumoniae)是儿童和成人最常见的呼吸道感染病原体。临床观察肺炎支原体感染会引起呼吸道黏液大量分泌,给患者呼吸造成困难,已有研究表明肺炎支原体感染会引起大量黏蛋白5AC(mucin 5AC,MUC5AC)的分泌。肺炎支原...肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma pneumoniae)是儿童和成人最常见的呼吸道感染病原体。临床观察肺炎支原体感染会引起呼吸道黏液大量分泌,给患者呼吸造成困难,已有研究表明肺炎支原体感染会引起大量黏蛋白5AC(mucin 5AC,MUC5AC)的分泌。肺炎支原体P1黏附素通过介导病原体与宿主细胞的黏附在肺炎支原体感染的发病机制中发挥重要作用,其中P1的C-末端残基(P1-C)具有免疫原性。本研究探讨了Wnt(Wingless,Wnt)/β-catenin信号通路抑制因子Dickkopf-1(Dickkopf-1,DKK1)在肺炎支原体P1-C诱导的肺上皮细胞分泌黏蛋白MUC5AC的分子机制。利用扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)、苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin,HE)染色观察肺炎支原体P1-C对小鼠肺上皮细胞(mouse airway epithelial cells,MAECs)黏液分泌的影响;利用蛋白芯片技术检测肺炎支原体P1-C对小鼠气道上皮细胞炎症因子分泌及对相关信号通路的富集分析;采用糖原染色(periodic acid schiff stain,PAS)、Tunel染色、Masson染色检测肺炎支原体P1-C对小鼠肺的损伤情况;采用免疫组化检测黏蛋白MUC5AC的分泌情况,采用蛋白免疫印迹检测DKK1调控肺炎支原体P1-C蛋白诱导小鼠肺上皮细胞分泌黏蛋白MUC5AC的分子机制。结果表明,肺炎支原体P1-C能够引起小鼠原代上皮细胞大量黏液和炎性因子的分泌,在肺炎支原体P1-C感染中,DKK1能下调JAK激酶2(janus kinase 2,JAK2)、磷酸化信号传导与转录激活因子1(phosphorylation signal transducer and activator of transcription 1,p-STAT1)和磷酸化信号传导与转录激活因子3(phosphorylation signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,p-STAT3)蛋白的表达;同时,DKK1过表达显著上调MUC5AC抑制转录因子叉头框蛋白A2(fork-head box A2,FOXA2)的表达,从而显著抑制了肺炎支原体P1-C诱导的MUC5AC的表达。通过该研究推测DKK1通过抑制JAK/STAT1-STAT3信号通路以及上调FOXA2的表达有效地减少肺炎支原�展开更多
文摘Objective To review the recent developments in the mechanisms of glucocorticoids induced osteonecrosis of femoral head （ONFH） and introduce a new theory of ONFH.Data sources Both Chinese- and English-language literatures were searched using MEDLINE （1997-2011）,Pubmed （1997-2011 ） and the Index of Chinese-language Literature （1997-2011 ）.Study selection Data from published articles about mechanisms of glucocorticoids induced ONFH in recent domestic and foreign literature were selected.Data extraction Data were mainly extracted from 61 articles which are listed in the reference section of this review.Results Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex that play a pivotal role in the regulation of a variety of developmental,metabolic and immune functions.However,high dose of exogenous glucocorticoids usage is the most common non-traumatic cause of ON FH.Glucocorticoids can affect the metabolisms of osteoblasts,osteoclasts,bone marrow stromal cells and adipocytes which decrease osteoblasts formation but increase adipocytes formation and cause ONFH finally.Conclusions Glucocorticoids affect the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells,through activating or inhibiting the related transcript regulators of osteogenesis and adipogenesis.At last,the size and volume of mesenchymal stem cells derived adipocytes will increase amazingly,but the osteoblasts will be decreased obviously.In the meantime,the activity of the osteoclasts will be activated.So,these mechanisms work together and lead to ONFH.
文摘Background Rheumatoid arthritis （RA） is characterized by inflammation of the synovial membrane, leading to invasion of synovial tissue into the adjacent cartilage matrix with degradation of articular cartilage and bone as a consequence. Dickkopf-1 （DKK-1） and osteoprotegerin （OPG） have been demonstrated to be key molecules involved in bone erosion and bone remodeling. The aim of this study was to explore the potential role of DKK-1 and OPG in different stage of RA. Methods The protein levels of DKK-1 and OPG were detected by ELISA. The serum samples were collected from 300 patients with RA and 60 healthy controls. Of which, 150 RA patients were defined as early RA （disease duration 〈1 year）, and other 150 RA patients were defined as Ionglasting RA （disease duration 〉5 years）. At the time of serum sampling, various clinical and laboratory parameters were assessed. The correlations of DKK-1 or OPG and clinical/laboratory parameters were analyzed. Results The serum level of DKK-1 was elevated in patients with longstanding RA compared with healthy controls, while no significant difference was observed between the two groups in the level of OPG. In contrast, in early RA patients, the circulating OPG was elevated, while there was no significant difference between the two groups in expression of DKK-I. The serum DKK-1 was correlated with Sharp score and DAS28 in longstanding RA patients. In early RA, age was the only parameter that was significantly related to serum OPG. Conclusions There was a cross-talk between DKK-1 and OPG, which involved in bone destruction in RA. In different stage of RA, DKK-1 and OPG may play different roles in the pathogenesis of RA.
文摘目的探讨Dickkopf-1(DKK-1)、LINGO-1、小窝蛋白1(caveolin-1)在脑出血中的表达水平变化及其与病情严重程度的关系。方法选取2017年5月-2019年5月在本院就诊的脑出血患者70例,少量出血25例,中量出血24例,大量出血21例;根据美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National institutes of health stroke scale,NIHSS)评分评估脑出血患者的病情严重程度其中轻型26例、中型24例、重型20例;采用多田氏公式计算患者出血量,其中少量25例、中量24例、大量21例;手术入路通道中临近血肿0.5cm脑组织作为脑出血组,将远隔血肿位置的脑组织作为对照组;采用免疫组化染色检测相关因子的表达水平。结果脑出血组DKK-1、LINGO-1、caveolin-1阳性表达率高于对照组(P<0.05);大量出血患者阳性表达率高于中量和少量出血患者(P<0.05);中量出血患者DKK-1、LINGO-1、caveolin-1阳性表达率高于少量出血患者(P<0.05)。重型脑出血患者DKK-1、LINGO-1、caveolin-1阳性表达率高于中型和轻型脑出血患者(P<0.05);中型脑出血患者DKK-1、LINGO-1、caveolin-1阳性表达率高于轻型脑出血患者(P<0.05)。结论 Dickkopf-1、LINGO-1、caveolin-1在脑出血患者脑组织中高表达,并随着患者病情严重程度的加重,Dickkopf-1、LINGO-1、caveolin-1表达水平越高。
文摘肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma pneumoniae)是儿童和成人最常见的呼吸道感染病原体。临床观察肺炎支原体感染会引起呼吸道黏液大量分泌,给患者呼吸造成困难,已有研究表明肺炎支原体感染会引起大量黏蛋白5AC(mucin 5AC,MUC5AC)的分泌。肺炎支原体P1黏附素通过介导病原体与宿主细胞的黏附在肺炎支原体感染的发病机制中发挥重要作用,其中P1的C-末端残基(P1-C)具有免疫原性。本研究探讨了Wnt(Wingless,Wnt)/β-catenin信号通路抑制因子Dickkopf-1(Dickkopf-1,DKK1)在肺炎支原体P1-C诱导的肺上皮细胞分泌黏蛋白MUC5AC的分子机制。利用扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)、苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin,HE)染色观察肺炎支原体P1-C对小鼠肺上皮细胞(mouse airway epithelial cells,MAECs)黏液分泌的影响;利用蛋白芯片技术检测肺炎支原体P1-C对小鼠气道上皮细胞炎症因子分泌及对相关信号通路的富集分析;采用糖原染色(periodic acid schiff stain,PAS)、Tunel染色、Masson染色检测肺炎支原体P1-C对小鼠肺的损伤情况;采用免疫组化检测黏蛋白MUC5AC的分泌情况,采用蛋白免疫印迹检测DKK1调控肺炎支原体P1-C蛋白诱导小鼠肺上皮细胞分泌黏蛋白MUC5AC的分子机制。结果表明,肺炎支原体P1-C能够引起小鼠原代上皮细胞大量黏液和炎性因子的分泌,在肺炎支原体P1-C感染中,DKK1能下调JAK激酶2(janus kinase 2,JAK2)、磷酸化信号传导与转录激活因子1(phosphorylation signal transducer and activator of transcription 1,p-STAT1)和磷酸化信号传导与转录激活因子3(phosphorylation signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,p-STAT3)蛋白的表达;同时,DKK1过表达显著上调MUC5AC抑制转录因子叉头框蛋白A2(fork-head box A2,FOXA2)的表达,从而显著抑制了肺炎支原体P1-C诱导的MUC5AC的表达。通过该研究推测DKK1通过抑制JAK/STAT1-STAT3信号通路以及上调FOXA2的表达有效地减少肺炎支原�
