To reveal climatic variation over North China, the climatic jumps in summer in Beijing are analyzed using the data of precipitation of summer (June, July, August) during the period of 1841-1993, in which those missed ...To reveal climatic variation over North China, the climatic jumps in summer in Beijing are analyzed using the data of precipitation of summer (June, July, August) during the period of 1841-1993, in which those missed before 1950 were reconstructed by the stepwise regression method with minimum forecast error. The climatic jumps at different scales are analyzed using different diagnostic methods with different decade (10-100 years) windows. Some new methods and ideas are proposed. The variance difference, the linear tendency difference, and the difference of power spectral distribution between the samples before and after the period at the moving point in the center of the series are compared with other methods (for example, Mann—Kendall test, t— test, and accumulative anomaly etc.). Considering the differences among the statistics above, a synthetic jump index is also proposed in order to get the definite jump points in the moving series. The results show that the climatic jumps in the area occurred in the 1890s, the 1910s and the 1920s, and mostly in the 1920s, which suggests that the local climatic jumps in North China have a simultaneous response to the global warming in the hundred-year scales. Key words Climatic jump - New diagnostic statistics - Synthetic jump index - Response to global warming This Study was supported by the “ National Key Programme for Developing Basic Sciences” G1998040901-1.展开更多
Background： The Composite International Diagnostic Interview-3.0 （CIDI-3.0） is a fully structured lay-administered diagnostic interview for the assessment of mental disorders according to ICD-10 and Diagnostic and ...Background： The Composite International Diagnostic Interview-3.0 （CIDI-3.0） is a fully structured lay-administered diagnostic interview for the assessment of mental disorders according to ICD-10 and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition （DSM-IV） criteria. The aim of the study was to investigate the concurrent validity of the Chinese CIDI in diagnosing mental disorders in psychiatric settings. Methods： We recruited 208 participants, of whom 148 were patients from two psychiatric hospitals and 60 healthy people from communities. These participants were administered with CIDI by six trained lay interviewers and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders （SCID-I, gold standard） by two psychiatrists. Agreement between CIDI and SCID-I was assessed with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. Individual-level CIDI-SCID diagnostic concordance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve and Cohen＇s K. Results： Substantial to excellent CIDI to SCID concordance was found for any substance use disorder （area under the receiver operator characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.926）, any anxiety disorder （AUC = 0.807） and any mood disorder （AUC = 0.806）. The concordance between the CIDI and the SCID for psychotic and eating disorders is moderate. However, for individual mental disorders, the CIDI-SCID concordance for bipolar disorders （AUC = 0.55） and anorexia nervosa （AUC = 0.50） was insufficient. Conclusions： Overall, the Chinese version of ClDI-3.0 has acceptable validity in diagnosing the substance use disorder, anxiety disorder and mood disorder among Chinese adult population. However, we should be cautious when using it for bipolar disorders and anorexia nervosa.展开更多
【目的】比较美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder,th ed,DSM-Ⅳ)和中国精神障碍分类及诊断标准(Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders,Third Edition,CCMD-3)在诊断注意缺...【目的】比较美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder,th ed,DSM-Ⅳ)和中国精神障碍分类及诊断标准(Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders,Third Edition,CCMD-3)在诊断注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit and hyperactive disorder,ADHD)上的异同。【方法】以172例由高年资精神科医生诊断为ADHD的门诊患儿为研究对象,由家长填写由两个诊断标准制成的量表,按照两个诊断标准对患儿进行诊断和分型。【结果】172例患者中,162例符合DSM-Ⅳ诊断标准,而所有样本均符合CCMD-3诊断标准;对同时符合两个诊断标准的注意缺陷为主型或混合型的156例患儿进行两量表分型的吻合度检验显示中等吻合度(Kappa=0.587),McNemar检验显示两个诊断分型的差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);对两个量表注意缺陷为主型和混合型的构成比比较显示CCMD-3中混合型的构成比高于DSM-Ⅳ(P=0.023);CCMD-3的条目阳性率比DSM-Ⅳ高,两者均在学习问题描述的条目阳性率高。【结论】CCMD-3较DSM-Ⅳ在诊断ADHD上更为宽松,且更多的将患儿判定为混合型;就诊患儿中注意缺陷症状较多动冲动症状更为明显。展开更多
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（ADHD） is a pervasive psychiatric disorder that affects both children and adults. Adult male and female patients with ADHD are differentially affected, but few studies have ex...Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（ADHD） is a pervasive psychiatric disorder that affects both children and adults. Adult male and female patients with ADHD are differentially affected, but few studies have explored the differences. The purpose of this study was to quantify differences between adult male and female patients with ADHD based on neuroimaging and connectivity analysis. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained and preprocessed in 82 patients. Group-wise differences between male and female patients were quantified using degree centrality for different brain regions. The medial-, middle-, and inferior-frontal gyrus, superior parietal lobule, precuneus, supramarginal gyrus, superior- and middle-temporal gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, and cuneus were identified as regions with significant group-wise differences. The identified regions were correlated with clinical scores reflecting depression and anxiety and significant correlations were found. Adult ADHD patients exhibit different levels of depression and anxiety depending on sex, and our study provides insight into how changes in brain circuitry might differentially impact male and female ADHD patients.展开更多
基金the l' National Key Programme for Developing Basic Seiences"!G 1998040901-1.
文摘To reveal climatic variation over North China, the climatic jumps in summer in Beijing are analyzed using the data of precipitation of summer (June, July, August) during the period of 1841-1993, in which those missed before 1950 were reconstructed by the stepwise regression method with minimum forecast error. The climatic jumps at different scales are analyzed using different diagnostic methods with different decade (10-100 years) windows. Some new methods and ideas are proposed. The variance difference, the linear tendency difference, and the difference of power spectral distribution between the samples before and after the period at the moving point in the center of the series are compared with other methods (for example, Mann—Kendall test, t— test, and accumulative anomaly etc.). Considering the differences among the statistics above, a synthetic jump index is also proposed in order to get the definite jump points in the moving series. The results show that the climatic jumps in the area occurred in the 1890s, the 1910s and the 1920s, and mostly in the 1920s, which suggests that the local climatic jumps in North China have a simultaneous response to the global warming in the hundred-year scales. Key words Climatic jump - New diagnostic statistics - Synthetic jump index - Response to global warming This Study was supported by the “ National Key Programme for Developing Basic Sciences” G1998040901-1.
文摘Background： The Composite International Diagnostic Interview-3.0 （CIDI-3.0） is a fully structured lay-administered diagnostic interview for the assessment of mental disorders according to ICD-10 and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition （DSM-IV） criteria. The aim of the study was to investigate the concurrent validity of the Chinese CIDI in diagnosing mental disorders in psychiatric settings. Methods： We recruited 208 participants, of whom 148 were patients from two psychiatric hospitals and 60 healthy people from communities. These participants were administered with CIDI by six trained lay interviewers and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders （SCID-I, gold standard） by two psychiatrists. Agreement between CIDI and SCID-I was assessed with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. Individual-level CIDI-SCID diagnostic concordance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve and Cohen＇s K. Results： Substantial to excellent CIDI to SCID concordance was found for any substance use disorder （area under the receiver operator characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.926）, any anxiety disorder （AUC = 0.807） and any mood disorder （AUC = 0.806）. The concordance between the CIDI and the SCID for psychotic and eating disorders is moderate. However, for individual mental disorders, the CIDI-SCID concordance for bipolar disorders （AUC = 0.55） and anorexia nervosa （AUC = 0.50） was insufficient. Conclusions： Overall, the Chinese version of ClDI-3.0 has acceptable validity in diagnosing the substance use disorder, anxiety disorder and mood disorder among Chinese adult population. However, we should be cautious when using it for bipolar disorders and anorexia nervosa.
文摘【目的】比较美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder,th ed,DSM-Ⅳ)和中国精神障碍分类及诊断标准(Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders,Third Edition,CCMD-3)在诊断注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit and hyperactive disorder,ADHD)上的异同。【方法】以172例由高年资精神科医生诊断为ADHD的门诊患儿为研究对象,由家长填写由两个诊断标准制成的量表,按照两个诊断标准对患儿进行诊断和分型。【结果】172例患者中,162例符合DSM-Ⅳ诊断标准,而所有样本均符合CCMD-3诊断标准;对同时符合两个诊断标准的注意缺陷为主型或混合型的156例患儿进行两量表分型的吻合度检验显示中等吻合度(Kappa=0.587),McNemar检验显示两个诊断分型的差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);对两个量表注意缺陷为主型和混合型的构成比比较显示CCMD-3中混合型的构成比高于DSM-Ⅳ(P=0.023);CCMD-3的条目阳性率比DSM-Ⅳ高,两者均在学习问题描述的条目阳性率高。【结论】CCMD-3较DSM-Ⅳ在诊断ADHD上更为宽松,且更多的将患儿判定为混合型;就诊患儿中注意缺陷症状较多动冲动症状更为明显。
基金supported in part by the Institute for Basic Science(to HP)No.IBS-R015-D1
文摘Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（ADHD） is a pervasive psychiatric disorder that affects both children and adults. Adult male and female patients with ADHD are differentially affected, but few studies have explored the differences. The purpose of this study was to quantify differences between adult male and female patients with ADHD based on neuroimaging and connectivity analysis. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained and preprocessed in 82 patients. Group-wise differences between male and female patients were quantified using degree centrality for different brain regions. The medial-, middle-, and inferior-frontal gyrus, superior parietal lobule, precuneus, supramarginal gyrus, superior- and middle-temporal gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, and cuneus were identified as regions with significant group-wise differences. The identified regions were correlated with clinical scores reflecting depression and anxiety and significant correlations were found. Adult ADHD patients exhibit different levels of depression and anxiety depending on sex, and our study provides insight into how changes in brain circuitry might differentially impact male and female ADHD patients.
