Aim： To study the clinical effects of a disposable circumcision device in treatment of male patients of different ages with either phimosis or excess foreskin. Methods： One thousand two hundred patients between the ...Aim： To study the clinical effects of a disposable circumcision device in treatment of male patients of different ages with either phimosis or excess foreskin. Methods： One thousand two hundred patients between the age of 5 and 95 years underwent circumcision using this procedure in the 2-year period between October 2005 and September 2007. Of these cases, 904 had excess foreskin and 296 were cases of phimosis. Results： In 96.33% of the cases the incision healed, leaving a minimal amount of the inner foreskin with no scarring and producing good cosmetic results. There were no incidents of device dislocation or damage to the frenulum. The average operative time was 2.5 min for excess foreskin, and 3.5 min for phimosis. During the 7 days of wearing the device, mild to moderate edema occurred in 10.08 % of cases with excess foreskin and in 2.58 % of those with phimosis. Edema in the frenulum was seen in 1.67% of patients, and only 0.67% had an infection of the incision. A total of 86.25% of patients reported pain due to penile erection. After removal of the device, 0.58% of the cases had minimal bleeding around the incision, and 2.42% had wound dehiscence. Conclusion： The new device can be applied to an overwhelming majority of patients with phimosis and excess foreskin. This technique is relatively simple to perform, and patients who underwent this surgery had very few complications. Antibiotics were not required and patients reported less pain than those who were circumcised using conventional methods. Circumcision with this device requires minimal tissue manipulation, and is quicker and safer than circumcision using conventional techniques.展开更多
Portable electronic devices(PEDs)are promising information-exchange platforms for real-time responses.Their performance is becoming more and more sensitive to energy consumption.Rechargeable batteries are the primary ...Portable electronic devices(PEDs)are promising information-exchange platforms for real-time responses.Their performance is becoming more and more sensitive to energy consumption.Rechargeable batteries are the primary energy source of PEDs and hold the key to guarantee their desired performance stability.With the remarkable progress in battery technologies,multifunctional PEDs have constantly been emerging to meet the requests of our daily life conveniently.The ongoing surge in demand for high-performance PEDs inspires the relentless pursuit of even more powerful rechargeable battery systems in turn.In this review,we present how battery technologies contribute to the fast rise of PEDs in the last decades.First,a comprehensive overview of historical advances in PEDs is outlined.Next,four types of representative rechargeable batteries and their impacts on the practical development of PEDs are described comprehensively.The development trends toward a new generation of batteries and the future research focuses are also presented.展开更多
Graphene has many unique properties that make it an ideal material for fundamental studies as well as for potential applications.Here we review recent results on the Raman spectroscopy and imaging of graphene.We show ...Graphene has many unique properties that make it an ideal material for fundamental studies as well as for potential applications.Here we review recent results on the Raman spectroscopy and imaging of graphene.We show that Raman spectroscopy and imaging can be used as a quick and unambiguous method to determine the number of graphene layers.The strong Raman signal of single layer graphene compared to graphite is explained by an interference enhancement model.We have also studied the effect of substrates,the top layer deposition,the annealing process,as well as folding(stacking order)on the physical and electronic properties of graphene.Finally,Raman spectroscopy of epitaxial graphene grown on a SiC substrate is presented and strong compressive strain on epitaxial graphene is observed.The results presented here are highly relevant to the application of graphene in nano-electronic devices and help in developing a better understanding of the physical and electronic properties of graphene.展开更多
In our experience patients undergoing circumcision are mostly concerned about pain and penile appearances. We conducted a prospective randomized trial to assess the benefits of a new disposable circumcision suture dev...In our experience patients undergoing circumcision are mostly concerned about pain and penile appearances. We conducted a prospective randomized trial to assess the benefits of a new disposable circumcision suture device （DCSD）. A total of 942 patients were equally divided into three groups （conventional circumcision, Shang ring and disposable suture device group）. Patients in the DCSD group were anesthetized with compound 5% lidocaine cream, the others with a 2% lidocaine penile block. Operation time, intra-operative blood loss, incision healing time, intra-operative and post-operative pain, the penile appearance and overall satisfaction degree were measured. Operation time and intra-operative blood loss were significantly lower in the Shang ring and suture device groups compared to the conventional group （P 〈 0.001）. Intra-operative pain was less in the suture device group compared With the other two groups （P 〈 0.001）; whereas post-operative pain was higher in the conventional group compared to the other two groups （P 〈 0.001）. Patients in the suture device （80.57%） and Shang ring （73,57%） groups were more satisfied with penile appearances compared with the conventional circumcision group （20.06%, P 〈 0.05）. Patients in suture device group also healed markedly faster than the conventional group （P 〈 0.01）. The overall satisfaction rate was better in the suture device group （78.66%） compared with the conventional （47.13%） and Shang ring （50.00%） groups （P 〈 0.05）. The combination of DCSD and lidocaine cream resulted in shorter operation and incision healing times, reduced intra-operative and post-operative pain and improved patient satisfaction with the cosmetic appearances.展开更多
In 2019,cardiovascular disease(CVD)accounted for 46.74%and 44.26%of all deaths in rural and urban areas,respectively.Two out of every five deaths were due to CVD.It is estimated that about 330 million patients suffer ...In 2019,cardiovascular disease(CVD)accounted for 46.74%and 44.26%of all deaths in rural and urban areas,respectively.Two out of every five deaths were due to CVD.It is estimated that about 330 million patients suffer from CVD in China.The number of patients suffering from stroke,coronary heart disease,heart failure,pulmonary heart disease,atrial fibrillation,rheumatic heart disease,congenital heart disease,lower extremity artery disease and hypertension are 13.00 million,11.39 million,8.90 million,5.00 million,4.87 million,2.50 million,2.00 million,45.30 million,and 245.00 million,respectively.Given that China is challenged by the dual pressures of population aging and steady rise in the prevalence of metabolic risk factors,the burden caused by CVD will continue to increase,which has set new requirements for CVD prevention and treatment and the allocation of medical resources in China.It is important to reduce the prevalence through primary prevention,increase the allocation of medical resources for CVD emergency and critical care,and provide rehabilitation services and secondary prevention to reduce the risk of recurrence,re-hospitalization and disability in CVD survivors.The number of people suffering from hypertension,dyslipidemia and diabetes in China has reached hundreds of millions.Since blood pressure,blood lipids,and blood glucose levels rise mostly insidiously,vascular disease or even serious events such as myocardial infarction and stroke often already occured at the time of detection in this population.Hence,more strategies and tasks should be taken to prevent risk factors such as hypertension,dyslipidemia,diabetes,obesity,and smoking,and more efforts should be made in the assessment of cardiovascular health status and the prevention,treatment,and research of early pathological changes.展开更多
This paper describes the fundamentals of phase-only liquid crystal on silicon(LCOS)technology,which have not been previously discussed in detail.This technology is widely utilized in high efficiency applications for r...This paper describes the fundamentals of phase-only liquid crystal on silicon(LCOS)technology,which have not been previously discussed in detail.This technology is widely utilized in high efficiency applications for real-time holography and diffractive optics.The paper begins with a brief introduction on the developmental trajectory of phase-only LCOS technology,followed by the correct selection of liquid crystal(LC)materials and corresponding electro-optic effects in such devices.Attention is focused on the essential requirements of the physical aspects of the LC layer as well as the indispensable parameters for the response time of the device.Furthermore,the basic functionalities embedded in the complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS)silicon backplane for phase-only LCOS devices are illustrated,including two typical addressing schemes.Finally,the application of phase-only LCOS devices in real-time holography will be introduced in association with the use of cutting-edge computer-generated holograms.展开更多
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is now the most common endoscopic treatment in Japan for intramucosal gastrointestinal neoplasms (non-metastatic). ESD is an invasive endoscopic surgical procedure, requiring ex... Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is now the most common endoscopic treatment in Japan for intramucosal gastrointestinal neoplasms (non-metastatic). ESD is an invasive endoscopic surgical procedure, requiring extensive knowledge, skill, and specialized equipment. ESD starts with evaluation of the lesion, as accurate assessment of the depth and margin of the lesion is essential. The devices and strategies used in ESD vary, depending on the nature of the lesion. Prior to the procedure, the operator must be knowledgeable about the treatment strategy(ies), the device(s) to use, the electrocautery machine settings, the substances to inject, and other aspects. In addition, the operator must be able to manage complications, should they arise, including immediate recognition of the complication(s) and its treatment. Finally, in case the ESD treatment is not successful, the operator should be prepared to apply alternative treatments. Thus, adequate knowledge and training are essential to successfully perform ESD.展开更多
In recent years, the increasing penetration level of renewable generation and combined heat and power(CHP) technology in power systems is leading to significant changes in energy production and consumption patterns. A...In recent years, the increasing penetration level of renewable generation and combined heat and power(CHP) technology in power systems is leading to significant changes in energy production and consumption patterns. As a result, the integrated planning and optimal operation of a multi-carrier energy(MCE) system have aroused widespread concern for reasonable utilization of multiple energy resources and efficient accommodation of renewable energy sources. In this context, an integrated demand response(IDR) scheme is designed to coordinate the operation of power to gas(P2 G) devices, heat pumps,diversified storage devices and flexible loads within an extended modeling framework of energy hubs. Subsequently, the optimal dispatch of interconnected electricity,natural gas and heat systems is implemented considering the interactions among multiple energy carriers by utilizing the bi-level optimization method. Finally, the proposed method is demonstrated with a 4-bus multi-energy systemand a larger test case comprised of a revised IEEE 118-bus power system and a 20-bus Belgian natural gas system.展开更多
基金Acknowledgment The project （The Fundamental Researches of the Reproductive Health） was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （G1999055905, branch topic）.
文摘Aim： To study the clinical effects of a disposable circumcision device in treatment of male patients of different ages with either phimosis or excess foreskin. Methods： One thousand two hundred patients between the age of 5 and 95 years underwent circumcision using this procedure in the 2-year period between October 2005 and September 2007. Of these cases, 904 had excess foreskin and 296 were cases of phimosis. Results： In 96.33% of the cases the incision healed, leaving a minimal amount of the inner foreskin with no scarring and producing good cosmetic results. There were no incidents of device dislocation or damage to the frenulum. The average operative time was 2.5 min for excess foreskin, and 3.5 min for phimosis. During the 7 days of wearing the device, mild to moderate edema occurred in 10.08 % of cases with excess foreskin and in 2.58 % of those with phimosis. Edema in the frenulum was seen in 1.67% of patients, and only 0.67% had an infection of the incision. A total of 86.25% of patients reported pain due to penile erection. After removal of the device, 0.58% of the cases had minimal bleeding around the incision, and 2.42% had wound dehiscence. Conclusion： The new device can be applied to an overwhelming majority of patients with phimosis and excess foreskin. This technique is relatively simple to perform, and patients who underwent this surgery had very few complications. Antibiotics were not required and patients reported less pain than those who were circumcised using conventional methods. Circumcision with this device requires minimal tissue manipulation, and is quicker and safer than circumcision using conventional techniques.
基金This work was supported by National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFA0202500 and 2015CB932500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21676160,51602107,21776019,21825501,21808124,and U1801257)+3 种基金the Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program,the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2017M620049)the Tip-top Scientific and Technical Innovative Youth Talents of Guangdong Special Support Program(2017TQ04C419)Y.Chen thanks funding support from Australian Research Council under the Future Fellowships scheme(FT160100107)Discovery Programme(DP180102210).
文摘Portable electronic devices(PEDs)are promising information-exchange platforms for real-time responses.Their performance is becoming more and more sensitive to energy consumption.Rechargeable batteries are the primary energy source of PEDs and hold the key to guarantee their desired performance stability.With the remarkable progress in battery technologies,multifunctional PEDs have constantly been emerging to meet the requests of our daily life conveniently.The ongoing surge in demand for high-performance PEDs inspires the relentless pursuit of even more powerful rechargeable battery systems in turn.In this review,we present how battery technologies contribute to the fast rise of PEDs in the last decades.First,a comprehensive overview of historical advances in PEDs is outlined.Next,four types of representative rechargeable batteries and their impacts on the practical development of PEDs are described comprehensively.The development trends toward a new generation of batteries and the future research focuses are also presented.
文摘Graphene has many unique properties that make it an ideal material for fundamental studies as well as for potential applications.Here we review recent results on the Raman spectroscopy and imaging of graphene.We show that Raman spectroscopy and imaging can be used as a quick and unambiguous method to determine the number of graphene layers.The strong Raman signal of single layer graphene compared to graphite is explained by an interference enhancement model.We have also studied the effect of substrates,the top layer deposition,the annealing process,as well as folding(stacking order)on the physical and electronic properties of graphene.Finally,Raman spectroscopy of epitaxial graphene grown on a SiC substrate is presented and strong compressive strain on epitaxial graphene is observed.The results presented here are highly relevant to the application of graphene in nano-electronic devices and help in developing a better understanding of the physical and electronic properties of graphene.
文摘In our experience patients undergoing circumcision are mostly concerned about pain and penile appearances. We conducted a prospective randomized trial to assess the benefits of a new disposable circumcision suture device （DCSD）. A total of 942 patients were equally divided into three groups （conventional circumcision, Shang ring and disposable suture device group）. Patients in the DCSD group were anesthetized with compound 5% lidocaine cream, the others with a 2% lidocaine penile block. Operation time, intra-operative blood loss, incision healing time, intra-operative and post-operative pain, the penile appearance and overall satisfaction degree were measured. Operation time and intra-operative blood loss were significantly lower in the Shang ring and suture device groups compared to the conventional group （P 〈 0.001）. Intra-operative pain was less in the suture device group compared With the other two groups （P 〈 0.001）; whereas post-operative pain was higher in the conventional group compared to the other two groups （P 〈 0.001）. Patients in the suture device （80.57%） and Shang ring （73,57%） groups were more satisfied with penile appearances compared with the conventional circumcision group （20.06%, P 〈 0.05）. Patients in suture device group also healed markedly faster than the conventional group （P 〈 0.01）. The overall satisfaction rate was better in the suture device group （78.66%） compared with the conventional （47.13%） and Shang ring （50.00%） groups （P 〈 0.05）. The combination of DCSD and lidocaine cream resulted in shorter operation and incision healing times, reduced intra-operative and post-operative pain and improved patient satisfaction with the cosmetic appearances.
文摘In 2019,cardiovascular disease(CVD)accounted for 46.74%and 44.26%of all deaths in rural and urban areas,respectively.Two out of every five deaths were due to CVD.It is estimated that about 330 million patients suffer from CVD in China.The number of patients suffering from stroke,coronary heart disease,heart failure,pulmonary heart disease,atrial fibrillation,rheumatic heart disease,congenital heart disease,lower extremity artery disease and hypertension are 13.00 million,11.39 million,8.90 million,5.00 million,4.87 million,2.50 million,2.00 million,45.30 million,and 245.00 million,respectively.Given that China is challenged by the dual pressures of population aging and steady rise in the prevalence of metabolic risk factors,the burden caused by CVD will continue to increase,which has set new requirements for CVD prevention and treatment and the allocation of medical resources in China.It is important to reduce the prevalence through primary prevention,increase the allocation of medical resources for CVD emergency and critical care,and provide rehabilitation services and secondary prevention to reduce the risk of recurrence,re-hospitalization and disability in CVD survivors.The number of people suffering from hypertension,dyslipidemia and diabetes in China has reached hundreds of millions.Since blood pressure,blood lipids,and blood glucose levels rise mostly insidiously,vascular disease or even serious events such as myocardial infarction and stroke often already occured at the time of detection in this population.Hence,more strategies and tasks should be taken to prevent risk factors such as hypertension,dyslipidemia,diabetes,obesity,and smoking,and more efforts should be made in the assessment of cardiovascular health status and the prevention,treatment,and research of early pathological changes.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61307077)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(4144076)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2013M530613)This work was also supported by an EPSRC Platform Grant for LC Photonics(EP/F00897X/1).
文摘This paper describes the fundamentals of phase-only liquid crystal on silicon(LCOS)technology,which have not been previously discussed in detail.This technology is widely utilized in high efficiency applications for real-time holography and diffractive optics.The paper begins with a brief introduction on the developmental trajectory of phase-only LCOS technology,followed by the correct selection of liquid crystal(LC)materials and corresponding electro-optic effects in such devices.Attention is focused on the essential requirements of the physical aspects of the LC layer as well as the indispensable parameters for the response time of the device.Furthermore,the basic functionalities embedded in the complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS)silicon backplane for phase-only LCOS devices are illustrated,including two typical addressing schemes.Finally,the application of phase-only LCOS devices in real-time holography will be introduced in association with the use of cutting-edge computer-generated holograms.
文摘 Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is now the most common endoscopic treatment in Japan for intramucosal gastrointestinal neoplasms (non-metastatic). ESD is an invasive endoscopic surgical procedure, requiring extensive knowledge, skill, and specialized equipment. ESD starts with evaluation of the lesion, as accurate assessment of the depth and margin of the lesion is essential. The devices and strategies used in ESD vary, depending on the nature of the lesion. Prior to the procedure, the operator must be knowledgeable about the treatment strategy(ies), the device(s) to use, the electrocautery machine settings, the substances to inject, and other aspects. In addition, the operator must be able to manage complications, should they arise, including immediate recognition of the complication(s) and its treatment. Finally, in case the ESD treatment is not successful, the operator should be prepared to apply alternative treatments. Thus, adequate knowledge and training are essential to successfully perform ESD.
文摘In recent years, the increasing penetration level of renewable generation and combined heat and power(CHP) technology in power systems is leading to significant changes in energy production and consumption patterns. As a result, the integrated planning and optimal operation of a multi-carrier energy(MCE) system have aroused widespread concern for reasonable utilization of multiple energy resources and efficient accommodation of renewable energy sources. In this context, an integrated demand response(IDR) scheme is designed to coordinate the operation of power to gas(P2 G) devices, heat pumps,diversified storage devices and flexible loads within an extended modeling framework of energy hubs. Subsequently, the optimal dispatch of interconnected electricity,natural gas and heat systems is implemented considering the interactions among multiple energy carriers by utilizing the bi-level optimization method. Finally, the proposed method is demonstrated with a 4-bus multi-energy systemand a larger test case comprised of a revised IEEE 118-bus power system and a 20-bus Belgian natural gas system.
