设置模拟氮沉降的控制试验,以NH4NO3作为外加氮源,设计CK(0 kg N hm-2·a-1)、LN(50 kg N hm-2·a-1)、MN(100 kgN hm-2·a-1)、HN(150 kg N hm-2·a-1)4个处理,历时9个月,测定木荷(Schima superba)幼苗的光合特性、生...设置模拟氮沉降的控制试验,以NH4NO3作为外加氮源,设计CK(0 kg N hm-2·a-1)、LN(50 kg N hm-2·a-1)、MN(100 kgN hm-2·a-1)、HN(150 kg N hm-2·a-1)4个处理,历时9个月,测定木荷(Schima superba)幼苗的光合特性、生物量和C、N、P含量及其分配格局对氮沉降的响应。结果表明:(1)木荷幼苗的最大净光合速率和光饱和点随着氮处理水平增加呈先增加后减小的特点,在中氮处理下极显著增加(P<0.01)。氮处理降低了幼苗的光补偿点和暗呼吸速率,光补偿点在低氮处理下显著降低(P<0.05),暗呼吸速率在低中氮处理下极显著降低(P<0.01),高氮处理下显著降低(P<0.05)。未见氮处理对表观量子效率产生显著影响。(2)氮处理促进了木荷的全株生物量以及各部分生物量的增长。随着氮处理水平的增加,叶重比呈升高的趋势,而根重比和根冠比呈降低的趋势,在高氮处理下叶重比的增加和根重比、根冠比的降低都达到了显著水平(P<0.05)。(3)氮沉降促进各器官N含量的增加,在高氮处理下根和茎中N含量极显著增加(P<0.01),叶中N含量显著增加(P<0.05)。而各器官C含量随着氮沉降程度的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,在中氮处理下根和茎中C含量极显著增加(P<0.01),叶中C含量显著增加(P<0.05)。但各器官P含量变化趋势各不相同,随着氮的增加,根中P含量是呈先增加后降低的趋势,而茎和叶中P含量是呈降低的趋势。氮沉降一定程度上降低了木荷各器官的C/N比值而增加了N/P比值。展开更多
In recent years,unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)for plant protection have achieved rapid development in China.In order to test and evaluate the performances of pesticides application and development status of UAVs in Ch...In recent years,unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)for plant protection have achieved rapid development in China.In order to test and evaluate the performances of pesticides application and development status of UAVs in China,four typical UAV models were selected to test the spraying coverage,penetrability,droplets density and the work efficiency.The results showed that the deposition and spraying liquid coverage were inconsistent both in lateral and longitudinal direction.Under the condition of the similar amount of spray volume and operation parameters,the volume median diameter(VMD)of the droplet was negatively correlated with the coverage density.The failure of the UAVs for plant protection mainly took up on the blockage of nozzle,transfusion tube and the liquid pump.The failure rate of UAVs took up 3.73%-4.36%of the total working time.The operation of UAVs during ground service took up 50%of the total working time,the preparation work took up 10%,and the route planning took up around 10%,while net operation time only took up around 30%.On the whole,the high efficiency of UAV was not fully achieved;the daily operated area was not in a satisfactory level now.The spraying performances of UAVs still need further improvement.展开更多
In order to explore the spatial pesticide spraying deposition distribution,the downwash flow field characteristics for unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)pesticide application with accurate flight height and velocity and the...In order to explore the spatial pesticide spraying deposition distribution,the downwash flow field characteristics for unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)pesticide application with accurate flight height and velocity and the relationship of these two aspects,a novel measurement method was proposed in this paper.A model‘3WQF80-10’single-rotor diesel UAV was tested using this method in wheat field and the effects of flight direction,flight parameters and crosswind on the distribution of spatial spraying deposition quality balance(SSDQB)and the downwash flow field distribution were researched.A cuboid aluminum sampling frame of spatial spraying deposition quality balance(SFSSDQB)with monofilament wires was made for collecting the droplets in four directions,and a set of multi-channel micro-meteorology measurement system(MMMS)was applied for measuring the downwash wind speed in three directions.Besides,BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BNSS)was used for controlling and recording the working height,velocity and track of this model of single-rotor UAV.The results showed the distribution of the spatial spray deposition and the downwash flow field of UAV could be measured effectively at exact flight height and velocity via this method.When the average wind speed was 0.9 m/s,the average temperature was 31.5℃ and the average relative humidity was 34.1%,and the average distribution ratios of spraying deposition for model‘3WQF80-10’UAV on the upwind part,the top part,the downwind part and the bottom part were 4.4%,2.3%,50.4%and 43.7%,respectively.The flight directions of forward and backward had an impact on droplet deposition distribution and the working effect of flying backwards,with 60%of deposition ratio of the bottom part of the SFSSDQB,was better than flying forward.There was a linear negative correlation between the coefficient of variation(CV)of the bottom part and the flight height and the coefficient of determination was 0.9178,which means that the deposition distribution becomes more uniform with the increase展开更多
文摘设置模拟氮沉降的控制试验,以NH4NO3作为外加氮源,设计CK(0 kg N hm-2·a-1)、LN(50 kg N hm-2·a-1)、MN(100 kgN hm-2·a-1)、HN(150 kg N hm-2·a-1)4个处理,历时9个月,测定木荷(Schima superba)幼苗的光合特性、生物量和C、N、P含量及其分配格局对氮沉降的响应。结果表明:(1)木荷幼苗的最大净光合速率和光饱和点随着氮处理水平增加呈先增加后减小的特点,在中氮处理下极显著增加(P<0.01)。氮处理降低了幼苗的光补偿点和暗呼吸速率,光补偿点在低氮处理下显著降低(P<0.05),暗呼吸速率在低中氮处理下极显著降低(P<0.01),高氮处理下显著降低(P<0.05)。未见氮处理对表观量子效率产生显著影响。(2)氮处理促进了木荷的全株生物量以及各部分生物量的增长。随着氮处理水平的增加,叶重比呈升高的趋势,而根重比和根冠比呈降低的趋势,在高氮处理下叶重比的增加和根重比、根冠比的降低都达到了显著水平(P<0.05)。(3)氮沉降促进各器官N含量的增加,在高氮处理下根和茎中N含量极显著增加(P<0.01),叶中N含量显著增加(P<0.05)。而各器官C含量随着氮沉降程度的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,在中氮处理下根和茎中C含量极显著增加(P<0.01),叶中C含量显著增加(P<0.05)。但各器官P含量变化趋势各不相同,随着氮的增加,根中P含量是呈先增加后降低的趋势,而茎和叶中P含量是呈降低的趋势。氮沉降一定程度上降低了木荷各器官的C/N比值而增加了N/P比值。
基金supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201503130)the National Key Research and Development Plan(Grant No.2016YFD0200700)+1 种基金National Science Fund Projects(31470099)Beijing Science and Technology Plan Projects(No.D171100002317003).
文摘In recent years,unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)for plant protection have achieved rapid development in China.In order to test and evaluate the performances of pesticides application and development status of UAVs in China,four typical UAV models were selected to test the spraying coverage,penetrability,droplets density and the work efficiency.The results showed that the deposition and spraying liquid coverage were inconsistent both in lateral and longitudinal direction.Under the condition of the similar amount of spray volume and operation parameters,the volume median diameter(VMD)of the droplet was negatively correlated with the coverage density.The failure of the UAVs for plant protection mainly took up on the blockage of nozzle,transfusion tube and the liquid pump.The failure rate of UAVs took up 3.73%-4.36%of the total working time.The operation of UAVs during ground service took up 50%of the total working time,the preparation work took up 10%,and the route planning took up around 10%,while net operation time only took up around 30%.On the whole,the high efficiency of UAV was not fully achieved;the daily operated area was not in a satisfactory level now.The spraying performances of UAVs still need further improvement.
基金supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201503130)National Science Fund Projects(31470099).
文摘In order to explore the spatial pesticide spraying deposition distribution,the downwash flow field characteristics for unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)pesticide application with accurate flight height and velocity and the relationship of these two aspects,a novel measurement method was proposed in this paper.A model‘3WQF80-10’single-rotor diesel UAV was tested using this method in wheat field and the effects of flight direction,flight parameters and crosswind on the distribution of spatial spraying deposition quality balance(SSDQB)and the downwash flow field distribution were researched.A cuboid aluminum sampling frame of spatial spraying deposition quality balance(SFSSDQB)with monofilament wires was made for collecting the droplets in four directions,and a set of multi-channel micro-meteorology measurement system(MMMS)was applied for measuring the downwash wind speed in three directions.Besides,BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BNSS)was used for controlling and recording the working height,velocity and track of this model of single-rotor UAV.The results showed the distribution of the spatial spray deposition and the downwash flow field of UAV could be measured effectively at exact flight height and velocity via this method.When the average wind speed was 0.9 m/s,the average temperature was 31.5℃ and the average relative humidity was 34.1%,and the average distribution ratios of spraying deposition for model‘3WQF80-10’UAV on the upwind part,the top part,the downwind part and the bottom part were 4.4%,2.3%,50.4%and 43.7%,respectively.The flight directions of forward and backward had an impact on droplet deposition distribution and the working effect of flying backwards,with 60%of deposition ratio of the bottom part of the SFSSDQB,was better than flying forward.There was a linear negative correlation between the coefficient of variation(CV)of the bottom part and the flight height and the coefficient of determination was 0.9178,which means that the deposition distribution becomes more uniform with the increase
