Overuse of antibiotics has become a serious ecological problem worldwide. There is growing concern that antibiotics are losing their effectiveness due to an increased antibiotic resistance in bacteria. During the last...Overuse of antibiotics has become a serious ecological problem worldwide. There is growing concern that antibiotics are losing their effectiveness due to an increased antibiotic resistance in bacteria. During the last twenty years, consumption of antibiotics has increased rapidly in China, which has been cited as one of the world＇s worst abusers of antibiotics. This review summarizes the current state of antibiotic contamination in China＇s three major rivers （the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and Pearl River） and illustrates the occurrence and fate of antibiotics in conventional municipal wastewater treatment plants （VC-VVTPs）. The analytical data indicate that traditional W-WTPs cannot completely remove these concerned pharmaceuticals, as seen in the large difference between the distribution coefficient （Kd） and the uneven removal efficiency of various types of antibiotics. Although constructed wetlands （CWs） offer a potential way to remove these antibiotics from water supplies, knowledge of their mechanisms is limited. There are four main factors affecting the performance of CWs used for the treatment of antibiotics in water supplies, the types and configurations of CWs, hydraulic load rates, substrates, and plants and microorganisms. Further researches focusing on these factors are needed to improve the removal efficiency of antibiotics in CWs.展开更多
以酸提大豆多糖为原料,通过控制降解条件得到4种不同分子量的大豆多糖样品,分子量分别为550,347,285和21 k Da。对4种多糖进行了傅里叶红外(FT-IR)分析和X射线衍射(XRD)分析,并分别测定了4种多糖对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基的清除能力以...以酸提大豆多糖为原料,通过控制降解条件得到4种不同分子量的大豆多糖样品,分子量分别为550,347,285和21 k Da。对4种多糖进行了傅里叶红外(FT-IR)分析和X射线衍射(XRD)分析,并分别测定了4种多糖对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基的清除能力以及还原能力的大小,结果表明:4种大豆多糖都有一定的抗氧化活性,但抗氧化活性高低有所不同,分子量为285 k Da的大豆多糖对自由基的清除能力最强,还原能力最强,分子量为21 k Da的大豆多糖对自由基的清除能力最弱,还原能力最弱。展开更多
AIM： To identify the role of herbal compound 861 （Cpd 861） in the regulation of mRNA expression of collagen synthesis- and degradation-related genes in human hepatic stellate cells （HSCs）. METHODS： mRNA levels o...AIM： To identify the role of herbal compound 861 （Cpd 861） in the regulation of mRNA expression of collagen synthesis- and degradation-related genes in human hepatic stellate cells （HSCs）. METHODS： mRNA levels of collagen types I and III, matrix metalloproteinase 1 （MMP-1）, matrix metalloproteinase 2 （MMP-2）, membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase （MT1-MMP）, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 （TIMP-1）, and transforming growth factor β1 （TGF-β1） in cultured-activated HSCs treated with Cpd 861 or interferon-γ, （IFN-γ,） were determined by real-time PCR. RESULTS： Both Cpd 861 and IFN-γ reduced the mRNA levels of collagen type Ⅲ, MMP-2 and TGF-β1. Moreover, Cpd 861 significantly enhanced the MMP-1 mRNA levels while down-regulated the TIMP-1 mRNA expression, increasing the ratio of MMP-1 to TIMP-1 to （6.3 ＋ 0.3）- fold compared to the control group. CONCLUSION： The anti-fibrosis function of Cpd 861 may be mediated by both decreased interstitial collagen sythesis by inhibiting the transcription of collagen type Ⅲ and TGF-β1 and increased degradation of these collagens by up-regulating MMP-1 and down-regulating TIMP-1 mRNA levels.展开更多
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment,China(No.2012ZX07101013-02)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(No.15KJB610011)+1 种基金Top-notch Academic Programs Project (TAPP) of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,Chinathe Priority Academic Program Development (PAPD) of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China
文摘Overuse of antibiotics has become a serious ecological problem worldwide. There is growing concern that antibiotics are losing their effectiveness due to an increased antibiotic resistance in bacteria. During the last twenty years, consumption of antibiotics has increased rapidly in China, which has been cited as one of the world＇s worst abusers of antibiotics. This review summarizes the current state of antibiotic contamination in China＇s three major rivers （the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and Pearl River） and illustrates the occurrence and fate of antibiotics in conventional municipal wastewater treatment plants （VC-VVTPs）. The analytical data indicate that traditional W-WTPs cannot completely remove these concerned pharmaceuticals, as seen in the large difference between the distribution coefficient （Kd） and the uneven removal efficiency of various types of antibiotics. Although constructed wetlands （CWs） offer a potential way to remove these antibiotics from water supplies, knowledge of their mechanisms is limited. There are four main factors affecting the performance of CWs used for the treatment of antibiotics in water supplies, the types and configurations of CWs, hydraulic load rates, substrates, and plants and microorganisms. Further researches focusing on these factors are needed to improve the removal efficiency of antibiotics in CWs.
文摘以酸提大豆多糖为原料,通过控制降解条件得到4种不同分子量的大豆多糖样品,分子量分别为550,347,285和21 k Da。对4种多糖进行了傅里叶红外(FT-IR)分析和X射线衍射(XRD)分析,并分别测定了4种多糖对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基的清除能力以及还原能力的大小,结果表明:4种大豆多糖都有一定的抗氧化活性,但抗氧化活性高低有所不同,分子量为285 k Da的大豆多糖对自由基的清除能力最强,还原能力最强,分子量为21 k Da的大豆多糖对自由基的清除能力最弱,还原能力最弱。
文摘AIM： To identify the role of herbal compound 861 （Cpd 861） in the regulation of mRNA expression of collagen synthesis- and degradation-related genes in human hepatic stellate cells （HSCs）. METHODS： mRNA levels of collagen types I and III, matrix metalloproteinase 1 （MMP-1）, matrix metalloproteinase 2 （MMP-2）, membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase （MT1-MMP）, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 （TIMP-1）, and transforming growth factor β1 （TGF-β1） in cultured-activated HSCs treated with Cpd 861 or interferon-γ, （IFN-γ,） were determined by real-time PCR. RESULTS： Both Cpd 861 and IFN-γ reduced the mRNA levels of collagen type Ⅲ, MMP-2 and TGF-β1. Moreover, Cpd 861 significantly enhanced the MMP-1 mRNA levels while down-regulated the TIMP-1 mRNA expression, increasing the ratio of MMP-1 to TIMP-1 to （6.3 ＋ 0.3）- fold compared to the control group. CONCLUSION： The anti-fibrosis function of Cpd 861 may be mediated by both decreased interstitial collagen sythesis by inhibiting the transcription of collagen type Ⅲ and TGF-β1 and increased degradation of these collagens by up-regulating MMP-1 and down-regulating TIMP-1 mRNA levels.
