Introduction: The Ho:YAG-Laser is categorized as a potentially dangerous lithotripsy device (DIN: Class 4) for perforation which is mainly caused by the photonic energy the laser emits. Long time complications like ur...Introduction: The Ho:YAG-Laser is categorized as a potentially dangerous lithotripsy device (DIN: Class 4) for perforation which is mainly caused by the photonic energy the laser emits. Long time complications like ureteral strictures seem to be directed by thermal and mechanical injury. In this study different energy settings a) are being investigated, a DJ (double J stent) is placed beside the laser to simulate a therapy of a forgotten stent with reduction of the lumen b) due to the volume exploitation of the DJ, and direct contact between the laser fiber and the DJ in the ureter c) is simulated during laser exposure. Materials and Methods: We used the Ho:YAG-laser (Vera PulseTM, Coherent, Santa Clara USA) with a 365 μm diameter laser fiber. The settings of the laser were 0.6 J and 1 J pulse energy with a frequency of 5 Hz. The experimental setup was closely aligned with the clinical situation. The tip of the thermometer was attached inside the catheter through a puncture. The laser fiber was guided by means of a rigid URS video device (11.5 Ch). We had four different settings for a), b) and c) during the measurement: 1) Distance of 0.5 cm between the laser and the thermometer;without irrigation, 2) Distance of 0.5 cm between the laser and the thermometer;with irrigation, 3) Distance of 1 cm between the laser and the thermometer;without irrigation, 4) Distance of 1 cm between the laser and the thermometer;with irrigation. Results: The temperature in an empty ureter rises approximately by 5°C, when the laser energy is increased from 0.6 J to 1 J. When a DJ is inserted in the artificial ureter there is surprisingly almost no difference in the maximum temperature between the lower energy level (0.6 J) and the high energy level (1 J). However the time needed to reach the maximum temperature is noticibly less when using high energy levels. The reduction involume based on the placement of the DJ leads to a higher maximum temperature for the low energy setting. The third setting with direct laser fiber contact with 展开更多
CELVIANO Grand Hybrid系列2015年10月13日,卡西欧CELVIANO Grand Hybrid系列发布会在上海浦东隆重举行,来自全国各地的乐界人士齐聚一堂。发布会现场发布了CELV IANO Grand Hybrid系列,这两款数码钢琴不仅是数码科技和三角钢琴的结晶,...CELVIANO Grand Hybrid系列2015年10月13日,卡西欧CELVIANO Grand Hybrid系列发布会在上海浦东隆重举行,来自全国各地的乐界人士齐聚一堂。发布会现场发布了CELV IANO Grand Hybrid系列,这两款数码钢琴不仅是数码科技和三角钢琴的结晶,更是卡西欧在数码乐器的创新和技术所上创造的一个跨乐章的突破!展开更多
Miko Da Hai is DJ at a Xi’an disco bar. At work, in his cool attire, the pulsing disco beat punctuated by his distinctive vocal commentary, he makes a striking impression. The job having come his way by chance, Miko ...Miko Da Hai is DJ at a Xi’an disco bar. At work, in his cool attire, the pulsing disco beat punctuated by his distinctive vocal commentary, he makes a striking impression. The job having come his way by chance, Miko is now a skilled and experienced DJ of eight years’ standing. This may展开更多
文摘Introduction: The Ho:YAG-Laser is categorized as a potentially dangerous lithotripsy device (DIN: Class 4) for perforation which is mainly caused by the photonic energy the laser emits. Long time complications like ureteral strictures seem to be directed by thermal and mechanical injury. In this study different energy settings a) are being investigated, a DJ (double J stent) is placed beside the laser to simulate a therapy of a forgotten stent with reduction of the lumen b) due to the volume exploitation of the DJ, and direct contact between the laser fiber and the DJ in the ureter c) is simulated during laser exposure. Materials and Methods: We used the Ho:YAG-laser (Vera PulseTM, Coherent, Santa Clara USA) with a 365 μm diameter laser fiber. The settings of the laser were 0.6 J and 1 J pulse energy with a frequency of 5 Hz. The experimental setup was closely aligned with the clinical situation. The tip of the thermometer was attached inside the catheter through a puncture. The laser fiber was guided by means of a rigid URS video device (11.5 Ch). We had four different settings for a), b) and c) during the measurement: 1) Distance of 0.5 cm between the laser and the thermometer;without irrigation, 2) Distance of 0.5 cm between the laser and the thermometer;with irrigation, 3) Distance of 1 cm between the laser and the thermometer;without irrigation, 4) Distance of 1 cm between the laser and the thermometer;with irrigation. Results: The temperature in an empty ureter rises approximately by 5°C, when the laser energy is increased from 0.6 J to 1 J. When a DJ is inserted in the artificial ureter there is surprisingly almost no difference in the maximum temperature between the lower energy level (0.6 J) and the high energy level (1 J). However the time needed to reach the maximum temperature is noticibly less when using high energy levels. The reduction involume based on the placement of the DJ leads to a higher maximum temperature for the low energy setting. The third setting with direct laser fiber contact with
文摘CELVIANO Grand Hybrid系列2015年10月13日,卡西欧CELVIANO Grand Hybrid系列发布会在上海浦东隆重举行,来自全国各地的乐界人士齐聚一堂。发布会现场发布了CELV IANO Grand Hybrid系列,这两款数码钢琴不仅是数码科技和三角钢琴的结晶,更是卡西欧在数码乐器的创新和技术所上创造的一个跨乐章的突破!
文摘Miko Da Hai is DJ at a Xi’an disco bar. At work, in his cool attire, the pulsing disco beat punctuated by his distinctive vocal commentary, he makes a striking impression. The job having come his way by chance, Miko is now a skilled and experienced DJ of eight years’ standing. This may
