目的:从社会心理学角度探讨中国西部地区男男性行为(men who have sex with men,MSM)人群保护动机因素对安全套使用相关行为的影响。方法:采用非概率抽样,选取中国西部的重庆、四川、广西3省市1 407名MSM为研究对象,以问卷调查的形式进...目的:从社会心理学角度探讨中国西部地区男男性行为(men who have sex with men,MSM)人群保护动机因素对安全套使用相关行为的影响。方法:采用非概率抽样,选取中国西部的重庆、四川、广西3省市1 407名MSM为研究对象,以问卷调查的形式进行调查。结果:最近6个月发生肛交行为时,仅412名MSM每次都使用安全套,安全套持续使用率为46.40%。Lo-gistic回归分析显示,地区、危险行为内部奖励、自我效能感与安全套使用关系密切。结论:根据影响中国西部地区MSM人群安全套使用的主要保护动机因素,积极开展自身教育和同伴教育,注重进行艾滋病知识和行为技能的教育和培训,有效提高安全套持续使用率,达到预防和控制艾滋病病毒感染和传播的目的。展开更多
Background：Human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） is spreading rapidly among men who have sex with men （MSM） in China.Anonymous questionnaires or direct interviews have been frequently used to study their behavior.Th...Background：Human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） is spreading rapidly among men who have sex with men （MSM） in China.Anonymous questionnaires or direct interviews have been frequently used to study their behavior.The aim of the study was to describe the behavioral risk profile of the MSM in Beijing using the randomized response techniques （RRTs）.Methods：A cross-sectional survey of sexual behavior among a sample of MSM was conducted in two HIV counseling and testing clinics in Beijing.The survey was carried out with an anonymous questionnaire containing sensitive questions on sexual behavior.To obtain the honest responses to the sensitive questions,three distinctive RRTs were used in the questionnaire：（1） Additive randomized response model for quantitative questions,（2） randomized response model for multiple choice questions,and （3） Simmons randomized response model for binomial questions.Formulae for the point estimate,variance,and confidence interval （CI） were provided for each specific model.Results：Using RRTs in a sample of 659 participants,the mean age at first homosexual encounter was estimated to be 21.7 years （95% CI：21.2-22.2）,and each had sex with about three （2.9,95% CI：2.4-3.4） male partners on average in the past month.The estimated rate for consistent condom use was 56.4% （95% CI：50.1-62.8%）.In addition,condom was estimated to be used among 80.0% （95% CI：74.1-85.9%） of the population during last anal sex with a male partner.Conclusions：Our study employed RRTs in a survey containing questions on sexual behavior among MSM,and the results showed that RRT might be a useful tool to obtain truthful feedback on sensitive information such as sexual behavior from the respondents,especially in traditional Chinese cultural settings.展开更多
The abundance of social networking platforms has increased the frequency and the availability for which individuals communicate with one another. The feasibility and accessibility to go online to find sexual partners ...The abundance of social networking platforms has increased the frequency and the availability for which individuals communicate with one another. The feasibility and accessibility to go online to find sexual partners pose opportunity for contracting sexually transmitted infections (STI) in the absence of safe sexual practices. Low condom use has been reported among young adults who seek sexual partners online. African American young adults have some of the highest rates of infection for certain STIs. In order to mitigate the incidence and prevalence of STIs in at-risk populations, sexually active young adults must use condoms consistently and correctly during sexual activities. The present study sought to uncover the heterogeneity within African American young adults regarding their online networking utilization, STI knowledge, and sexual risk behavior. African American young adults (N = 236), ages 18 - 23, completed private online survey administration. Using latent class analysis, three classes were identified: Social Network Communicators (43%;N = 101), Social Networking Daters (36%;N = 83), and Media Sharers (21%;N = 52). Social Networking Daters exhibited the highest probability of using online dating sites daily, low STI knowledge, and a zero probability of consistent condom use. All three groups exhibited relatively low STI knowledge. Furthermore, having a history of STI increased the likelihood of being classified into the Social Networking Daters class relative to the other classes. Findings highlight the need to capitalize upon online platforms for African American young adults who utilize online dating sites and other online environments.展开更多
Background As female sex workers （FSWs） were becoming the driving force behind the HIV epidemic in Central China, a project to promote condom use by FSWs was implemented from 2004 to 2009. In this study, we discusse...Background As female sex workers （FSWs） were becoming the driving force behind the HIV epidemic in Central China, a project to promote condom use by FSWs was implemented from 2004 to 2009. In this study, we discussed the evaluation of the project, the factors associated with condom use among FSWs within the Chinese context, and proposed suggestions for future interventions for FSWs in China. Methods Two surveys using structured questionnaires were conducted in 2004 and 2009. Data collected from the surveys were analyzed and guided by a behavior change framework. We reviewed relevant articles to supplement the information that was not able to be obtained from the surveys. Results In general, the HIV prevalence among FSWs remained low （less than 1%） in the 5 years. With a high coverage of interventions for all FSWs in Central China, the project yielded better outcomes than the national average over the same time period. The awareness about HIV and condom use grew dramatically during the project period. The four factors/ determinants that influence the behavior of FSWs using condoms are population characteristics, opportunity, ability, and motivation. Statistical model shows that the significant variables for using a condom are age, availability of services, HIV- related knowledge, and intention. Conclusions With a high coverage of interventions for FSWs, the project achieved its goals. The differences among workplaces of FSWs may serve as a symbol of their socioeconomic status, patterns of condom use, and therefore risks of acauirina HIV.展开更多
目的探讨女性性工作者（Female sex workers,FSWs）的个人特征、健康相关因素对计划行为理论（Theory of Planned Behavior,TPB）五要素的影响。方法运用TPB设计问卷,对2009年7月-2010年6月武汉市和随州市低档场所的FSWs进行面对面的问...目的探讨女性性工作者（Female sex workers,FSWs）的个人特征、健康相关因素对计划行为理论（Theory of Planned Behavior,TPB）五要素的影响。方法运用TPB设计问卷,对2009年7月-2010年6月武汉市和随州市低档场所的FSWs进行面对面的问卷调查,内容包括个人特征、健康相关因素及与安全套使用行为相关的TPB五要素;对TPB五要素情况与个人特征、健康相关因素进行χ^2检验,计算OR值。结果最近1个月商业性行为安全套使用率为74.93%（272/363）。与〉25岁年龄段比较,≤25岁的FSWs更倾向使用安全套,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=7.32,P=0.007）;与初中及以下文化程度比较,高中及以上文化程度的FSWs更倾向使用安全套,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=3.88,P=0.049）;与无其他工作经验的FSWs比较,有其他工作经验的FSWs更倾向于使用安全套,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=27.23,P〈0.000）;与从业时间〉1年比较,从业时间≤1年的FSWs在商业性性行为过程中更倾向于使用安全套,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=30.31,P〈0.000）,做过流产与未做过流产比较,近半年做过妇科检查与未妇科检查比较,抽血检查与未抽血比较,差异均有统计学意义（χ^2=23.58,P〈0.000;χ^2=6.94,P〈0.008;χ^2=32.19,P〈0.000）。文化程度（OR=2.92,95%CI=1.71~4.99）、是否有过其他工作经验（OR=5.76,95%CI=3.06~10.85）、从业时间（OR=0.19,95%CI=0.11~0.33）是知觉行为控制的影响因素,是否做过流产（OR=1.77,95%CI=1.11~2.82）、妇科检查（OR=6.26,95%CI=3.38~11.58）及抽血检查（OR=2.30,95%CI=1.38~3.83）与知觉行为控制之间呈相关性。结论个人特征及健康相关因素除直接作用于行为外,还会通过影响TPB的各要素间接作用于行为,在应用TPB理论进行该人群的安全套使用行为分析或制定干预措施时,应考虑研究对象的内部一致性。展开更多
目的研究湖北省不同档次场所暗娼(female sex workers,FSWs)安全套使用的影响因素。方法基于计划行为理论(theory of planned behavior,TPB)抽查湖北省六市的816名FSWs进行问卷调查,应用结构方程模型分析不同档次场所FSWs在商业性行为...目的研究湖北省不同档次场所暗娼(female sex workers,FSWs)安全套使用的影响因素。方法基于计划行为理论(theory of planned behavior,TPB)抽查湖北省六市的816名FSWs进行问卷调查,应用结构方程模型分析不同档次场所FSWs在商业性行为中安全套使用的影响因素。结果低档场所FSWs最近1次和最近1月商业性行为中安全套使用率均低于中高档场所FSWs(t=5.80,P<0.001)。不同场所FSWs的TPB评分差异有统计学意义,低档场所FSWs知觉行为控制评分(11.43±2.86)低于中高档场所FSWs(12.06±2.87)(t=3.07,P=0.002);但行为意图评分(5.47±1.11)高于中高档场所(5.20±1.15)(t=3.35,P=0.001)。知觉行为控制是低档场所FSWs使用安全套的最强影响因素(路径系数为0.55,P<0.001),而安全套使用意图是中高档场所FSWs使用安全套的最强影响因素(路径系数为0.33,P<0.001)。对于所有研究对象,安全套使用态度是安全套使用意图的最强影响因素(路径系数为0.49和0.42,P<0.001)。结论提高FSWs对安全套的使用态度是提高FSWs安全套使用意图的重要举措。对于低档场所FSWs,应提高知觉行为控制相关因素;对于高档场所FSWs,应提高其安全套使用意愿。展开更多
文摘目的:从社会心理学角度探讨中国西部地区男男性行为(men who have sex with men,MSM)人群保护动机因素对安全套使用相关行为的影响。方法:采用非概率抽样,选取中国西部的重庆、四川、广西3省市1 407名MSM为研究对象,以问卷调查的形式进行调查。结果:最近6个月发生肛交行为时,仅412名MSM每次都使用安全套,安全套持续使用率为46.40%。Lo-gistic回归分析显示,地区、危险行为内部奖励、自我效能感与安全套使用关系密切。结论:根据影响中国西部地区MSM人群安全套使用的主要保护动机因素,积极开展自身教育和同伴教育,注重进行艾滋病知识和行为技能的教育和培训,有效提高安全套持续使用率,达到预防和控制艾滋病病毒感染和传播的目的。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China，the Priority Academic Program Development (PAPD) of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘Background：Human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） is spreading rapidly among men who have sex with men （MSM） in China.Anonymous questionnaires or direct interviews have been frequently used to study their behavior.The aim of the study was to describe the behavioral risk profile of the MSM in Beijing using the randomized response techniques （RRTs）.Methods：A cross-sectional survey of sexual behavior among a sample of MSM was conducted in two HIV counseling and testing clinics in Beijing.The survey was carried out with an anonymous questionnaire containing sensitive questions on sexual behavior.To obtain the honest responses to the sensitive questions,three distinctive RRTs were used in the questionnaire：（1） Additive randomized response model for quantitative questions,（2） randomized response model for multiple choice questions,and （3） Simmons randomized response model for binomial questions.Formulae for the point estimate,variance,and confidence interval （CI） were provided for each specific model.Results：Using RRTs in a sample of 659 participants,the mean age at first homosexual encounter was estimated to be 21.7 years （95% CI：21.2-22.2）,and each had sex with about three （2.9,95% CI：2.4-3.4） male partners on average in the past month.The estimated rate for consistent condom use was 56.4% （95% CI：50.1-62.8%）.In addition,condom was estimated to be used among 80.0% （95% CI：74.1-85.9%） of the population during last anal sex with a male partner.Conclusions：Our study employed RRTs in a survey containing questions on sexual behavior among MSM,and the results showed that RRT might be a useful tool to obtain truthful feedback on sensitive information such as sexual behavior from the respondents,especially in traditional Chinese cultural settings.
文摘The abundance of social networking platforms has increased the frequency and the availability for which individuals communicate with one another. The feasibility and accessibility to go online to find sexual partners pose opportunity for contracting sexually transmitted infections (STI) in the absence of safe sexual practices. Low condom use has been reported among young adults who seek sexual partners online. African American young adults have some of the highest rates of infection for certain STIs. In order to mitigate the incidence and prevalence of STIs in at-risk populations, sexually active young adults must use condoms consistently and correctly during sexual activities. The present study sought to uncover the heterogeneity within African American young adults regarding their online networking utilization, STI knowledge, and sexual risk behavior. African American young adults (N = 236), ages 18 - 23, completed private online survey administration. Using latent class analysis, three classes were identified: Social Network Communicators (43%;N = 101), Social Networking Daters (36%;N = 83), and Media Sharers (21%;N = 52). Social Networking Daters exhibited the highest probability of using online dating sites daily, low STI knowledge, and a zero probability of consistent condom use. All three groups exhibited relatively low STI knowledge. Furthermore, having a history of STI increased the likelihood of being classified into the Social Networking Daters class relative to the other classes. Findings highlight the need to capitalize upon online platforms for African American young adults who utilize online dating sites and other online environments.
文摘Background As female sex workers （FSWs） were becoming the driving force behind the HIV epidemic in Central China, a project to promote condom use by FSWs was implemented from 2004 to 2009. In this study, we discussed the evaluation of the project, the factors associated with condom use among FSWs within the Chinese context, and proposed suggestions for future interventions for FSWs in China. Methods Two surveys using structured questionnaires were conducted in 2004 and 2009. Data collected from the surveys were analyzed and guided by a behavior change framework. We reviewed relevant articles to supplement the information that was not able to be obtained from the surveys. Results In general, the HIV prevalence among FSWs remained low （less than 1%） in the 5 years. With a high coverage of interventions for all FSWs in Central China, the project yielded better outcomes than the national average over the same time period. The awareness about HIV and condom use grew dramatically during the project period. The four factors/ determinants that influence the behavior of FSWs using condoms are population characteristics, opportunity, ability, and motivation. Statistical model shows that the significant variables for using a condom are age, availability of services, HIV- related knowledge, and intention. Conclusions With a high coverage of interventions for FSWs, the project achieved its goals. The differences among workplaces of FSWs may serve as a symbol of their socioeconomic status, patterns of condom use, and therefore risks of acauirina HIV.
文摘目的探讨女性性工作者（Female sex workers,FSWs）的个人特征、健康相关因素对计划行为理论（Theory of Planned Behavior,TPB）五要素的影响。方法运用TPB设计问卷,对2009年7月-2010年6月武汉市和随州市低档场所的FSWs进行面对面的问卷调查,内容包括个人特征、健康相关因素及与安全套使用行为相关的TPB五要素;对TPB五要素情况与个人特征、健康相关因素进行χ^2检验,计算OR值。结果最近1个月商业性行为安全套使用率为74.93%（272/363）。与〉25岁年龄段比较,≤25岁的FSWs更倾向使用安全套,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=7.32,P=0.007）;与初中及以下文化程度比较,高中及以上文化程度的FSWs更倾向使用安全套,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=3.88,P=0.049）;与无其他工作经验的FSWs比较,有其他工作经验的FSWs更倾向于使用安全套,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=27.23,P〈0.000）;与从业时间〉1年比较,从业时间≤1年的FSWs在商业性性行为过程中更倾向于使用安全套,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=30.31,P〈0.000）,做过流产与未做过流产比较,近半年做过妇科检查与未妇科检查比较,抽血检查与未抽血比较,差异均有统计学意义（χ^2=23.58,P〈0.000;χ^2=6.94,P〈0.008;χ^2=32.19,P〈0.000）。文化程度（OR=2.92,95%CI=1.71~4.99）、是否有过其他工作经验（OR=5.76,95%CI=3.06~10.85）、从业时间（OR=0.19,95%CI=0.11~0.33）是知觉行为控制的影响因素,是否做过流产（OR=1.77,95%CI=1.11~2.82）、妇科检查（OR=6.26,95%CI=3.38~11.58）及抽血检查（OR=2.30,95%CI=1.38~3.83）与知觉行为控制之间呈相关性。结论个人特征及健康相关因素除直接作用于行为外,还会通过影响TPB的各要素间接作用于行为,在应用TPB理论进行该人群的安全套使用行为分析或制定干预措施时,应考虑研究对象的内部一致性。
文摘目的研究湖北省不同档次场所暗娼(female sex workers,FSWs)安全套使用的影响因素。方法基于计划行为理论(theory of planned behavior,TPB)抽查湖北省六市的816名FSWs进行问卷调查,应用结构方程模型分析不同档次场所FSWs在商业性行为中安全套使用的影响因素。结果低档场所FSWs最近1次和最近1月商业性行为中安全套使用率均低于中高档场所FSWs(t=5.80,P<0.001)。不同场所FSWs的TPB评分差异有统计学意义,低档场所FSWs知觉行为控制评分(11.43±2.86)低于中高档场所FSWs(12.06±2.87)(t=3.07,P=0.002);但行为意图评分(5.47±1.11)高于中高档场所(5.20±1.15)(t=3.35,P=0.001)。知觉行为控制是低档场所FSWs使用安全套的最强影响因素(路径系数为0.55,P<0.001),而安全套使用意图是中高档场所FSWs使用安全套的最强影响因素(路径系数为0.33,P<0.001)。对于所有研究对象,安全套使用态度是安全套使用意图的最强影响因素(路径系数为0.49和0.42,P<0.001)。结论提高FSWs对安全套的使用态度是提高FSWs安全套使用意图的重要举措。对于低档场所FSWs,应提高知觉行为控制相关因素;对于高档场所FSWs,应提高其安全套使用意愿。
