C3 glomerulopathy is a disease including both dense deposit disease and C3 glomerulonephritis has an estimated prevalence of 2 to 3 per million. Originally, these pathologies were defined as glomerular pathology chara...C3 glomerulopathy is a disease including both dense deposit disease and C3 glomerulonephritis has an estimated prevalence of 2 to 3 per million. Originally, these pathologies were defined as glomerular pathology characterized by accumulation of C3 with absent or scanty immunoglobulin deposition. The keystone defect in both of these pathologies is the unregulated hyperactivity of alternative complement pathway. Specifically, in C3 glomerulopathy patients, there exists a prolongation of C3 cleavage which causes the uncontrolled alternative pathway activation. Many treatments have been investigated for treating C3 glomerulopathy to little or no avail, including calcineurin inhibitors, plasmapharesis, and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies. The next logical step is exploring the efficacy of anti-C5 monoclonal antibody therapy in C3 glomerulopathies to target the specific pathophysiology of this particular disease. Eculizumab is an anti-C5 monoclonal antibody that blocks the terminal step of complement activation. This drug has proven to be an effective treatment in other nephrologic pathologies that are caused by complement dysregulation. Here in this paper we discuss and present various case studies and clinical trials available that experiment with Eculizumab in patients with either dense deposit disease or C3 glomerulonephritis. In most of these patients, treatment with Eculizumab has demonstrated clinical and biochemical improvements in kidney function. These results provide encouraging evidence that suggest Eculizumab as a promising therapy for patients with C3 glomerulopathy and warrant that more extensive clinical trials can be designed as a next step.展开更多
SF_1是正常人精浆经Sephadex G 100分离后得到的第一组分。将正常人血清和杂种小鼠混合血清作为补体来源,每份血清均以SF_1处理为实验组,并设不加SF_1的自身对照组,从下列实验中分别观察SF_1对补体系统的影响:1.CH_(50)试验证明,SF_1能...SF_1是正常人精浆经Sephadex G 100分离后得到的第一组分。将正常人血清和杂种小鼠混合血清作为补体来源,每份血清均以SF_1处理为实验组,并设不加SF_1的自身对照组,从下列实验中分别观察SF_1对补体系统的影响:1.CH_(50)试验证明,SF_1能抑制人血清中总补体活性(P<0.01);2.SF_1能抑制人血清中补体的溶血作用,并随血清中加入SF_1剂量的增加而抑制作用增强;3.利用YC 花环试验证实SF_1可抑制补体替代途径的激活;4.SF_1不影响用单向琼脂扩散试验测定中C_3、C_4的量,证明SF_1没有影响C_3、C_4的抗原性。上述实验结果提示:SF_1在体外实验中能抑制补体的活性,表现于对补体经典途径和替代途径激活的抑制。展开更多
目的:探讨正常人血清(norm al hum an serum,NHS)补体杀伤小鼠N9小胶质细胞的机制,建立人补体攻膜复合物(sub lytic m embrane attack comp lex,sMAC)N9细胞亚溶破刺激模型。方法:用阻断补体活化途径的方法探讨N9细胞活化人补体系统的机...目的:探讨正常人血清(norm al hum an serum,NHS)补体杀伤小鼠N9小胶质细胞的机制,建立人补体攻膜复合物(sub lytic m embrane attack comp lex,sMAC)N9细胞亚溶破刺激模型。方法:用阻断补体活化途径的方法探讨N9细胞活化人补体系统的机制;采用微量补体反应性溶破法,以酵母多糖(Zymosan,Z)活化急性期病人血清制备补体优球蛋白C56,EDTA-NHS作为C7-C9的来源,组装N9细胞sMAC亚溶破模型;CCK-8比色实验确定sMAC亚溶破剂量;激光共聚焦鉴定sMAC沉积;脱落细胞计数及台盼蓝拒染法分别判定细胞黏附力变化及脱落细胞活力。结果:未致敏N9细胞可通过旁路途径直接活化人血清补体系统;当C56稀释度在1∶500以上,NHS(含1 mmol/L EDTA)稀释度为1∶20时,膜攻击复合物(m embrane attack comp lex,MAC)活性逐渐降低,细胞溶破减少,确定C56 1∶500,NHS 1∶20为N9细胞亚溶破补体量;激光共聚焦鉴定sMAC沉积于N9细胞表面;亚溶破剂量MAC刺激N9细胞后与对照组相比细胞脱落增加(P<0.05),而细胞活力正常。结论:探讨了小鼠N9细胞活化人补体的机制;通过建立N9细胞人补体sMAC亚溶破模型,证实sMAC刺激N9细胞后可降低细胞黏附力但不影响细胞活力;为sMAC对中枢神经系统小胶质细胞亚溶破刺激效应的深入研究提供了理论与实验基础。展开更多
文摘C3 glomerulopathy is a disease including both dense deposit disease and C3 glomerulonephritis has an estimated prevalence of 2 to 3 per million. Originally, these pathologies were defined as glomerular pathology characterized by accumulation of C3 with absent or scanty immunoglobulin deposition. The keystone defect in both of these pathologies is the unregulated hyperactivity of alternative complement pathway. Specifically, in C3 glomerulopathy patients, there exists a prolongation of C3 cleavage which causes the uncontrolled alternative pathway activation. Many treatments have been investigated for treating C3 glomerulopathy to little or no avail, including calcineurin inhibitors, plasmapharesis, and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies. The next logical step is exploring the efficacy of anti-C5 monoclonal antibody therapy in C3 glomerulopathies to target the specific pathophysiology of this particular disease. Eculizumab is an anti-C5 monoclonal antibody that blocks the terminal step of complement activation. This drug has proven to be an effective treatment in other nephrologic pathologies that are caused by complement dysregulation. Here in this paper we discuss and present various case studies and clinical trials available that experiment with Eculizumab in patients with either dense deposit disease or C3 glomerulonephritis. In most of these patients, treatment with Eculizumab has demonstrated clinical and biochemical improvements in kidney function. These results provide encouraging evidence that suggest Eculizumab as a promising therapy for patients with C3 glomerulopathy and warrant that more extensive clinical trials can be designed as a next step.
文摘SF_1是正常人精浆经Sephadex G 100分离后得到的第一组分。将正常人血清和杂种小鼠混合血清作为补体来源,每份血清均以SF_1处理为实验组,并设不加SF_1的自身对照组,从下列实验中分别观察SF_1对补体系统的影响:1.CH_(50)试验证明,SF_1能抑制人血清中总补体活性(P<0.01);2.SF_1能抑制人血清中补体的溶血作用,并随血清中加入SF_1剂量的增加而抑制作用增强;3.利用YC 花环试验证实SF_1可抑制补体替代途径的激活;4.SF_1不影响用单向琼脂扩散试验测定中C_3、C_4的量,证明SF_1没有影响C_3、C_4的抗原性。上述实验结果提示:SF_1在体外实验中能抑制补体的活性,表现于对补体经典途径和替代途径激活的抑制。
