为了了解并掌握马铃薯甲虫Leptinotarsa decem lineata(Say)在新疆的抗性水平及动态,为科学用药提供理论依据,利用点滴法测定了新疆北部马铃薯甲虫6个田间种群(乌鲁木齐、阜康、昌吉、阿勒泰、尼勒克和特克斯)的4龄幼虫对14种常规药剂...为了了解并掌握马铃薯甲虫Leptinotarsa decem lineata(Say)在新疆的抗性水平及动态,为科学用药提供理论依据,利用点滴法测定了新疆北部马铃薯甲虫6个田间种群(乌鲁木齐、阜康、昌吉、阿勒泰、尼勒克和特克斯)的4龄幼虫对14种常规药剂的敏感性,并测试了磷酸三苯酯(TPP)、顺丁烯二酸二乙酯(DEM)和氧化胡椒基丁醚(PBO)的增效作用。结果表明:与已报道的基线相比,特克斯种群对几种药剂都敏感,因此确定特克斯田间种群为敏感品系。与特克斯敏感品系相比,昌吉种群对三氟氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、克百威及丁硫克百威的抗性倍数分别为108.8,30,17.6和24.7,而尼勒克种群对这4种药剂的抗性倍数分别为29.4,42.5,10.1和89.9。此外,昌吉和阜康种群对高效氯氰菊酯也分别产生8.9和13.0倍的中等抗性。增效测定结果显示:对于尼勒克种群,PBO对三氟氯氰菊酯有明显增效作用;对于昌吉种群,PBO,TPP和DEM对克百威有明显增效作用。因此推断解毒酶活性增强可能是新疆马铃薯甲虫对三氟氯氰菊酯和克百威的抗性机制之一。由于增效作用不能完全消除抗性,因此新疆马铃薯甲虫的抗药性还可能涉及到其他机制。展开更多
The Colorado potato beetle （CPB）, Leptinotarsa decemlineata （Say）, is an infamous invasive species worldwide that aggressively attacks potato and other Solanaceae crops. CPB was first found in China in 1993 and ha...The Colorado potato beetle （CPB）, Leptinotarsa decemlineata （Say）, is an infamous invasive species worldwide that aggressively attacks potato and other Solanaceae crops. CPB was first found in China in 1993 and has since spread across 2.77 × 105 km2 in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. To better understand genetic variation and migration patterns, we used seven polymorphic microsatellite loci to elucidate the genetic relationships and gene flow among 10 CPB populations across Xinjiang. （i） Overall low levels of genetic diversity were detected on the entire population in Xinjiang but most of the diversity was retained among populations during invasion. （ii） The mean pairwise FST was low （0.071 ± 0.043） among populations. The genetic differentiation was little （pairwise FST 0.038 ± 0.016） between the five interior populations （Wusu, Urumqi, Jimsar, Qitai and Mulei） and Tacheng population. The six populations might come from the same genetic group via Bayesian clustering and were closely related on a neighbor-joining tree. Combining the history data, the five interior populations may have originated from Tacheng. （iii） Gene flow was frequent, especially among the five interior populations. Individuals from the interior populations could be assigned to Tacheng at higher probabilities （means 0.518 ± 0.127） than vice versa （means 0.328 ± 0.074）, suggesting that the beetle population has spread from the border to the interior in Xinjiang.展开更多
Colorado potato beetle （CPB; Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say, Coleoptera： Chrysomelidae） has shown a remarkable adaptability to a variety of control measures. Although oryzacystatin I and II （OCI and OCII） have pot...Colorado potato beetle （CPB; Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say, Coleoptera： Chrysomelidae） has shown a remarkable adaptability to a variety of control measures. Although oryzacystatin I and II （OCI and OCII） have potential in controlling pests that use cysteine proteinases for food digestion, expression of a single OC gene in potato exhibited a minimal or no effect on CPB fitness traits. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of coexpressed OCI and OCII in potato （Solanum tuberosum L.） cultivars Desiree, Draga6evka and Jelica on CPB larvae. Growth parameters, consumption rates and food utilization, as well as activity of proteases of CPB larvae were assayed. Second and third instar larvae fed on transformed leaves molted earlier and had higher relative growth and consumption rates than larvae fed on nontransformed leaves, while efficiency of food utilization was unaffected. In contrast, fourth instar maximum weight gain and amount of leaves consumed were about 20% lower for the larvae fed on transgenic potato. Analysis of total protease activity of third instar larvae revealed reduction in overall proteolytic activity measured by azocasein hydrolysis, accompanied with inhibition ofcysteine proteinase activity 24 h after ingestion of potato leaves expressing OCI and OCII. However, after long-term feeding on transformed leaves proteolytic activities of larvae became similar to the controls. Although feeding on OCI/OCII leaves did not affect larval survival, coexpression of OC genes reduced the development time and thus significantly decreased plant damage caused by CPB larvae.展开更多
文摘为了了解并掌握马铃薯甲虫Leptinotarsa decem lineata(Say)在新疆的抗性水平及动态,为科学用药提供理论依据,利用点滴法测定了新疆北部马铃薯甲虫6个田间种群(乌鲁木齐、阜康、昌吉、阿勒泰、尼勒克和特克斯)的4龄幼虫对14种常规药剂的敏感性,并测试了磷酸三苯酯(TPP)、顺丁烯二酸二乙酯(DEM)和氧化胡椒基丁醚(PBO)的增效作用。结果表明:与已报道的基线相比,特克斯种群对几种药剂都敏感,因此确定特克斯田间种群为敏感品系。与特克斯敏感品系相比,昌吉种群对三氟氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、克百威及丁硫克百威的抗性倍数分别为108.8,30,17.6和24.7,而尼勒克种群对这4种药剂的抗性倍数分别为29.4,42.5,10.1和89.9。此外,昌吉和阜康种群对高效氯氰菊酯也分别产生8.9和13.0倍的中等抗性。增效测定结果显示:对于尼勒克种群,PBO对三氟氯氰菊酯有明显增效作用;对于昌吉种群,PBO,TPP和DEM对克百威有明显增效作用。因此推断解毒酶活性增强可能是新疆马铃薯甲虫对三氟氯氰菊酯和克百威的抗性机制之一。由于增效作用不能完全消除抗性,因此新疆马铃薯甲虫的抗药性还可能涉及到其他机制。
基金We thank Mr. De-Cheng Ma, Mr. Ainiwaer and Ms. Li Jing at the plant protection station of Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region for their help during field collections. We are grateful to Mr. Xiao-Long Chen, Mr. Shou- Qi Zhao, Mr. Ya-Kun Song and Ms. Qin Meng from the National Agro-Technical Extension and Service Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China, for providing experi- mental instruments and research conditions. We express special thanks to Drs. Li Ren, Jing Xu and Zhi-Liang Wang of the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, for their help with field sampling and the experimental process. We also thank Qiao-Zhe Lou, Hong-Yu Zhu and Lei Du Lei for help with DNA manipulations and data analysis. This research was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences （Hundred Talents in 2010）, Ministry of Science and Technology （2009CB119204）, the Ministry of Agriculture （200903042）, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （31172130, J0930004） programs.
文摘The Colorado potato beetle （CPB）, Leptinotarsa decemlineata （Say）, is an infamous invasive species worldwide that aggressively attacks potato and other Solanaceae crops. CPB was first found in China in 1993 and has since spread across 2.77 × 105 km2 in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. To better understand genetic variation and migration patterns, we used seven polymorphic microsatellite loci to elucidate the genetic relationships and gene flow among 10 CPB populations across Xinjiang. （i） Overall low levels of genetic diversity were detected on the entire population in Xinjiang but most of the diversity was retained among populations during invasion. （ii） The mean pairwise FST was low （0.071 ± 0.043） among populations. The genetic differentiation was little （pairwise FST 0.038 ± 0.016） between the five interior populations （Wusu, Urumqi, Jimsar, Qitai and Mulei） and Tacheng population. The six populations might come from the same genetic group via Bayesian clustering and were closely related on a neighbor-joining tree. Combining the history data, the five interior populations may have originated from Tacheng. （iii） Gene flow was frequent, especially among the five interior populations. Individuals from the interior populations could be assigned to Tacheng at higher probabilities （means 0.518 ± 0.127） than vice versa （means 0.328 ± 0.074）, suggesting that the beetle population has spread from the border to the interior in Xinjiang.
文摘Colorado potato beetle （CPB; Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say, Coleoptera： Chrysomelidae） has shown a remarkable adaptability to a variety of control measures. Although oryzacystatin I and II （OCI and OCII） have potential in controlling pests that use cysteine proteinases for food digestion, expression of a single OC gene in potato exhibited a minimal or no effect on CPB fitness traits. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of coexpressed OCI and OCII in potato （Solanum tuberosum L.） cultivars Desiree, Draga6evka and Jelica on CPB larvae. Growth parameters, consumption rates and food utilization, as well as activity of proteases of CPB larvae were assayed. Second and third instar larvae fed on transformed leaves molted earlier and had higher relative growth and consumption rates than larvae fed on nontransformed leaves, while efficiency of food utilization was unaffected. In contrast, fourth instar maximum weight gain and amount of leaves consumed were about 20% lower for the larvae fed on transgenic potato. Analysis of total protease activity of third instar larvae revealed reduction in overall proteolytic activity measured by azocasein hydrolysis, accompanied with inhibition ofcysteine proteinase activity 24 h after ingestion of potato leaves expressing OCI and OCII. However, after long-term feeding on transformed leaves proteolytic activities of larvae became similar to the controls. Although feeding on OCI/OCII leaves did not affect larval survival, coexpression of OC genes reduced the development time and thus significantly decreased plant damage caused by CPB larvae.
