By virtue of the new technique of performing integration over Dirac＇s ket-bra operators, we ex- plore quantum optical version of classical optical transformations such as optical Fresnel transform, Hankel transform, ...By virtue of the new technique of performing integration over Dirac＇s ket-bra operators, we ex- plore quantum optical version of classical optical transformations such as optical Fresnel transform, Hankel transform, fractional Fourier transform, Wigner transform, wavelet transform and Fresnel- Hadmard combinatorial transform etc. In this way one may gain benefit for developing classical optics theory from the research in quantum optics, or vice-versa. We cannot only find some new quantum mechanical unitary operators which correspond to the known optical transformations, de- riving a new theorem for calculating quantum tomogram of density operators, but also can reveal some new classical optical transformations. For examples, we find the generalized Fresnel opera- tor （GFO） to correspond to the generalized Fresnel transform （GFT） in classical optics. We derive GFO＇s normal product form and its canonical coherent state representation and find that GFO is the loyal representation of symplectic group multiplication rule. We show that GFT is just the transformation matrix element of GFO in the coordinate representation such that two successive GFTs is still a GFT. The ABCD rule of the Gaussian beam propagation is directly demonstrated in the context of quantum optics. Especially, the introduction of quantum mechanical entangled state representations opens up a new area in finding new classical optical transformations. The complex wavelet transform and the condition of mother wavelet are studied in the context of quantum op- tics too. Throughout our discussions, the coherent state, the entangled state representation of the two-mode squeezing operators and the technique of integration within an ordered product （IWOP） of operators are fully used. All these have confirmed Dirac＇s assertion： ＂...for a quantum dynamic system that has a classical analogue, unitary transformation in the quantum theory is the analogue of contact transformation in the classical theory＂.展开更多
From the Gibbs free energy and the equations of two-phase equilibrium curves of the two-dimensionalbinary system which has the Lennard-Jones potential, using the Collins model, the eutectic-type phase diagram and thep...From the Gibbs free energy and the equations of two-phase equilibrium curves of the two-dimensionalbinary system which has the Lennard-Jones potential, using the Collins model, the eutectic-type phase diagram and theperitectic-type phase diagram of the binary system are obtained, whose results are quite similar to the behavior of thethree-dimensional (3D) substances.展开更多
The far-field propagation properties of conical double half-Gaussian hollow beams in the condition of Collins formula are studied. Because of the cone angle of this kind of hollow beams, the diffraction is compensated...The far-field propagation properties of conical double half-Gaussian hollow beams in the condition of Collins formula are studied. Because of the cone angle of this kind of hollow beams, the diffraction is compensated and the inner diameter is turning bigger by the rule of geometric optics as the propagation distance is increasing, whereas the degenerating diffraction phenomenon is turned out. The far-field intensity distribution of the conical double half-Gaussian hollow beams in the condition of in-Collins formula is researched, and the results show that the far-field propagation properties can be depicted by this model. In the experiment, this kind of hollow beams are obtained by means of the dual-reflecting splitting optical system, and the inner diameter of the hollow beams is tested. The results show good agreement with the propagation theory in the condition of in-Collins formula.展开更多
emperature measurements in boreholes show that ice is of temperate state in accumulation area and of cold state in ablation area in Collins Ice Cap. Ice temperature of active layer is significantly influenced by seaso...emperature measurements in boreholes show that ice is of temperate state in accumulation area and of cold state in ablation area in Collins Ice Cap. Ice temperature of active layer is significantly influenced by seasonal variations of air temperature.The warming of ice by the melt water infiltration is remarkable. Snow cover also noticeably affects thermal regimes of the Collins Ice Cap. The measurements also reveal that temperature below the active layer is approximate to the melting point in the majority of the glacier except in the vicinity of the Little Dome,where ice temperature varies sharply within a surface distance of more than 10 metres. Significant water oozing from ice cores was observed at a depth of 30 m during the drilling near the Little Dome, which is probably caused by the combined effects such as internal runoffs,differential movement and high salinity of the glacier.展开更多
We describe a female Nigerian infant of otherwise healthy parents with no prior history of congenital anomalies who was born with left-sided cleft lip and palate, left anophthalmia, malformed left auricle, an atrial s...We describe a female Nigerian infant of otherwise healthy parents with no prior history of congenital anomalies who was born with left-sided cleft lip and palate, left anophthalmia, malformed left auricle, an atrial septal defect, and abnormal fusion of the medial ends of her ribs prior to their insertion into the sternum. She presented on account of respiratory difficulty following bouts of feed aspiration. Cautious feeding and the need for respiratory support are important aspects of care in patients with Goldenhar syndrome.展开更多
The Collins model is introduced into the two-dimensional (2D) alternative ternary system having the Lennard-Jones (L-J) potential. The Gibbs free energy of this ternary system is calculated, and according to thermodyn...The Collins model is introduced into the two-dimensional (2D) alternative ternary system having the Lennard-Jones (L-J) potential. The Gibbs free energy of this ternary system is calculated, and according to thermodynamic theory, a group of equations that determine the solid-liquid diagram of ternary system are derived, someisothermal sectional diagrams of the 2D ternary system are obtained. The results are quite similar to the behavior ofthree-dimensional substances.展开更多
Treacher Collins syndrome is caused by the maldevelopment of the first and second branchial arches. It is characterized by mandibulofacial dysostosis and has the following features: outward and downward obliquity of l...Treacher Collins syndrome is caused by the maldevelopment of the first and second branchial arches. It is characterized by mandibulofacial dysostosis and has the following features: outward and downward obliquity of lateral canthi, colobomas of the lateral 1/3 of. the lower eyelids, flattening of malar bone, absence of zygomatic arches, a small and receding chin, sometimes accomapanied with small ears and cleft palate. In 8 cases, the authors reconstructed malar hypoplasia and micrognathia with bone graft and corrected the palpebral fissures. The results of this procedure are satisfactory.展开更多
By using the two-mode Fresnel operator we derive a multiplication rule of two-dimensional （2D） Collins diffraction formula, the inverse of 2D Collins diffraction integration can also be conveniently derived in this ...By using the two-mode Fresnel operator we derive a multiplication rule of two-dimensional （2D） Collins diffraction formula, the inverse of 2D Collins diffraction integration can also be conveniently derived in this way in the context of quantum optics theory.展开更多
Patients with Treacher Collins Syndrome (TCS) present unique airway management problems for anesthesiologists due to mandibular micrognathia, the small oral aperture, and temporomandibular joint anomalies. We describe...Patients with Treacher Collins Syndrome (TCS) present unique airway management problems for anesthesiologists due to mandibular micrognathia, the small oral aperture, and temporomandibular joint anomalies. We describe the case of a pediatric TCS patient with limited mouth opening who experienced severe airway obstruction during deep inhalation anesthesia (sevoflurane following i.v. midazolam) for routine dental work. When difficult airway management is expected, intubation of conscious patients is a well-recognized technique in adults;however, it is rarely appropriate for pediatric patients who usually do not cooperate. According to general anesthesia algorithms for pediatric patients with difficult airways, in most pediatric patients, tracheal intubation is performed after the induction of general anesthesia and some authors have reported the usefulness of LMA for maintaining airway patency in patients with TCS. However, in our case LMA could not be used because of severe limitation of mouth opening. In addition, the LMA is so bulky that it is impossible to insert a LMA into patients with narrow airway anatomy. We initially planned to carry out fiber-optic intubation while awake and under sedation if the airway patency could not be secured after the induction of anesthesia. The patient was sedated properly with midazolam and sevoflurane, and awake fiberoptic intubation was performed uneventfully. Our experience in this case highlighted that careful planning of backup contingencies is important in achieving fiberoptic intubation and maintaining airway patency in pediatric TCS patients with limited mouth opening, and that awake intubation can be successful even in pediatric patients.展开更多
Measurements carried out for the upper 10m firn/ice obtained at the main dome of Collins Ice Cap, King George Island, Antarctica revealed the direct relation of soluble impurities of snow mass to the composition of at...Measurements carried out for the upper 10m firn/ice obtained at the main dome of Collins Ice Cap, King George Island, Antarctica revealed the direct relation of soluble impurities of snow mass to the composition of atmosphere aerosols. It was indicated that sea salt source dominates the atmosphere aerosol around Collins Ice Cap.The simultaneous variation shown by the concentration profiles of Na+ , K+ , Mg2+ , Ca2+, SO42-, Cl- , Br- and very close EF values (≈1) suggested their common marine source and similar deposition process. Besides the possible surface contamination,NH4+ varied uniformly along deeper part of the core in concentration, which could be considered as background value of ammonium. A satisfactory explanation for NO3- concentration profile has not reached at present.展开更多
Based on the displacement-squeezing related squeezed coherent state representation ｜z〉g and using the technique of integration within an ordered product of operators, this paper finds a generalized Fresnel operator,...Based on the displacement-squeezing related squeezed coherent state representation ｜z〉g and using the technique of integration within an ordered product of operators, this paper finds a generalized Fresnel operator, whose matrix element in the coordinate representation leads to a generalized Collins formula （Huygens-Fresnel integration transformation describing optical diffraction）. The generalized Fresnel operator is derived by a quantum mechanical mapping from z to sz -- rz^＊ in the ｜Z〉g representation, while ｜z〉g in phase space is graphically denoted by an ellipse.展开更多
COLLINS ice cap is located in King George Island south of Shetland Islands,Antarctic.The icecap is exposed over an area of about 1 300 km^2,amounting to 90% of the island.China na-tional scientific expeditions to the ...COLLINS ice cap is located in King George Island south of Shetland Islands,Antarctic.The icecap is exposed over an area of about 1 300 km^2,amounting to 90% of the island.China na-tional scientific expeditions to the Antarctic studied and investigated Collins ice cap systemati-cally from May to October 1992 when they drilled six ice cores in Low ice dome.Volcano ex-trusion in ice core from Collins ice cap suggested by Dia et al.is favourable for展开更多
文摘By virtue of the new technique of performing integration over Dirac＇s ket-bra operators, we ex- plore quantum optical version of classical optical transformations such as optical Fresnel transform, Hankel transform, fractional Fourier transform, Wigner transform, wavelet transform and Fresnel- Hadmard combinatorial transform etc. In this way one may gain benefit for developing classical optics theory from the research in quantum optics, or vice-versa. We cannot only find some new quantum mechanical unitary operators which correspond to the known optical transformations, de- riving a new theorem for calculating quantum tomogram of density operators, but also can reveal some new classical optical transformations. For examples, we find the generalized Fresnel opera- tor （GFO） to correspond to the generalized Fresnel transform （GFT） in classical optics. We derive GFO＇s normal product form and its canonical coherent state representation and find that GFO is the loyal representation of symplectic group multiplication rule. We show that GFT is just the transformation matrix element of GFO in the coordinate representation such that two successive GFTs is still a GFT. The ABCD rule of the Gaussian beam propagation is directly demonstrated in the context of quantum optics. Especially, the introduction of quantum mechanical entangled state representations opens up a new area in finding new classical optical transformations. The complex wavelet transform and the condition of mother wavelet are studied in the context of quantum op- tics too. Throughout our discussions, the coherent state, the entangled state representation of the two-mode squeezing operators and the technique of integration within an ordered product （IWOP） of operators are fully used. All these have confirmed Dirac＇s assertion： ＂...for a quantum dynamic system that has a classical analogue, unitary transformation in the quantum theory is the analogue of contact transformation in the classical theory＂.
文摘From the Gibbs free energy and the equations of two-phase equilibrium curves of the two-dimensionalbinary system which has the Lennard-Jones potential, using the Collins model, the eutectic-type phase diagram and theperitectic-type phase diagram of the binary system are obtained, whose results are quite similar to the behavior of thethree-dimensional (3D) substances.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. KB92009)
文摘The far-field propagation properties of conical double half-Gaussian hollow beams in the condition of Collins formula are studied. Because of the cone angle of this kind of hollow beams, the diffraction is compensated and the inner diameter is turning bigger by the rule of geometric optics as the propagation distance is increasing, whereas the degenerating diffraction phenomenon is turned out. The far-field intensity distribution of the conical double half-Gaussian hollow beams in the condition of in-Collins formula is researched, and the results show that the far-field propagation properties can be depicted by this model. In the experiment, this kind of hollow beams are obtained by means of the dual-reflecting splitting optical system, and the inner diameter of the hollow beams is tested. The results show good agreement with the propagation theory in the condition of in-Collins formula.
文摘emperature measurements in boreholes show that ice is of temperate state in accumulation area and of cold state in ablation area in Collins Ice Cap. Ice temperature of active layer is significantly influenced by seasonal variations of air temperature.The warming of ice by the melt water infiltration is remarkable. Snow cover also noticeably affects thermal regimes of the Collins Ice Cap. The measurements also reveal that temperature below the active layer is approximate to the melting point in the majority of the glacier except in the vicinity of the Little Dome,where ice temperature varies sharply within a surface distance of more than 10 metres. Significant water oozing from ice cores was observed at a depth of 30 m during the drilling near the Little Dome, which is probably caused by the combined effects such as internal runoffs,differential movement and high salinity of the glacier.
文摘We describe a female Nigerian infant of otherwise healthy parents with no prior history of congenital anomalies who was born with left-sided cleft lip and palate, left anophthalmia, malformed left auricle, an atrial septal defect, and abnormal fusion of the medial ends of her ribs prior to their insertion into the sternum. She presented on account of respiratory difficulty following bouts of feed aspiration. Cautious feeding and the need for respiratory support are important aspects of care in patients with Goldenhar syndrome.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The Collins model is introduced into the two-dimensional (2D) alternative ternary system having the Lennard-Jones (L-J) potential. The Gibbs free energy of this ternary system is calculated, and according to thermodynamic theory, a group of equations that determine the solid-liquid diagram of ternary system are derived, someisothermal sectional diagrams of the 2D ternary system are obtained. The results are quite similar to the behavior ofthree-dimensional substances.
文摘Treacher Collins syndrome is caused by the maldevelopment of the first and second branchial arches. It is characterized by mandibulofacial dysostosis and has the following features: outward and downward obliquity of lateral canthi, colobomas of the lateral 1/3 of. the lower eyelids, flattening of malar bone, absence of zygomatic arches, a small and receding chin, sometimes accomapanied with small ears and cleft palate. In 8 cases, the authors reconstructed malar hypoplasia and micrognathia with bone graft and corrected the palpebral fissures. The results of this procedure are satisfactory.
基金supported by the Doctoral Scientific Research Startup Fund of Anhui University, China (Grant No. 33190059)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10874174)+1 种基金the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20113401120004)the Open Funds from National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. 201117)
文摘By using the two-mode Fresnel operator we derive a multiplication rule of two-dimensional （2D） Collins diffraction formula, the inverse of 2D Collins diffraction integration can also be conveniently derived in this way in the context of quantum optics theory.
文摘Patients with Treacher Collins Syndrome (TCS) present unique airway management problems for anesthesiologists due to mandibular micrognathia, the small oral aperture, and temporomandibular joint anomalies. We describe the case of a pediatric TCS patient with limited mouth opening who experienced severe airway obstruction during deep inhalation anesthesia (sevoflurane following i.v. midazolam) for routine dental work. When difficult airway management is expected, intubation of conscious patients is a well-recognized technique in adults;however, it is rarely appropriate for pediatric patients who usually do not cooperate. According to general anesthesia algorithms for pediatric patients with difficult airways, in most pediatric patients, tracheal intubation is performed after the induction of general anesthesia and some authors have reported the usefulness of LMA for maintaining airway patency in patients with TCS. However, in our case LMA could not be used because of severe limitation of mouth opening. In addition, the LMA is so bulky that it is impossible to insert a LMA into patients with narrow airway anatomy. We initially planned to carry out fiber-optic intubation while awake and under sedation if the airway patency could not be secured after the induction of anesthesia. The patient was sedated properly with midazolam and sevoflurane, and awake fiberoptic intubation was performed uneventfully. Our experience in this case highlighted that careful planning of backup contingencies is important in achieving fiberoptic intubation and maintaining airway patency in pediatric TCS patients with limited mouth opening, and that awake intubation can be successful even in pediatric patients.
文摘Measurements carried out for the upper 10m firn/ice obtained at the main dome of Collins Ice Cap, King George Island, Antarctica revealed the direct relation of soluble impurities of snow mass to the composition of atmosphere aerosols. It was indicated that sea salt source dominates the atmosphere aerosol around Collins Ice Cap.The simultaneous variation shown by the concentration profiles of Na+ , K+ , Mg2+ , Ca2+, SO42-, Cl- , Br- and very close EF values (≈1) suggested their common marine source and similar deposition process. Besides the possible surface contamination,NH4+ varied uniformly along deeper part of the core in concentration, which could be considered as background value of ammonium. A satisfactory explanation for NO3- concentration profile has not reached at present.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.10874174 and 10675108)the President Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe Specilized Research Fund for the Doctorial Program of the Higher Education of China (Grant No.20070358009)
文摘Based on the displacement-squeezing related squeezed coherent state representation ｜z〉g and using the technique of integration within an ordered product of operators, this paper finds a generalized Fresnel operator, whose matrix element in the coordinate representation leads to a generalized Collins formula （Huygens-Fresnel integration transformation describing optical diffraction）. The generalized Fresnel operator is derived by a quantum mechanical mapping from z to sz -- rz^＊ in the ｜Z〉g representation, while ｜z〉g in phase space is graphically denoted by an ellipse.
文摘COLLINS ice cap is located in King George Island south of Shetland Islands,Antarctic.The icecap is exposed over an area of about 1 300 km^2,amounting to 90% of the island.China na-tional scientific expeditions to the Antarctic studied and investigated Collins ice cap systemati-cally from May to October 1992 when they drilled six ice cores in Low ice dome.Volcano ex-trusion in ice core from Collins ice cap suggested by Dia et al.is favourable for
