Human gut microbiota play an essential role in both healthy and diseased states of humans. In the past decade, the interactions between microorganisms and tumors have attracted much attention in the efforts to underst...Human gut microbiota play an essential role in both healthy and diseased states of humans. In the past decade, the interactions between microorganisms and tumors have attracted much attention in the efforts to understand various features of the complex microbial communities, as well as the possible mechanisms through which the microbiota are involved in cancer prevention, carcinogenesis, and anti-cancer therapy. A large number of studies have indicated that microbial dysbiosis contributes to cancer susceptibility via multiple pathways. Further studies have suggested that the microbiota and their associated metabolites are not only closely related to carcinogenesis by inducing inflammation and immune dysregulation, which lead to genetic instability, but also inter- fere with the pharmacodynamics of anticancer agents. In this article, we mainly reviewed the influ- ence of gut microbiota on cancers in the gastrointestinal （GI） tract （including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers） and the regulation of microbiota by diet, prebiotics, pro- biotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, or the Traditional Chinese Medicine. We also proposed some new strategies in the prevention and treatment of GI cancers that could be explored in the future. We hope that this review could provide a comprehensive overview of the studies on the interactions between the gut microbiota and GI cancers, which are likely to yield translational opportunities to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality by improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.展开更多
Tumor microenvironment （TME） has received more and more attention as modern medical research has begun to understand its importance in tumorigenesis. The occurrence, development, metastasis and drug resistance of tu...Tumor microenvironment （TME） has received more and more attention as modern medical research has begun to understand its importance in tumorigenesis. The occurrence, development, metastasis and drug resistance of tumors are closely related to TME. TME is a complicated system, including nontumor cells, their secreted cytokines, extracellular matrix, among other components. The concepts of wholism and multitarget regulation in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） make it well suited to the regulation of TME. in this paper, the authors reviewed the progress of TME research and the effect of TCM on TME, providing some views of Chinese medicine in antitumor research.展开更多
AIM: To investigate whether the Chinese medicine Tong Xie Yao Fang(TXYF) improves dysfunction in an irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) rat model. METHODS: Thirty baby rats for IBS modeling were separated from mother rats(1...AIM: To investigate whether the Chinese medicine Tong Xie Yao Fang(TXYF) improves dysfunction in an irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) rat model. METHODS: Thirty baby rats for IBS modeling were separated from mother rats(1 h per day) from days 8 to 21, and the rectum was expanded by angioplasty from days 8 to 12. Ten normal rats were used as normal controls. We examined the effects of TXYF on defection frequency, colonic transit function and smooth muscle contraction, and the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) and substance P(SP) in colonic and hypothalamus tissues by Western blot and RT-PCT techniques in both normal rats and IBS model rats with characterized visceral hypersensitivity.in normal rats and 4.5 ± 1.58 in IBS model rats(P < 0.001). However, the defecation frequency was significantly decreased(3.0 ± 1.25 vs 4.5 ± 1.58, P < 0.05), while the time(in seconds) of colon transit function was significantly increased(256.88 ± 20.32 vs 93.36 ± 17.28, P < 0.001) in IBS + TXYF group rats than in IBS group rats. Increased colonic smooth muscle tension and contract frequency in IBS model rats were significantly decreased by administration of TXYF. Exogenous agonist stimulants increased spontaneous activity and elicited contractions of colon smooth muscle in IBS model rats, and all of these actions were significantly reduced by TXYF involving 5-HT and SP down-regulation. CONCLUSION: TXYF can modulate the activity of the enteric nervous system and alter 5-HT and SP activities, which may contribute to the symptoms of IBS.展开更多
AIM: To observe the protective effect of Radix Astragali injection on immune organs (lymph nodes, spleen and thymus) of rats with obstructive jaundice (OJ) and its mechanism. METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided int...AIM: To observe the protective effect of Radix Astragali injection on immune organs (lymph nodes, spleen and thymus) of rats with obstructive jaundice (OJ) and its mechanism. METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, model control group and Radix Astragali treatment group. On days 7, 14, 21 and 28 after operation, mortality rate of rats, pathological changes in immune organs, expression levels of Bax and nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 proteins, apoptosis indexes and serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α level in spleen and thymus were observed, respectively.RESULTS: Compared to model control group, the number of dead OJ rats in Radix Astragali treatment group decreased (P > 0.05). The TNF-α level (27.62 ± 12.61 vs 29.55 ± 18.02, 24.61 ± 9.09 vs 31.52 ± 10.95) on days 7 and 21, the pathological severity score for spleen [0.0 (0.0) vs 0.0 (2.0) on days 7 and 14 and for lymph nodes [0.0 (1.0) vs 1.0 (2.0), 1.0 (0.0) vs 2.0 (1.0)] on days 21 and 28, the product staining intensity and positive rate of Bax protein in spleen [0.0 (0.0) vs 1.0 (2.0), 0.0 (1.0) vs 2.0 (1.5) and thymus [0.0 (0.0) vs 1.0 (2.0), 0.0 (1.0) vs 2.0 (1.5)] on days 14 and 28, the apoptotic indexes [0.0 (0.0) vs 0.0 (0.01)] in spleen and thymus [0.0 (0.0) vs 0.0 (0.01) on days 14 and 21 were significantly lower in Radix Astragali treatment group than in model control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Radix Astragali has protective effects on immune organs of OJ rats by relieving the pathological changes in immune organs, reducing TNF-α level and inhibiting Bax expression and apoptosis in spleen and thymus.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has played a positive role in the management of hepatocarcinoma. Hepatocarcinoma patients may present Qi-stagnation, damp-heat, blood stasis, Qi-deficiency, Yin-deficiency and other T...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has played a positive role in the management of hepatocarcinoma. Hepatocarcinoma patients may present Qi-stagnation, damp-heat, blood stasis, Qi-deficiency, Yin-deficiency and other TCM syndromes(Zheng). Modern treatments such as surgery, transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) and high intensity focus ultrasound treatment would influence the manifestation of TCM syndromes. Herbs with traditional efficacy of tonifying Qi, blood and Yin, soothing liver-Qi stagnation, clearing heat and detoxifying and dissolving stasis, have been demonstrated to be potent to prevent hepatocarcinogenesis. TCM has been widely used in all aspects of integrative therapy in hepatocarcinoma, including surgical resection, liver transplantation, TACE, local ablative therapies and even as monotherapy for middle-advanced stage hepatocarcinoma. Clinical practices have confirmed that TCM is effective to alleviate clinical symptoms, improve quality of life and immune function, prevent recurrence and metastasis, delay tumor progression, and prolong survival time in hepatocarcinoma patients. The effective mechanism of TCM against hepatocarcinoma is related to inducing apoptosis, autophagy, anoikis and cell senescence, arresting cell cycle, regulating immune function, inhibiting metastasis and angiogenesis, reversing drug resistance and enhancing effects of chemotherapy. Along with the progress of research in this field, TCM will contribute more to the prevention and treatment of hepatocarcinoma.展开更多
Herbal traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is used to treat several ailments, but its efficiency is poorly documented and hence debated, as opposed to modern medicine commonly providinge ffective therapies. The aim of t...Herbal traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is used to treat several ailments, but its efficiency is poorly documented and hence debated, as opposed to modern medicine commonly providinge ffective therapies. The aim of this review article is to present a practical reference guide on the role of herbal TCM in managing gastrointestinal disorders, supported by systematic reviews and evidence based trials. A literature search using herbal TCM combined with terms for gastrointestinal disorders in Pub Med and the Cochrane database identified publications of herbal TCM trials. Results were analyzed for study type, inclusion criteria, and outcome parameters. Quality of placebo controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trials was poor, mostly neglecting stringent evidence based diagnostic and therapeutic criteria. Accordingly, appropriate Cochrane reviews and meta-analyses were limited and failed to support valid, clinically relevant evidence based efficiency of herbal TCM in gastrointestinal diseases, including gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastric or duodenal ulcer, dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. In conclusion, the use of herbal TCM to treat various diseases has an interesting philosophical background with a long history, but it received increasing skepticism due to the lack of evidence based efficiency as shown by high quality trials; this has now been summarized for gastrointestinal disorders, with TCM not recommended for most gastrointestinal diseases. Future studies should focus on placebo controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trials, herbal product quality and standard criteria for diagnosis, treatment, outcome, and assessment of adverse herb reactions. This approach will provide figures of risk/benefit profiles that hopefully are positive for at least some treatment modalities of herbal TCM. Proponents of modern herbal TCM best face these promising challenges of pragmaticmodern medicine by bridging the gap between the two medicinal cultures.展开更多
Objective： To investigate the preventive effects of Qiangzhi Decoction （羌跖汤, QZD） on influenza A pneumonia through inhibition of inflammatory cytokine storm in vivo and in vitro. Methods： One hundred ICR mice w...Objective： To investigate the preventive effects of Qiangzhi Decoction （羌跖汤, QZD） on influenza A pneumonia through inhibition of inflammatory cytokine storm in vivo and in vitro. Methods： One hundred ICR mice were randomly divided into the virus control, the Tamiflu control and the QZD high-, medium-, and low-dose groups. Mice were infected intranasally with influenza virus （H1N1） at 10 median lethal dose （LDso）. QZD and Tamiflu were administered intragastrically twice daily from day 0 to day 7 after infection. The virus control group was treated with distilled water alone under the same condition. The number of surviving mice was recorded daily for 14 days after viral infection. The histological damage and viral replication and the expression of inflammatory cytokines were monitored. Additionally, the suppression capacity on the secretion of regulated on activation normal T cells expressed and secreted （RANTES） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α ） in epithelial and macrophage cell-lines were evaluated. Results： Compared with the virus control group, the survival rate of the QZD groups significantly improved in a dose-dependent manner （P〈0.05）, the viral titers in lung tissue was inhibited （P〈0.05）, and the production of inflammatory cytokines interferon-γ （IFN- α ）, interleukin-6 （IL-6）, TNF-α, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1） were suppressed （P〈0.05）. Meanwhile, the secretion of RANTETS and TNF-α by epithelial and macrophage cell-lines was inhibited with the treatment of QZD respectively in vitro （P〈0.05）. Conclusions： The preventive effects of QZD on influenza virus infection might be due to its unique cytokine inhibition mechanism. QZD may have significant therapeutic potential in combination with antiviral drugs.展开更多
Objective： To examine the variations in the prevalence of skin reactions and the association between skin reactions and efficacy of summer acupoint application treatment （SAAT） on chronic pulmonary disease （CPD）....Objective： To examine the variations in the prevalence of skin reactions and the association between skin reactions and efficacy of summer acupoint application treatment （SAAT） on chronic pulmonary disease （CPD）. Methods： A total of 2,038 patients with CPD were enrolled at 3 independent hospitals （defined as Groups A, B and C, respectively） in China. All patients were treated by SAAT, as applying a herbal paste onto the acupoints of Fengmen （BL 12） and Feishu （BL 13） on the dog days of summer, according to the lunar calendar, in 2008. Ten days after treatment, skin reaction data （no reaction, itching, stinging, blistering, and infection） were obtained via face-to-face interviews. Patients were retreated in the same hospital one year later, thereby allowing doctors to assess treatment efficacy based on the patients＇ symptoms, the severity of the spirometric abnormalities, and the concomitant medications used. Results： A large number of patients （85.3%） displayed reactive symptoms; however, the marked associations between reactive symptoms and age or gender were not observed. An increased number of patients from Group B （99.3%） and Group C （76.5%） displayed reactive symptoms due to the increased mass of crude Semen Sinapis Albae. The effective rate of SPAT was as high as 90.4% for patients of Group B, which was followed by Group A （70.9%） and Group C （42.2%）. Using stratified analyses, a convincing association between reactive symptoms and therapeutic efficacy was observed for patients with asthma [itching： odds ratio （OR）=2,17, 95% confidence interval （CI）： 1.49 to 3.14; blistering： OR=0.43, 95% Ch 0.25 to 0.73; and no reaction： OR=0.56, 95% CI： 0.35 to 0.90]. However, the same tendency was not observed for patients with chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Conclusions： SAAT can induce very mild skin reactions for patients with CPD, among which patients with asthma displayed a strong association between skin reactions 展开更多
Objective： To investigate the effects of Xuebijing Injection（血必净注射液, XBJ） on survival rate and pulmonary vasopermeability in a rat model of severe scald injury. Methods： Rats were divided into two experiment...Objective： To investigate the effects of Xuebijing Injection（血必净注射液, XBJ） on survival rate and pulmonary vasopermeability in a rat model of severe scald injury. Methods： Rats were divided into two experiments： experiment 1 was monitored for 12 h post-injury for survival analysis after severe burns; in experiment 2, rats were killed for determination of pulmonary vascular permeability and pro-inflammatory mediators. In both experiments, rats were subject to third-degree 50% total body surface area（TBSA） burns or sham injury followed by XBJ or normal saline（NS） treatment. In addition, rat pulmonary microvascular endothelium cells（PMECs） were pretreated with either XBJ or phosphate buffer saline（PBS）, and then subjected to sham serum or scald serum stimulation for 2 or 6 h, followed by transwell examination for the permeability of PMECs. Meanwhile, pro-inflammatory mediators in PMECs culture supernatant were also investigated. Results： The average survival time in the scald＋XBJ group was 582.1±21.2 min, which was significantly longer than that in the scald ＋ NS group（345.8±25.4 min, P〈0.01）. Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha（TNF-α）, E-selectin, interleukin-6（IL-6）, vascular permeability and water content of lung tissues were significantly increased in animals after severe burns（P〈0.01）. However, administration of XBJ significantly decreased these levels in plasma and lung tissue. In in vitro cell experiments, XBJ markedly attenuated permeability in PMECs monolayer and reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and soluble E-selectin after stimulation with scald serum（P〈0.01）. Conclusions： XBJ increases early survival rate by alleviating pulmonary vasopermeability and inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediators in rats subjected to lethal scald injury. XBJ may be a potent drug in treatment of severe burns.展开更多
Objective To identify the representative attributes of the five elements of a person with a qualitative methodology and provide the basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of“people with the five elements in t...Objective To identify the representative attributes of the five elements of a person with a qualitative methodology and provide the basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of“people with the five elements in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).”Methods Data collected from the literature review,two sessions of brainstorming of experts with related experience in“people with the five elements in TCM”from October 2020 to December 2020,and six rounds of in-depth interviews with 30 participants who had various attributes of the five elements from March 2021 to October 2021 were analyzed.Triangulation was used in this study,and theming and synthesizing were used to analyze the data.Results A total of 31 experts and 30 interviewees participated in this study.The median age of the experts and interviewees were 48.0 and 38.5 years,respectively;51.66%and 54.8%of experts and interviewees,respectively,were men.The descriptors of facial diagrams of“people with the five elements in TCM”were complexion,shape,distribution state of facial bones,convergence trend of facial muscles,and facial expression.A theoretical model of“people with the five elements in TCM”was shaped based on these findings.Conclusion The study suggests a possibility for bridging the gap between personality and bodily state,identifying an avenue for personality research from the perspective of TCM.展开更多
Objective To comprehensively map the distribution patterns of native medicinal plants of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; To find the environmental determinants and to give suggestions for the conservation pla...Objective To comprehensively map the distribution patterns of native medicinal plants of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; To find the environmental determinants and to give suggestions for the conservation planning of medicinal plants in Xinjiang region. Methods Firstly, we compiled the distribution data of native medicinal plants at a county level in Xinjiang region, including the source plants of Chinese Materia Medica （CMM）, Uygur Medicine （UM）, and Kazak Medicine （KM）; Secondly, we divided the distribution data into grid with a resolution of 0.1~ x 0.1~ and overlaid it on the topography and climate data in Arcgis 10.0; Finally, we analyzed the correlations of medicinal plant richness and environmental variables with ordinary least square （OLS） regressions and partial regressions. Results UM has more non-native species in Xinjiang region than KM. The species richness of medicinal plants is high in Altay Mountains, western Tianshan Mountains, and part of Kunlun Mountains. The richness of medicinal plants is highly correlated with the vascular plant species richness and climate, and further, the independent effects of vascular plant species richness are higher than the independent effects of climate. The whole plant, root ＆ rhizome, and seed ＆ fruit are more frequently used than stem and leaf for CMM in Xinjiang region. Conclusion The distribution patterns of medicinal plants are concordant with vascular plant species, which could be carefully considered in the conservation planning of this region. Taking full advantage of current nature reserves is a low-costing approach to the conservation of medicinal plants although they were not originally established for medicinal plant protection. Nevertheless, it is urgent to further study the distributions and protection status of medicinal plants in the nature reserves of Xinjiang region.展开更多
Objective To elucidate the effects of chlorogenic acid(CGA),a bioactive polyphenol compound prevalent in traditional Chinese medicine and various foods,including Lonicera japonica Thunb.(Jin Yin Hua),Eucommia ulmoides...Objective To elucidate the effects of chlorogenic acid(CGA),a bioactive polyphenol compound prevalent in traditional Chinese medicine and various foods,including Lonicera japonica Thunb.(Jin Yin Hua),Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.(Du Zhong Ye),tea,and coffee,on cardiomyocyte ferroptosis and heart failure.Methods We assessed the effect of CGA on cardiac function using a mouse model of heart failure induced by transverse aortic constriction(TAC).These indicators included the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),fractional shortening(LVFS),end-systolic volume(LVESV),end-diastolic volume(LVEDV),end-systolic diameter(LVESD),and end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD).An isoprenaline hydrochloride(ISO)-induced H9c2 cardiomyocyte cell model was also established,and the cells were treated with various concentrations of CGA.To assess the effect of CGA on ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes,we measured cell viability and evaluated the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS),ferrous ions(Fe^(2+)),and lipid peroxidation using fluorescent staining.To clarify the ferroptosis signaling pathway regulated by CGA,western blotting was used to examine the expression of ferroptosis biomarkers,specifically solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11)and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),in H9c2 cardiomyocytes and mouse myocardial tissues.Results CGA significantly enhanced cardiac performance indices such as LVEF,LVFS,LVESV,LVEDV,LVESD,and LVEDD.H9c2 cardiomyocytes exposed to ISO showed decreased cell viability and increased ROS levels,Fe^(2+)content,and lipid peroxidation levels.However,CGA treatment significantly ameliorated these changes.Additionally,in both H9c2 cardiomyocytes and myocardial tissue obtained from mice with TAC,CGA increased the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins,including SLC7A11 and GPX4.Conclusion CGA has the potential to enhance cardiac function and diminish lipid peroxidation and ROS levels in cardiomyocytes via the SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway.This process alleviates ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes.These results p展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To investigate the neuroprotective mechanism of combination extract of Renshen （Ponax Ginseng）, Yinyanghuo （Herba Epimedii Brevi-comus）, Yuanzhi （Radix Palygalae） and Jianghuang （Rhizoma Curcumae Lo...OBJECTIVE： To investigate the neuroprotective mechanism of combination extract of Renshen （Ponax Ginseng）, Yinyanghuo （Herba Epimedii Brevi-comus）, Yuanzhi （Radix Palygalae） and Jianghuang （Rhizoma Curcumae Longae） （GEPT） in treating AI- zheimer＇s disease on the target of glycogen syn- thase kinase 3β（GSK-3β）. METHODS： Three-month-old APPV7171 transgenic mice were randomly divided into ten groups （n=12 per group） and intragastrically administrated vehi- cle or medicines： APP group was given 0.5% CMC, donepezil group was given donepezil （APP ＋ D group） （0.92 mg/kg-1. day-1）, and GEPT groups were given small dose of GEPT （APP＋Gs group） （0.075 g/ kg-1. day-1）, medium dose （APP＋Gm group） （0.15 g/ kg-1. day-1）, and large dose （APP＋GI group） （0.30 g/ kg-1. day-1） for 4 or 8 months, respectively. Three-month-old C57BL/6J mice as vehicle controls （n=12） were given 0.5% CMC for 4 or 8 months as well. The GSK-3β expression in the cortex of 7- and 11-month-old APPV7171 transgenic mice with and without GEPT or donepezil treatment and normal C57BL/6J mice were measured via Western blotting and Immunohistochemistry. RESULTS： Immunohistochemistry analysis showed significant increase of GSK-3β in the cerebral cortex of 7-month-old APP group （compare to control group P=0.003）, while the GSK-313 expression of donepezil or OEPT group were all significantly de-creased （Donepezil vs APP： P=0.041; GI vs APP： P=0.049, Gm vs APP： P=0.029, Gh vs APP： P=0.036）. Western blot analysis showed similar results. The densitometric measures of GSK-3β in APP mice in- creased significantly as compared with the control group （P=0.008）. And the GSK-3β expression indonepezil and GEPT groups were all decreased. There was significant difference between Gh group or donepezil group and the control group （P=0.05）. Similar findings were shown in the 11-month-old mice in each group, except for greater decrease of GSK-3β in the GEPT group. CONCLUS展开更多
基金supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH Grant No. CA190122)+3 种基金Department of Defense (Do D Award No. W81XWH-16-1-0151) of the United States awarded to QTsupported by Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS Grant No. 2016-12M-1-001) awarded to CB
文摘Human gut microbiota play an essential role in both healthy and diseased states of humans. In the past decade, the interactions between microorganisms and tumors have attracted much attention in the efforts to understand various features of the complex microbial communities, as well as the possible mechanisms through which the microbiota are involved in cancer prevention, carcinogenesis, and anti-cancer therapy. A large number of studies have indicated that microbial dysbiosis contributes to cancer susceptibility via multiple pathways. Further studies have suggested that the microbiota and their associated metabolites are not only closely related to carcinogenesis by inducing inflammation and immune dysregulation, which lead to genetic instability, but also inter- fere with the pharmacodynamics of anticancer agents. In this article, we mainly reviewed the influ- ence of gut microbiota on cancers in the gastrointestinal （GI） tract （including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers） and the regulation of microbiota by diet, prebiotics, pro- biotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, or the Traditional Chinese Medicine. We also proposed some new strategies in the prevention and treatment of GI cancers that could be explored in the future. We hope that this review could provide a comprehensive overview of the studies on the interactions between the gut microbiota and GI cancers, which are likely to yield translational opportunities to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality by improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81430101)the Special Fund for the Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province in 2015
文摘Tumor microenvironment （TME） has received more and more attention as modern medical research has begun to understand its importance in tumorigenesis. The occurrence, development, metastasis and drug resistance of tumors are closely related to TME. TME is a complicated system, including nontumor cells, their secreted cytokines, extracellular matrix, among other components. The concepts of wholism and multitarget regulation in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） make it well suited to the regulation of TME. in this paper, the authors reviewed the progress of TME research and the effect of TCM on TME, providing some views of Chinese medicine in antitumor research.
基金Supported by National Education Department"ChunHui Plan"Research Projects,No.Z2010021China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Project,No.2013M531079+2 种基金Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Funding Project,No.LBH-Z12246Heilongjiang Education Department Scientific Research Project,No.12521502excellent Innovative Talents Support Program Funding of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine(Outstanding Young Academic Leaders),No.051217
文摘AIM: To investigate whether the Chinese medicine Tong Xie Yao Fang(TXYF) improves dysfunction in an irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) rat model. METHODS: Thirty baby rats for IBS modeling were separated from mother rats(1 h per day) from days 8 to 21, and the rectum was expanded by angioplasty from days 8 to 12. Ten normal rats were used as normal controls. We examined the effects of TXYF on defection frequency, colonic transit function and smooth muscle contraction, and the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) and substance P(SP) in colonic and hypothalamus tissues by Western blot and RT-PCT techniques in both normal rats and IBS model rats with characterized visceral hypersensitivity.in normal rats and 4.5 ± 1.58 in IBS model rats(P < 0.001). However, the defecation frequency was significantly decreased(3.0 ± 1.25 vs 4.5 ± 1.58, P < 0.05), while the time(in seconds) of colon transit function was significantly increased(256.88 ± 20.32 vs 93.36 ± 17.28, P < 0.001) in IBS + TXYF group rats than in IBS group rats. Increased colonic smooth muscle tension and contract frequency in IBS model rats were significantly decreased by administration of TXYF. Exogenous agonist stimulants increased spontaneous activity and elicited contractions of colon smooth muscle in IBS model rats, and all of these actions were significantly reduced by TXYF involving 5-HT and SP down-regulation. CONCLUSION: TXYF can modulate the activity of the enteric nervous system and alter 5-HT and SP activities, which may contribute to the symptoms of IBS.
基金Supported by Technological Foundation Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, No. 2003C130, No. 2004C142Foundation Project for Medical Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province, No. 2003B134+3 种基金Grave foundation project for Technology and Development of Hangzhou, No. 2003123B19Intensive Foundation Project for Technology of Hangzhou, No. 2004Z006Foundation Project for Medical Science and Technology of Hangzhou, No. 2003A004Foundation Project for Technology of Hangzhou, No. 2005224
文摘AIM: To observe the protective effect of Radix Astragali injection on immune organs (lymph nodes, spleen and thymus) of rats with obstructive jaundice (OJ) and its mechanism. METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, model control group and Radix Astragali treatment group. On days 7, 14, 21 and 28 after operation, mortality rate of rats, pathological changes in immune organs, expression levels of Bax and nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 proteins, apoptosis indexes and serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α level in spleen and thymus were observed, respectively.RESULTS: Compared to model control group, the number of dead OJ rats in Radix Astragali treatment group decreased (P > 0.05). The TNF-α level (27.62 ± 12.61 vs 29.55 ± 18.02, 24.61 ± 9.09 vs 31.52 ± 10.95) on days 7 and 21, the pathological severity score for spleen [0.0 (0.0) vs 0.0 (2.0) on days 7 and 14 and for lymph nodes [0.0 (1.0) vs 1.0 (2.0), 1.0 (0.0) vs 2.0 (1.0)] on days 21 and 28, the product staining intensity and positive rate of Bax protein in spleen [0.0 (0.0) vs 1.0 (2.0), 0.0 (1.0) vs 2.0 (1.5) and thymus [0.0 (0.0) vs 1.0 (2.0), 0.0 (1.0) vs 2.0 (1.5)] on days 14 and 28, the apoptotic indexes [0.0 (0.0) vs 0.0 (0.01)] in spleen and thymus [0.0 (0.0) vs 0.0 (0.01) on days 14 and 21 were significantly lower in Radix Astragali treatment group than in model control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Radix Astragali has protective effects on immune organs of OJ rats by relieving the pathological changes in immune organs, reducing TNF-α level and inhibiting Bax expression and apoptosis in spleen and thymus.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81273726 and 81473625Three-year Action Program of Shanghai Municipality for Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.ZY3-CCCX-3-3025
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has played a positive role in the management of hepatocarcinoma. Hepatocarcinoma patients may present Qi-stagnation, damp-heat, blood stasis, Qi-deficiency, Yin-deficiency and other TCM syndromes(Zheng). Modern treatments such as surgery, transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) and high intensity focus ultrasound treatment would influence the manifestation of TCM syndromes. Herbs with traditional efficacy of tonifying Qi, blood and Yin, soothing liver-Qi stagnation, clearing heat and detoxifying and dissolving stasis, have been demonstrated to be potent to prevent hepatocarcinogenesis. TCM has been widely used in all aspects of integrative therapy in hepatocarcinoma, including surgical resection, liver transplantation, TACE, local ablative therapies and even as monotherapy for middle-advanced stage hepatocarcinoma. Clinical practices have confirmed that TCM is effective to alleviate clinical symptoms, improve quality of life and immune function, prevent recurrence and metastasis, delay tumor progression, and prolong survival time in hepatocarcinoma patients. The effective mechanism of TCM against hepatocarcinoma is related to inducing apoptosis, autophagy, anoikis and cell senescence, arresting cell cycle, regulating immune function, inhibiting metastasis and angiogenesis, reversing drug resistance and enhancing effects of chemotherapy. Along with the progress of research in this field, TCM will contribute more to the prevention and treatment of hepatocarcinoma.
文摘Herbal traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is used to treat several ailments, but its efficiency is poorly documented and hence debated, as opposed to modern medicine commonly providinge ffective therapies. The aim of this review article is to present a practical reference guide on the role of herbal TCM in managing gastrointestinal disorders, supported by systematic reviews and evidence based trials. A literature search using herbal TCM combined with terms for gastrointestinal disorders in Pub Med and the Cochrane database identified publications of herbal TCM trials. Results were analyzed for study type, inclusion criteria, and outcome parameters. Quality of placebo controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trials was poor, mostly neglecting stringent evidence based diagnostic and therapeutic criteria. Accordingly, appropriate Cochrane reviews and meta-analyses were limited and failed to support valid, clinically relevant evidence based efficiency of herbal TCM in gastrointestinal diseases, including gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastric or duodenal ulcer, dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. In conclusion, the use of herbal TCM to treat various diseases has an interesting philosophical background with a long history, but it received increasing skepticism due to the lack of evidence based efficiency as shown by high quality trials; this has now been summarized for gastrointestinal disorders, with TCM not recommended for most gastrointestinal diseases. Future studies should focus on placebo controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trials, herbal product quality and standard criteria for diagnosis, treatment, outcome, and assessment of adverse herb reactions. This approach will provide figures of risk/benefit profiles that hopefully are positive for at least some treatment modalities of herbal TCM. Proponents of modern herbal TCM best face these promising challenges of pragmaticmodern medicine by bridging the gap between the two medicinal cultures.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.81173173)Shanghai Yan De-xin Foundation for Traditional Chinese Medicine
文摘Objective： To investigate the preventive effects of Qiangzhi Decoction （羌跖汤, QZD） on influenza A pneumonia through inhibition of inflammatory cytokine storm in vivo and in vitro. Methods： One hundred ICR mice were randomly divided into the virus control, the Tamiflu control and the QZD high-, medium-, and low-dose groups. Mice were infected intranasally with influenza virus （H1N1） at 10 median lethal dose （LDso）. QZD and Tamiflu were administered intragastrically twice daily from day 0 to day 7 after infection. The virus control group was treated with distilled water alone under the same condition. The number of surviving mice was recorded daily for 14 days after viral infection. The histological damage and viral replication and the expression of inflammatory cytokines were monitored. Additionally, the suppression capacity on the secretion of regulated on activation normal T cells expressed and secreted （RANTES） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α ） in epithelial and macrophage cell-lines were evaluated. Results： Compared with the virus control group, the survival rate of the QZD groups significantly improved in a dose-dependent manner （P〈0.05）, the viral titers in lung tissue was inhibited （P〈0.05）, and the production of inflammatory cytokines interferon-γ （IFN- α ）, interleukin-6 （IL-6）, TNF-α, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1） were suppressed （P〈0.05）. Meanwhile, the secretion of RANTETS and TNF-α by epithelial and macrophage cell-lines was inhibited with the treatment of QZD respectively in vitro （P〈0.05）. Conclusions： The preventive effects of QZD on influenza virus infection might be due to its unique cytokine inhibition mechanism. QZD may have significant therapeutic potential in combination with antiviral drugs.
基金Supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program for the Eleventh Five-Year Plan of China(No.2008BAI53B061)
文摘Objective： To examine the variations in the prevalence of skin reactions and the association between skin reactions and efficacy of summer acupoint application treatment （SAAT） on chronic pulmonary disease （CPD）. Methods： A total of 2,038 patients with CPD were enrolled at 3 independent hospitals （defined as Groups A, B and C, respectively） in China. All patients were treated by SAAT, as applying a herbal paste onto the acupoints of Fengmen （BL 12） and Feishu （BL 13） on the dog days of summer, according to the lunar calendar, in 2008. Ten days after treatment, skin reaction data （no reaction, itching, stinging, blistering, and infection） were obtained via face-to-face interviews. Patients were retreated in the same hospital one year later, thereby allowing doctors to assess treatment efficacy based on the patients＇ symptoms, the severity of the spirometric abnormalities, and the concomitant medications used. Results： A large number of patients （85.3%） displayed reactive symptoms; however, the marked associations between reactive symptoms and age or gender were not observed. An increased number of patients from Group B （99.3%） and Group C （76.5%） displayed reactive symptoms due to the increased mass of crude Semen Sinapis Albae. The effective rate of SPAT was as high as 90.4% for patients of Group B, which was followed by Group A （70.9%） and Group C （42.2%）. Using stratified analyses, a convincing association between reactive symptoms and therapeutic efficacy was observed for patients with asthma [itching： odds ratio （OR）=2,17, 95% confidence interval （CI）： 1.49 to 3.14; blistering： OR=0.43, 95% Ch 0.25 to 0.73; and no reaction： OR=0.56, 95% CI： 0.35 to 0.90]. However, the same tendency was not observed for patients with chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Conclusions： SAAT can induce very mild skin reactions for patients with CPD, among which patients with asthma displayed a strong association between skin reactions
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81471872)
文摘Objective： To investigate the effects of Xuebijing Injection（血必净注射液, XBJ） on survival rate and pulmonary vasopermeability in a rat model of severe scald injury. Methods： Rats were divided into two experiments： experiment 1 was monitored for 12 h post-injury for survival analysis after severe burns; in experiment 2, rats were killed for determination of pulmonary vascular permeability and pro-inflammatory mediators. In both experiments, rats were subject to third-degree 50% total body surface area（TBSA） burns or sham injury followed by XBJ or normal saline（NS） treatment. In addition, rat pulmonary microvascular endothelium cells（PMECs） were pretreated with either XBJ or phosphate buffer saline（PBS）, and then subjected to sham serum or scald serum stimulation for 2 or 6 h, followed by transwell examination for the permeability of PMECs. Meanwhile, pro-inflammatory mediators in PMECs culture supernatant were also investigated. Results： The average survival time in the scald＋XBJ group was 582.1±21.2 min, which was significantly longer than that in the scald ＋ NS group（345.8±25.4 min, P〈0.01）. Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha（TNF-α）, E-selectin, interleukin-6（IL-6）, vascular permeability and water content of lung tissues were significantly increased in animals after severe burns（P〈0.01）. However, administration of XBJ significantly decreased these levels in plasma and lung tissue. In in vitro cell experiments, XBJ markedly attenuated permeability in PMECs monolayer and reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and soluble E-selectin after stimulation with scald serum（P〈0.01）. Conclusions： XBJ increases early survival rate by alleviating pulmonary vasopermeability and inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediators in rats subjected to lethal scald injury. XBJ may be a potent drug in treatment of severe burns.
基金financially supported by the Beijing Hospital Management Center“Dengfeng”plan[DFL20191901]。
文摘Objective To identify the representative attributes of the five elements of a person with a qualitative methodology and provide the basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of“people with the five elements in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).”Methods Data collected from the literature review,two sessions of brainstorming of experts with related experience in“people with the five elements in TCM”from October 2020 to December 2020,and six rounds of in-depth interviews with 30 participants who had various attributes of the five elements from March 2021 to October 2021 were analyzed.Triangulation was used in this study,and theming and synthesizing were used to analyze the data.Results A total of 31 experts and 30 interviewees participated in this study.The median age of the experts and interviewees were 48.0 and 38.5 years,respectively;51.66%and 54.8%of experts and interviewees,respectively,were men.The descriptors of facial diagrams of“people with the five elements in TCM”were complexion,shape,distribution state of facial bones,convergence trend of facial muscles,and facial expression.A theoretical model of“people with the five elements in TCM”was shaped based on these findings.Conclusion The study suggests a possibility for bridging the gap between personality and bodily state,identifying an avenue for personality research from the perspective of TCM.
基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2014M550028)Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry Research Special Project(201207002)Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Natural Science Foundation(2012211A109)
文摘Objective To comprehensively map the distribution patterns of native medicinal plants of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; To find the environmental determinants and to give suggestions for the conservation planning of medicinal plants in Xinjiang region. Methods Firstly, we compiled the distribution data of native medicinal plants at a county level in Xinjiang region, including the source plants of Chinese Materia Medica （CMM）, Uygur Medicine （UM）, and Kazak Medicine （KM）; Secondly, we divided the distribution data into grid with a resolution of 0.1~ x 0.1~ and overlaid it on the topography and climate data in Arcgis 10.0; Finally, we analyzed the correlations of medicinal plant richness and environmental variables with ordinary least square （OLS） regressions and partial regressions. Results UM has more non-native species in Xinjiang region than KM. The species richness of medicinal plants is high in Altay Mountains, western Tianshan Mountains, and part of Kunlun Mountains. The richness of medicinal plants is highly correlated with the vascular plant species richness and climate, and further, the independent effects of vascular plant species richness are higher than the independent effects of climate. The whole plant, root ＆ rhizome, and seed ＆ fruit are more frequently used than stem and leaf for CMM in Xinjiang region. Conclusion The distribution patterns of medicinal plants are concordant with vascular plant species, which could be carefully considered in the conservation planning of this region. Taking full advantage of current nature reserves is a low-costing approach to the conservation of medicinal plants although they were not originally established for medicinal plant protection. Nevertheless, it is urgent to further study the distributions and protection status of medicinal plants in the nature reserves of Xinjiang region.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82174206)National Natural Science Foundation of China,International(Regional)Cooperation and Exchange Program(82261138556).
文摘Objective To elucidate the effects of chlorogenic acid(CGA),a bioactive polyphenol compound prevalent in traditional Chinese medicine and various foods,including Lonicera japonica Thunb.(Jin Yin Hua),Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.(Du Zhong Ye),tea,and coffee,on cardiomyocyte ferroptosis and heart failure.Methods We assessed the effect of CGA on cardiac function using a mouse model of heart failure induced by transverse aortic constriction(TAC).These indicators included the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),fractional shortening(LVFS),end-systolic volume(LVESV),end-diastolic volume(LVEDV),end-systolic diameter(LVESD),and end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD).An isoprenaline hydrochloride(ISO)-induced H9c2 cardiomyocyte cell model was also established,and the cells were treated with various concentrations of CGA.To assess the effect of CGA on ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes,we measured cell viability and evaluated the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS),ferrous ions(Fe^(2+)),and lipid peroxidation using fluorescent staining.To clarify the ferroptosis signaling pathway regulated by CGA,western blotting was used to examine the expression of ferroptosis biomarkers,specifically solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11)and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),in H9c2 cardiomyocytes and mouse myocardial tissues.Results CGA significantly enhanced cardiac performance indices such as LVEF,LVFS,LVESV,LVEDV,LVESD,and LVEDD.H9c2 cardiomyocytes exposed to ISO showed decreased cell viability and increased ROS levels,Fe^(2+)content,and lipid peroxidation levels.However,CGA treatment significantly ameliorated these changes.Additionally,in both H9c2 cardiomyocytes and myocardial tissue obtained from mice with TAC,CGA increased the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins,including SLC7A11 and GPX4.Conclusion CGA has the potential to enhance cardiac function and diminish lipid peroxidation and ROS levels in cardiomyocytes via the SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway.This process alleviates ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes.These results p
基金Supported by Grant from the Innovative Research Team for Alzheimer's Disease's Prevention and Treatment of Ministry of Education of China (No. IRT-08-010)the Project on Absorption of Intellects by Institutions of Higher Education for Academic Disciplinary Innovations (the "111 Project") (No.B08006)+5 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 30973738)the National Key Technology R & D Program(No. 2009BA177B09)the Technological Platform of Clinical Evaluation and Research for New Herbal Medicinal Products(No. 2011ZX09302-006-01)the Innovative Research Team in Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (No. 2011-CXTD-21)Research Fund of Capital Medical Development (No.SF-2009-Ⅲ-11)the Study of Secondary Prevention with Chinese Herbal Medicine for Chronic Diseases (No.Z111107056811043)
文摘OBJECTIVE： To investigate the neuroprotective mechanism of combination extract of Renshen （Ponax Ginseng）, Yinyanghuo （Herba Epimedii Brevi-comus）, Yuanzhi （Radix Palygalae） and Jianghuang （Rhizoma Curcumae Longae） （GEPT） in treating AI- zheimer＇s disease on the target of glycogen syn- thase kinase 3β（GSK-3β）. METHODS： Three-month-old APPV7171 transgenic mice were randomly divided into ten groups （n=12 per group） and intragastrically administrated vehi- cle or medicines： APP group was given 0.5% CMC, donepezil group was given donepezil （APP ＋ D group） （0.92 mg/kg-1. day-1）, and GEPT groups were given small dose of GEPT （APP＋Gs group） （0.075 g/ kg-1. day-1）, medium dose （APP＋Gm group） （0.15 g/ kg-1. day-1）, and large dose （APP＋GI group） （0.30 g/ kg-1. day-1） for 4 or 8 months, respectively. Three-month-old C57BL/6J mice as vehicle controls （n=12） were given 0.5% CMC for 4 or 8 months as well. The GSK-3β expression in the cortex of 7- and 11-month-old APPV7171 transgenic mice with and without GEPT or donepezil treatment and normal C57BL/6J mice were measured via Western blotting and Immunohistochemistry. RESULTS： Immunohistochemistry analysis showed significant increase of GSK-3β in the cerebral cortex of 7-month-old APP group （compare to control group P=0.003）, while the GSK-313 expression of donepezil or OEPT group were all significantly de-creased （Donepezil vs APP： P=0.041; GI vs APP： P=0.049, Gm vs APP： P=0.029, Gh vs APP： P=0.036）. Western blot analysis showed similar results. The densitometric measures of GSK-3β in APP mice in- creased significantly as compared with the control group （P=0.008）. And the GSK-3β expression indonepezil and GEPT groups were all decreased. There was significant difference between Gh group or donepezil group and the control group （P=0.05）. Similar findings were shown in the 11-month-old mice in each group, except for greater decrease of GSK-3β in the GEPT group. CONCLUS
