Cooking fume produced by oil and food at a high temperature releases large amount of fine particulate matter（PM） which have a potential hazard to human health. This chamber study investigated particle emission chara...Cooking fume produced by oil and food at a high temperature releases large amount of fine particulate matter（PM） which have a potential hazard to human health. This chamber study investigated particle emission characteristics originated from using four types of oil（soybean oil, olive oil, peanut oil and lard） and different kinds of food materials（meat and vegetable）. The corresponding emission factors（EFs） of number, mass, surface area and volume for particles were discussed. Temporal variation of size-fractionated particle concentration showed that olive oil produced the highest number PM concentration for the entire cooking process. Multiple path particle dosimetry（MPPD） model was performed to predict deposition in the human respiratory tract. Results showed that the pulmonary airway deposition fraction was the largest. It was also found that particles produced from olive oil led to the highest deposition. We strongly recommend minimizing the moisture content of ingredients before cooking and giving priority to the use of peanut oil instead of olive oil to reduce human exposure to PM.展开更多
Objective： To investigate the effects of brachytherapy with computed tomography-guided percutaneous radioactive 1-125 seeds interstitial implantation （ISI） synchronized chemotherapy and Chinese medicine （CM） for ...Objective： To investigate the effects of brachytherapy with computed tomography-guided percutaneous radioactive 1-125 seeds interstitial implantation （ISI） synchronized chemotherapy and Chinese medicine （CM） for the treatment of advanced stage of non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods： Ninety patients diagnosed with NSCLC by biopsy were randomly assigned to three groups： the synchronized therapy group （A）, the chemotherapy plus CM-treated group （B）, and the chemotherapy-treated group （C）; a 2-month course of treatment was administered to them all. The effectiveness of treatment was evaluated based on tumor size, tumor markers （carcinoembryonic, squamous cell carcinoma-associated antigen, and cytokeratin 19 fragment）, clinical symptoms, and quality of life （QOL） in patients. Results： The total effective rates of Groups A to C were 83.33%, 46.67%, and 43.33%, respectively. The tumor markers were reduced obviously in Group A, showing significant difference compared with those in the other two groups. Additionally, QOL was elevated and cancer-related symptoms were alleviated more significant in Group A than those in Group C （all P〈0.05）. Conclusion： The synchronized therapy of 1-125 implantation with chemotherapy and CM was a safe therapeutic method and can be regarded as a new mode for treatment of advanced-stage NSCLC.展开更多
This paper presents a unified account of the discourse function of the Chinese particle ne based on synchronic and diachronic studies of the function of the particle in statements, in questions and as a theme marker...This paper presents a unified account of the discourse function of the Chinese particle ne based on synchronic and diachronic studies of the function of the particle in statements, in questions and as a theme marker under an interactional and cognitive framework for discourse markers. It proposes that the particle ne has a general function of hearer engagement for Common Ground (CG) negotiation. The use of ne in discourse serves as an instruction for the hearer to pay special attention to a discrepancy in the perceived CG shared by the speaker and hearer in a conversation that the speaker thinks is highly relevant to the current interaction and needs to be negotiated and resolved. And it is the interplay between this core function of ne and the propositional content of the host utterance in a specific context that generates the various interpretations in the literature associated with the use of ne. This core function of the particle ne is rooted in the two core properties of existence marking and discourse-continuation marking, which pertain to its two origins—the locality marker li and the discourse continuation marker ni—in Middle Chinese (201-1000 CE) and Early Mandarin (1001-1900).展开更多
1.Aims and scope Chinese Physics C (CPC) publishes original research papers, letters and reviews, covering theory and experiments in the fields of particle physics, nuclear physics, particle and nuclear astrophysics, ...1.Aims and scope Chinese Physics C (CPC) publishes original research papers, letters and reviews, covering theory and experiments in the fields of particle physics, nuclear physics, particle and nuclear astrophysics, and cosmology. 2.Submission Manuscripts must be submitted through the online submission system at http://cpc.ihep.ac.cn. Submissions by email will not be accepted. By submitting a paper for publication in CPC, the authors imply that the material has not been published previously nor has been submitted for publication elsewhere.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(No.91543120)the Shanghai Natural Science Fund(No.14ZR1435600)
文摘Cooking fume produced by oil and food at a high temperature releases large amount of fine particulate matter（PM） which have a potential hazard to human health. This chamber study investigated particle emission characteristics originated from using four types of oil（soybean oil, olive oil, peanut oil and lard） and different kinds of food materials（meat and vegetable）. The corresponding emission factors（EFs） of number, mass, surface area and volume for particles were discussed. Temporal variation of size-fractionated particle concentration showed that olive oil produced the highest number PM concentration for the entire cooking process. Multiple path particle dosimetry（MPPD） model was performed to predict deposition in the human respiratory tract. Results showed that the pulmonary airway deposition fraction was the largest. It was also found that particles produced from olive oil led to the highest deposition. We strongly recommend minimizing the moisture content of ingredients before cooking and giving priority to the use of peanut oil instead of olive oil to reduce human exposure to PM.
文摘Objective： To investigate the effects of brachytherapy with computed tomography-guided percutaneous radioactive 1-125 seeds interstitial implantation （ISI） synchronized chemotherapy and Chinese medicine （CM） for the treatment of advanced stage of non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods： Ninety patients diagnosed with NSCLC by biopsy were randomly assigned to three groups： the synchronized therapy group （A）, the chemotherapy plus CM-treated group （B）, and the chemotherapy-treated group （C）; a 2-month course of treatment was administered to them all. The effectiveness of treatment was evaluated based on tumor size, tumor markers （carcinoembryonic, squamous cell carcinoma-associated antigen, and cytokeratin 19 fragment）, clinical symptoms, and quality of life （QOL） in patients. Results： The total effective rates of Groups A to C were 83.33%, 46.67%, and 43.33%, respectively. The tumor markers were reduced obviously in Group A, showing significant difference compared with those in the other two groups. Additionally, QOL was elevated and cancer-related symptoms were alleviated more significant in Group A than those in Group C （all P〈0.05）. Conclusion： The synchronized therapy of 1-125 implantation with chemotherapy and CM was a safe therapeutic method and can be regarded as a new mode for treatment of advanced-stage NSCLC.
文摘This paper presents a unified account of the discourse function of the Chinese particle ne based on synchronic and diachronic studies of the function of the particle in statements, in questions and as a theme marker under an interactional and cognitive framework for discourse markers. It proposes that the particle ne has a general function of hearer engagement for Common Ground (CG) negotiation. The use of ne in discourse serves as an instruction for the hearer to pay special attention to a discrepancy in the perceived CG shared by the speaker and hearer in a conversation that the speaker thinks is highly relevant to the current interaction and needs to be negotiated and resolved. And it is the interplay between this core function of ne and the propositional content of the host utterance in a specific context that generates the various interpretations in the literature associated with the use of ne. This core function of the particle ne is rooted in the two core properties of existence marking and discourse-continuation marking, which pertain to its two origins—the locality marker li and the discourse continuation marker ni—in Middle Chinese (201-1000 CE) and Early Mandarin (1001-1900).
文摘1.Aims and scope Chinese Physics C (CPC) publishes original research papers, letters and reviews, covering theory and experiments in the fields of particle physics, nuclear physics, particle and nuclear astrophysics, and cosmology. 2.Submission Manuscripts must be submitted through the online submission system at http://cpc.ihep.ac.cn. Submissions by email will not be accepted. By submitting a paper for publication in CPC, the authors imply that the material has not been published previously nor has been submitted for publication elsewhere.
